Medical Terminology Chapter 11

abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o

abdomen (abdominal cavity)

abnormal growing together of two surfaces that normally are separated. This may occur after abdominal surgery; surgical treatment called adhesiolysis or adhesiotomy.

adhesion

an opening created surgically joining two structures, such as blood vessels or bowel segments

anastomosis

eating disorder charaterized by a prolonged refusal to eat, resulting in emaciation, amenorrhea in females, and abnormal fear of becoming obese. It occurs primarily in adolescents and young adults.

anorexia nervosa

antr/o

antrum

an/o

anus

without swallowing (the inability to)

aphagia

appendic/o

appendix

abnormal collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

ascites

surgical reduction of gastric capacity treat morbid obesity

bariatric surgery

series of radiographic images taken of the large intestine after a barium enema has been administered rectally (also called a lower GI series)

barium enema (BE)

cholangi/o

bile duct

an eating disorder involving gorging with food, followed by induced vomiting or laxative abuse (binging and purging)

bulimia nervosa

cec/o

cecum

bucc/o

cheek

chronic disease of the liver with gradual destruction of cells and formation of scar tissue; commonly caused by alcoholism

cirrhosis

col/o, colon/o

colon (usually denoting the large intestine)

choledoch/o

common bile duct

frequent discharge of liquid stool

diarrhea

-pepsia

digestion

diverticul/o

diverticulum, or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ (pl. diverticula)

ulcer in the duodenum

duodenal ulcer

difficult digestion (often used to describe GI sypmtoms)

dyspepsia

difficult swallowing

dysphagia

expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth (also called vomiting or vomitus)

emesis

esophag/o

esophagus

steat/o

fat

waste from the digestive tract expelled through the rectum (also called stool or fecal matter)

feces

gas in the digestive tract or expelled through the anus

flatus

chol/e

gall, bile

washing out of the stomach

gastric lavage

ulcer in the stomach

gastric ulcer

the abdominal backward flow of the gastrointestinal contents into the esophagus, causing heartburn and the gradual breakdown of the mucous barrier of the esophagus

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

process of feeding a person through a nasogastric tube

gavage

gingiv/o

gum

hemi-

half

vomiting of blood

hematmemsis

passage of bloody feces

hematochezia

varicose vein in the rectal area, which may be internal or external

hemorrhoid

herni/o

hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall

ile/o

ileum

obstruction of the intestine, often caused by failure of peristalsis

ileus

telescoping of a segment of the intestine

intussusception

periodic disturbances of bowel function, such as diarrhea and/or constipation, usually associated with abdominal pain

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

jejun/o

jejunum

cheil/o

lip

hepat/o

liver

black, tarry stool that contains digested blood; usually a result of bleeding in the upper GI tract

melena

or/o, stomat/o

mouth

urge to vomit

nausea

excess of body fat (body weight)

obesity

palat/o

palate

pancreat/o

pancreas

another name for gastric or duodenal ulcer

peptic ulcer

PEG

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

peritone/o

peritoneum

tumorlike growth extending outward from a mucous membrane; usually benign; common sites are in the nose, throat, and intestines.

polyp

polyp/o

polyp, small growth

pylor/o

pylorus, pyloric sphincter

proct/o, rect/o

rectum

sial/o

saliva, salivary gland

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

gastr/o

stomach

gloss/o, lingu/o

tongue

inflammation of the colon with the formation of ulcers. The main symptom is bloody diarrhea. An ileostomy may be performed to treat this condition.

ulcerative colitis

series of radiographic images taken of the stomach and duodenum after barium has ben swallowed

upper GI (gastrointestinal) series

uvul/o

uvula

twisting or kinking of the intestine, causing intestinal obstruction

volvulus

expelling matter from the stomach through the mouth (also called vomitus or emesis)

vomiting

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract usually affecting the ileum and characterized by cobblestone ulcerations and the formation of scar tissue that may lead to intestinal obstruction (also called regional ileitis or regional enteritis)

Chron disease

H. pylori

Heliobacter pylori

a blood test to determine the presence of H. pylori bacteria. The bacteria can be found in the lining of the stomach and can cause peptic ulcers. Tests for H. pylori are also performed on biopsy specimens and by breath test.

Heliobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibodies test