Medical Terminology Chapter 11
abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o
abdomen (abdominal cavity)
abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated. This may occur after abdominal surgery; surgical treatment called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy.
adhesion
an opening created surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments
anastomosis
eating disorder charaterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese. It occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults.
anorexia nervosa
antr/o
antrum
an/o
anus
without swallowing (the inability to)
aphagia
appendic/o
appendix
abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
surgical reduction of gastric capacity treat morbid obesity
bariatric surgery
series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered rectally (also called a lower GI series)
barium enema (BE)
cholangi/o
bile duct
an eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse (binging and purging)
bulimia nervosa
cec/o
cecum
bucc/o
cheek
chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly caused by alcoholism
cirrhosis
col/o, colon/o
colon (usually denoting the large intestine)
choledoch/o
common bile duct
frequent discharge of liquid stool
diarrhea
-pepsia
digestion
diverticul/o
diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ (pl. diverticula)
ulcer in the duodenum
duodenal ulcer
difficult digestion (often used to describe GI sypmtoms)
dyspepsia
difficult swallowing
dysphagia
expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth (also called vomiting or vomitus)
emesis
esophag/o
esophagus
steat/o
fat
waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum (also called stool or fecal matter)
feces
gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus
flatus
chol/e
gall, bile
washing out of the stomach
gastric lavage
ulcer in the stomach
gastric ulcer
the abdominal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and the gradual breakdown of the mucous barrier of the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube
gavage
gingiv/o
gum
hemi-
half
vomiting of blood
hematmemsis
passage of bloody feces
hematochezia
varicose vein in the rectal area, which may be internal or external
hemorrhoid
herni/o
hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall
ile/o
ileum
obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis
ileus
telescoping of a segment of the intestine
intussusception
periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
jejun/o
jejunum
cheil/o
lip
hepat/o
liver
black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract
melena
or/o, stomat/o
mouth
urge to vomit
nausea
excess of body fat (body weight)
obesity
palat/o
palate
pancreat/o
pancreas
another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer
peptic ulcer
PEG
percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
peritone/o
peritoneum
tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign; common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines.
polyp
polyp/o
polyp, small growth
pylor/o
pylorus, pyloric sphincter
proct/o, rect/o
rectum
sial/o
saliva, salivary gland
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
gastr/o
stomach
gloss/o, lingu/o
tongue
inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers. The main symptom is bloody diarrhea. An ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition.
ulcerative colitis
series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has ben swallowed
upper GI (gastrointestinal) series
uvul/o
uvula
twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction
volvulus
expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth (also called vomitus or emesis)
vomiting
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction (also called regional ileitis or regional enteritis)
Chron disease
H. pylori
Heliobacter pylori
a blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria. The bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers. Tests for H. pylori are also performed on biopsy specimens and by breath test.
Heliobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies test
