Medical Terminology: Chapter 2 (Body Structure)
Ab/duction
Movement away from the body
Ad/duction
Movement toward the body
Proxim/o-
Near; nearest
Proxim/al
Nearest the point of attachment (of a limb)
Cervic/o
Neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)
Radiographic procedure that produces images of an organ or area of the body by introducing a radionuclide substance (tracer or radiopharmaceutical) that releases a low level of radiation
Nuclear scan (also called nuclear scanning; radionuclide imaging; nuclear medicine scan)
Nucle/o-
Nucleus
Abbreviation for posteroanterior; pernicious anemia; pulmonary artery; physician assistant
PA
Abbreviation for positron emission tomograpy
PET
Use pelv/i (pelvis) to build a word that means instrument for measuring the pelvis. ______________________________
Pelvimeter
Pelv/i **connecting vowel is an (i)**
Pelvis
-ac
Pertaining to
-al
Pertaining to
-ar
Pertaining to
-ary
Pertaining to
-eal
Pertaining to
-iac
Pertaining to
-ic
Pertaining to
-ior
Pertaining to
-ous
Pertaining to
-tic
Pertaining to
-toxic
Pertaining to poison
Poster/o/later/al
Pertaining to the back and the side of the body
Anter/o/later/al
Pertaining to the front and the side of the body
Lumb/o/abdomin/al
Pertaining to the loins and abdomen
Umbilic/al
Pertaining to the navel (region at the belly button)
-graphy
Process of recording
Abbreviation for right lower quadrant
RLQ
Abbreviation for right upper quadrant
RUQ
Quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity?
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
Use radi/o (radiation, x-ray; radius [lower arm bone on the thumb side]) to build a word that means process of recording an x-ray. ______________________________
Radiography
Abbreviation for single-photon emission computed tomography
SPECT
-lysis
Separation; destruction; loosening
Systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating bood
Septicemia (also called sepsis; blood poisoning)
Later/o-
Side; to one side
Son/o
Sound
-logist
Specialist in the study of _________
Spin/o
Spine
Gastr/o
Stomach
-logy
Study of
Caud/o-
Tail
Ventral cavities? (2)
Thoracic Abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic cavities)
Hist-
Tissue
Tom/o
To cut; slice
Any of several radiographic procedures in which specialized machines produce a film representing a detailed cross section, or slice (cut), of an area, tissue, or organ
Tomography
-ad
Toward
Cephal/ad
Toward the head
Something in a lateral position is located toward the side. True False
True
The abdominopelvic cavity contains the heart and the lungs. True False
True
The directional term adduction indicates movement toward the body. True False
True
The horizontal plane is also known as the transverse plane. True False
True
The umbilical region is located near the navel. True False
True
-oma
Tumor
-verse
Turning
Abbreviation for ultrasound; ultrasonography
US
Radiographic procedure in which a small transducer passed over the skin transmits high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are then recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue
Ultrasonography (US)
Use umbilic/o (umbilicus, navel) to build a word that means pertaining to the navel. ______________________________
Umbilical
AREA between the right and left lumbar regions
Umbilical region
Umbilic/o
Umbilicus; navel
Super/o-
Upper; above
-scopy
Visual examination
High-energy electromagnetic waves (x-rays) pass through the body onto a photographic film to produce an image of internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes
X-ray (also called radiograph)
What is the cavity that surrounds the skull? a. Cranial b. Thoracic c. Abdominal d. Pelvic e. Spinal
a. Cranial
What organ is contained in the RUQ? a. Liver b. Appendix c. Lung d. Stomach e. Heart
a. Liver
The simplest level of the human body is the: a. cellular level. b. tissue level. c. organ level. d. system level. e. organism level.
a. cellular level.
A specialized lighted instrument to view the interior of organs and cavities is a( n ): a. endoscope. b. microscope. c. Doppler. d. fluoroscope. e. otoscope.
a. endoscope.
Which organ is located in the thoracic cavity? a. heart. b. colon. c. pelvis. d. intestine. e. cecum.
a. heart.
The plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions is the: a. transverse plane. b. coronal plane. c. sagittal plane. d. midsagittal plane. e. median plane.
a. transverse plane.
Which suffix means specialist in the study of? a. -logy b. -logist c. -lysis d. -toxic e. -ad
b. -logist
Which condition involves fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure? a. Anastomosis b. Sepsis c. Adhesion d. Chondroma e. Inflammation
b. Sepsis
A surgical connection of two ducts or blood vessels is: a. cauterization. b. anastomosis. c. colostomy. d. endoscopy. e. C&S.
b. anastomosis.
The word element that means tail is: a. cervic/o. b. caud/o. c. nucle/o. d. chondr/o. e. thorac/o.
b. caud/o.
In terms of body position, the opposite of cranial is: a. superior. b. caudal. c. lateral. d. medial. e. visceral.
b. caudal.
What is the therapeutic procedure that burns tissues by thermal heat, including electricity, or laser? a. dermabrasion b. cauterization c. fulgurization d. curettage e. ablation
b. cauterization
The science that deals with the formation, structure, and function of cells is called: a. oncology. b. cytology. c. gastrology. d. urology. e. dermatology.
b. cytology.
A histologist is a specialist in the study of: a. cells. b. tissues. c. organs. d. systems. e. organisms.
b. tissues.
The plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves is the: a. ventral plane. b. transverse plane. c. sagittal plane. d. dorsal plane. e. frontal plane.
b. transverse plane.
What suffix means separation, destruction, or loosening? a. -logist b. -toxic c. -lysis d. -logy e. -oma
c. -lysis
What is the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? a. Spinal column b. Peritoneum c. Diaphragm d. Umbilicus e. Stomach
c. Diaphragm
Where is the right lung in reference to the heart? a. Proximal b. Distal c. Lateral d. Ventral e. Dorsal
c. Lateral
A noninvasive technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce images of internal structures of the body is a( n ): a. CAT scan. b. US. c. MRI. d. PET. e. Doppler.
c. MRI.
What plane divides the body into right and left halves? a. Coronal b. Lateral c. Midsagittal d. Frontal e. Horizontal
c. Midsagittal
What radiographic procedure employs high-frequency sound waves to produce an image? a. Magnetic resonance imaging b. Positron emission tomography c. Ultrasonography d. Radiography e. Nuclear scan
c. Ultrasonography
In anatomical position, the: a. body is lying down with face upward. b. arms are folded across the chest. c. body is erect and the eyes are looking forward. d. palms of the hands face the back of the body. e. toes point inward.
c. body is erect and the eyes are looking forward.
Which term refers to the neck? a. sacral b. coccygeal c. cervical d. thoracic e. lumbar
c. cervical
The frontal plane is also known as the: a. median plane. b. horizontal plane. c. coronal plane. d. midsagittal plane. e. lateral plane.
c. coronal plane.
The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the: a. ventral cavity. b. pelvic cavity. c. dorsal cavity. d. thoracic cavity. e. coronal cavity.
c. dorsal cavity
The prefix ultra- means: a. across, through. b. beneath, under. c. excess, beyond. d. toward. e. away from.
c. excess, beyond.
A coronal plane divides the body into: a. equal right and left halves. b. unequal right and left halves. c. front side and back side. d. upper portion and lower portion. e. four regions.
c. front side and back side.
The directional term proxim/al describes a position: a. farthest from the beginning of a structure. b. to the side of a structure. c. nearest to the beginning of a structure. d. below another structure. e. above another structure.
c. nearest to the beginning of a structure
The diagnostic technique that produces an image by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical is called a( n ): a. radiograph. b. MRI. c. nuclear scan. d. x-ray. e. US.
c. nuclear scan.
Another term for septicemia is: a. gastritis. b. anemia. c. toxemia. d. leukocytes. e. hemorrhage.
c. toxemia.
The middle region of the abdominopelvic cavity is the: a. hypogastric region. b. inguinal region. c. umbilical region. d. lumbar region. e. hypochondriac region.
c. umbilical region
The navel region of the abdomen is referred to as the: a. iliac. b. pelvis. c. umbilicus. d. hypochondriac. e. groin.
c. umbilicus.
What is the surgical procedure that joins two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other? a. Suture b. Ablation c. Interconnection d. Anastomosis e. Fusion
d. Anastomosis
What is the upper right abdominopelvic region (beneath the ribs)? a. Right lumbar region b. Epigastric region c. Right inguinal region d. Right hypochondriac region e. Umbilical region
d. Right hypochondriac region
In the anatomical position, how is the wrist described in relationship to the fingers? a. The wrist is medial to the fingers. b. The wrist is ventral to the fingers. c. The wrist is anterior to the fingers. d. The wrist is superior to the fingers. e. The wrist is distal to the fingers.
d. The wrist is superior to the fingers.
A gastroscope is a type of: a. microscope. b. probe. c. expander. d. endoscope. e. enlarger.
d. endoscope.
Visual examination of an organ or canal with a specialized lighted instrument is called: a. fluoroscopy. b. scan. c. tomography. d. endoscopy. e. pleuroscopy.
d. endoscopy.
A tumor in the inguinal area is located in the: a. stomach. b. neck. c. pelvis. d. groin. e. spine.
d. groin.
Which term describes a separation, destruction, or loosening of tissue? a. histopathology b. histoblast c. histocyte d. histolysis e. histoplasmin
d. histolysis
A condition characterized by the body's inflammatory response to infection is called: a. adhesion. b. anastomosis. c. cautery. d. septicemia. e. SPECT.
d. septicemia
The word element that means navel is: a. cervic/o. b. dist/o. c. spin/o. d. umbilic/o. e. thorac/o.
d. umbilic/o.
What region of the body is used to describe pain that occurs above the stomach? a. Umbilical b. Thoracic c. Lumbar d. Cervical e. Epigastric
e. Epigastric
What procedure produces images of an organ or area of the body after introduction of a tracer? a. Radiography b. Ultrasonography c. US d. X-ray e. Nuclear scan
e. Nuclear scan
Adhesions can develop anywhere in the body, but form most commonly in the: a. mouth. b. ears. c. spine. d. diaphragm. e. abdomen.
e. abdomen.
Which term describes scar tissue formation during the healing process that binds anatomical surfaces together? a. ablation b. claudication c. infarction d. occlusion e. adhesion
e. adhesion
A cytologist specializes in the study of: a. organisms. b. tissues. c. systems. d. organs. e. cells.
e. cells.
What is the term for a tumor composed of cartilage? a. gastroma b. carcinoma c. osteoma d. adenoma e. chondroma
e. chondroma
Anterior is a term synonymous with: a. posterior. b. supine. c. lateral. d. cephalic. e. front.
e. front.
What directional term describes the position of the mouth relative to the nose? a. proximal b. distal c. lateral d. superior e. inferior
e. inferior
The most complex level of the human body is the: a. cellular level. b. tissue level. c. organ level. d. system level. e. organism level.
e. organism level.
Dorsal cavity subddivisions? (2)
(1) Cranial cavity (2) Spinal cavity
Abbreviation that designates the path of an x-ray beam from the anterior to the posterior part of the body
AP
Abdomin/o
Abdomen
Which cavity contains the greatest number of organs in the body?
Abdominopelvic cavity
Trans-
Across
-duction
Act of leading, bringing, conducting
Band of scarlike tissue that forms between two surfaces inside the body and causes them to stick together (usually in abdomen)(
Adhesion
Body plane
An imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections
Connection between two vessels, such as the surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other
Anastomosis
Anter/o-
Anterior; front
Peri-
Around
Dors/o-
Back (of body)
Poster/o-
Back (of body); behind; posterior
Dorsal
Back of the body
Posterior
Back of the body
Ventr/o-
Belly; belly side
-emia
Blood
Abbreviation for biopsy
Bx, bx
Abbreviation for computer tomography
CT
Abbreviation for chest x-ray; chest radiograph
CXR
Chondr/o-
Cartilage
Process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals (silver nitrate)
Cauterize
Cyt/o-
Cell
Thorac/o
Chest
Tomography in which a narrow beam of x-rays rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body, which a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of an internal organ or tissue
Computed tomography (CT) (also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning)
Crani/o
Cranium (skull)
Another name for the transverse plane in radiography? (Many different transverse planes exist at every possible level of the body, from head to foot)
Cross-sectional plane
Laboratory test of a body fluid placed on a culture medium to identify the cause of an infection (usually a bacterium) and a sensitivity test that determines which antibiotic drug will work best to treat the infection
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Use -logy (study of) to build a word that means study of cells. ______________________________
Cytology
Muscular wall that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
Diaphragm
What is in the abdominopelvic cavity?
Digestive and reproductive organs
Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
Endoscopy
AREA meaning ABOVE the stomach
Epigastric region
Ultra-
Excess; beyond
Cytology is the study of the blood. True False
False
Cytolysis describes a condition of cellular development. True False
False
Hypogastric pain denotes that the pain is above the stomach. True False
False
Sepsis is the body's response to diarrhea. True False
False
The body's inflammatory response to infection is known as adhesion. True False
False
The dorsal cavity contains the lungs. True False
False
The pelvic cavity contains the lungs. True False
False
The tips of the fingers are proximal to the elbow. True False
False
US is an imaging technique that scans the organs. True False
False
When you say, "The head is superior to the stomach," you mean it is located below the stomach. True False
False
Dist/o-
Far; farthest
Dist/al
Farthest from the point of attachment (of a limb)
Radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images
Fluoroscopy
Anterior
Front of the body
Ventral
Front of the body
Which plane is used to take an anter/o/poster/ior chest radiograph? (Ray enters the body on the anterior side and exists on the posterior)
Frontal (Coronal) plane
Use gastr/o (stomach) to build a word that means visual examination of the stomach. ______________________________
Gastroscopy
Inguin/o
Groin
Cephal/o
Head
What is in the thoracic cavity?
Heart and lungs
Plane that runs across the body from the right side to the left side and divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions
Horizontal/Transverse Plane
AREA meaning UNDER the cartilage (of the ribs) *Left and right regions*
Hypochondriac regions
AREA meaning BELOW the stomach
Hypogastric region
Ili/o
Ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)
Endo-
In; within
Septic
Infection
Protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy
Inflammation
-meter
Instrument for measuring ______________
Abbreviation for lateral
LAT, lat
Abbreviation for left lower quadrant
LLQ
Abbreviation for left upper quadrant
LUQ
Lumb/o
Loins (lower back)
Infer/o-
Lower; below
Fluor/o
Luminous; fluorescence
Abbreviation for magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
Radiographic procedure that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
3 major planes of the body?
Median (Midsagittal) Frontal (Coronal) Horizontal (Transverse)
Plane that lies exactly in the middle of the body and divides the body into two equal halves
Median/Midsagittal Plane
Medi/o-
Middle
