Medical Terminology: Chapter 2 (Body Structure)

Ab/duction

Movement away from the body

Ad/duction

Movement toward the body

Proxim/o-

Near; nearest

Proxim/al

Nearest the point of attachment (of a limb)

Cervic/o

Neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

Radiographic procedure that produces images of an organ or area of the body by introducing a radionuclide substance (tracer or radiopharmaceutical) that releases a low level of radiation

Nuclear scan (also called nuclear scanning; radionuclide imaging; nuclear medicine scan)

Nucle/o-

Nucleus

Abbreviation for posteroanterior; pernicious anemia; pulmonary artery; physician assistant

PA

Abbreviation for positron emission tomograpy

PET

Use pelv/i (pelvis) to build a word that means instrument for measuring the pelvis. ______________________________

Pelvimeter

Pelv/i **connecting vowel is an (i)**

Pelvis

-ac

Pertaining to

-al

Pertaining to

-ar

Pertaining to

-ary

Pertaining to

-eal

Pertaining to

-iac

Pertaining to

-ic

Pertaining to

-ior

Pertaining to

-ous

Pertaining to

-tic

Pertaining to

-toxic

Pertaining to poison

Poster/o/later/al

Pertaining to the back and the side of the body

Anter/o/later/al

Pertaining to the front and the side of the body

Lumb/o/abdomin/al

Pertaining to the loins and abdomen

Umbilic/al

Pertaining to the navel (region at the belly button)

-graphy

Process of recording

Abbreviation for right lower quadrant

RLQ

Abbreviation for right upper quadrant

RUQ

Quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity?

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

Use radi/o (radiation, x-ray; radius [lower arm bone on the thumb side]) to build a word that means process of recording an x-ray. ______________________________

Radiography

Abbreviation for single-photon emission computed tomography

SPECT

-lysis

Separation; destruction; loosening

Systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating bood

Septicemia (also called sepsis; blood poisoning)

Later/o-

Side; to one side

Son/o

Sound

-logist

Specialist in the study of _________

Spin/o

Spine

Gastr/o

Stomach

-logy

Study of

Caud/o-

Tail

Ventral cavities? (2)

Thoracic Abdominopelvic (abdominal and pelvic cavities)

Hist-

Tissue

Tom/o

To cut; slice

Any of several radiographic procedures in which specialized machines produce a film representing a detailed cross section, or slice (cut), of an area, tissue, or organ

Tomography

-ad

Toward

Cephal/ad

Toward the head

Something in a lateral position is located toward the side. True False

True

The abdominopelvic cavity contains the heart and the lungs. True False

True

The directional term adduction indicates movement toward the body. True False

True

The horizontal plane is also known as the transverse plane. True False

True

The umbilical region is located near the navel. True False

True

-oma

Tumor

-verse

Turning

Abbreviation for ultrasound; ultrasonography

US

Radiographic procedure in which a small transducer passed over the skin transmits high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) that bounce off body tissues and are then recorded to produce an image of an internal organ or tissue

Ultrasonography (US)

Use umbilic/o (umbilicus, navel) to build a word that means pertaining to the navel. ______________________________

Umbilical

AREA between the right and left lumbar regions

Umbilical region

Umbilic/o

Umbilicus; navel

Super/o-

Upper; above

-scopy

Visual examination

High-energy electromagnetic waves (x-rays) pass through the body onto a photographic film to produce an image of internal structures of the body for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes

X-ray (also called radiograph)

What is the cavity that surrounds the skull? a. Cranial b. Thoracic c. Abdominal d. Pelvic e. Spinal

a. Cranial

What organ is contained in the RUQ? a. Liver b. Appendix c. Lung d. Stomach e. Heart

a. Liver

The simplest level of the human body is the: a. cellular level. b. tissue level. c. organ level. d. system level. e. organism level.

a. cellular level.

A specialized lighted instrument to view the interior of organs and cavities is a( n ): a. endoscope. b. microscope. c. Doppler. d. fluoroscope. e. otoscope.

a. endoscope.

Which organ is located in the thoracic cavity? a. heart. b. colon. c. pelvis. d. intestine. e. cecum.

a. heart.

The plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions is the: a. transverse plane. b. coronal plane. c. sagittal plane. d. midsagittal plane. e. median plane.

a. transverse plane.

Which suffix means specialist in the study of? a. -logy b. -logist c. -lysis d. -toxic e. -ad

b. -logist

Which condition involves fever, elevated heart and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure? a. Anastomosis b. Sepsis c. Adhesion d. Chondroma e. Inflammation

b. Sepsis

A surgical connection of two ducts or blood vessels is: a. cauterization. b. anastomosis. c. colostomy. d. endoscopy. e. C&S.

b. anastomosis.

The word element that means tail is: a. cervic/o. b. caud/o. c. nucle/o. d. chondr/o. e. thorac/o.

b. caud/o.

In terms of body position, the opposite of cranial is: a. superior. b. caudal. c. lateral. d. medial. e. visceral.

b. caudal.

What is the therapeutic procedure that burns tissues by thermal heat, including electricity, or laser? a. dermabrasion b. cauterization c. fulgurization d. curettage e. ablation

b. cauterization

The science that deals with the formation, structure, and function of cells is called: a. oncology. b. cytology. c. gastrology. d. urology. e. dermatology.

b. cytology.

A histologist is a specialist in the study of: a. cells. b. tissues. c. organs. d. systems. e. organisms.

b. tissues.

The plane that divides the body into upper and lower halves is the: a. ventral plane. b. transverse plane. c. sagittal plane. d. dorsal plane. e. frontal plane.

b. transverse plane.

What suffix means separation, destruction, or loosening? a. -logist b. -toxic c. -lysis d. -logy e. -oma

c. -lysis

What is the structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity? a. Spinal column b. Peritoneum c. Diaphragm d. Umbilicus e. Stomach

c. Diaphragm

Where is the right lung in reference to the heart? a. Proximal b. Distal c. Lateral d. Ventral e. Dorsal

c. Lateral

A noninvasive technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce images of internal structures of the body is a( n ): a. CAT scan. b. US. c. MRI. d. PET. e. Doppler.

c. MRI.

What plane divides the body into right and left halves? a. Coronal b. Lateral c. Midsagittal d. Frontal e. Horizontal

c. Midsagittal

What radiographic procedure employs high-frequency sound waves to produce an image? a. Magnetic resonance imaging b. Positron emission tomography c. Ultrasonography d. Radiography e. Nuclear scan

c. Ultrasonography

In anatomical position, the: a. body is lying down with face upward. b. arms are folded across the chest. c. body is erect and the eyes are looking forward. d. palms of the hands face the back of the body. e. toes point inward.

c. body is erect and the eyes are looking forward.

Which term refers to the neck? a. sacral b. coccygeal c. cervical d. thoracic e. lumbar

c. cervical

The frontal plane is also known as the: a. median plane. b. horizontal plane. c. coronal plane. d. midsagittal plane. e. lateral plane.

c. coronal plane.

The cranial and spinal cavities are subdivisions of the: a. ventral cavity. b. pelvic cavity. c. dorsal cavity. d. thoracic cavity. e. coronal cavity.

c. dorsal cavity

The prefix ultra- means: a. across, through. b. beneath, under. c. excess, beyond. d. toward. e. away from.

c. excess, beyond.

A coronal plane divides the body into: a. equal right and left halves. b. unequal right and left halves. c. front side and back side. d. upper portion and lower portion. e. four regions.

c. front side and back side.

The directional term proxim/al describes a position: a. farthest from the beginning of a structure. b. to the side of a structure. c. nearest to the beginning of a structure. d. below another structure. e. above another structure.

c. nearest to the beginning of a structure

The diagnostic technique that produces an image by recording the concentration of a radiopharmaceutical is called a( n ): a. radiograph. b. MRI. c. nuclear scan. d. x-ray. e. US.

c. nuclear scan.

Another term for septicemia is: a. gastritis. b. anemia. c. toxemia. d. leukocytes. e. hemorrhage.

c. toxemia.

The middle region of the abdominopelvic cavity is the: a. hypogastric region. b. inguinal region. c. umbilical region. d. lumbar region. e. hypochondriac region.

c. umbilical region

The navel region of the abdomen is referred to as the: a. iliac. b. pelvis. c. umbilicus. d. hypochondriac. e. groin.

c. umbilicus.

What is the surgical procedure that joins two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other? a. Suture b. Ablation c. Interconnection d. Anastomosis e. Fusion

d. Anastomosis

What is the upper right abdominopelvic region (beneath the ribs)? a. Right lumbar region b. Epigastric region c. Right inguinal region d. Right hypochondriac region e. Umbilical region

d. Right hypochondriac region

In the anatomical position, how is the wrist described in relationship to the fingers? a. The wrist is medial to the fingers. b. The wrist is ventral to the fingers. c. The wrist is anterior to the fingers. d. The wrist is superior to the fingers. e. The wrist is distal to the fingers.

d. The wrist is superior to the fingers.

A gastroscope is a type of: a. microscope. b. probe. c. expander. d. endoscope. e. enlarger.

d. endoscope.

Visual examination of an organ or canal with a specialized lighted instrument is called: a. fluoroscopy. b. scan. c. tomography. d. endoscopy. e. pleuroscopy.

d. endoscopy.

A tumor in the inguinal area is located in the: a. stomach. b. neck. c. pelvis. d. groin. e. spine.

d. groin.

Which term describes a separation, destruction, or loosening of tissue? a. histopathology b. histoblast c. histocyte d. histolysis e. histoplasmin

d. histolysis

A condition characterized by the body's inflammatory response to infection is called: a. adhesion. b. anastomosis. c. cautery. d. septicemia. e. SPECT.

d. septicemia

The word element that means navel is: a. cervic/o. b. dist/o. c. spin/o. d. umbilic/o. e. thorac/o.

d. umbilic/o.

What region of the body is used to describe pain that occurs above the stomach? a. Umbilical b. Thoracic c. Lumbar d. Cervical e. Epigastric

e. Epigastric

What procedure produces images of an organ or area of the body after introduction of a tracer? a. Radiography b. Ultrasonography c. US d. X-ray e. Nuclear scan

e. Nuclear scan

Adhesions can develop anywhere in the body, but form most commonly in the: a. mouth. b. ears. c. spine. d. diaphragm. e. abdomen.

e. abdomen.

Which term describes scar tissue formation during the healing process that binds anatomical surfaces together? a. ablation b. claudication c. infarction d. occlusion e. adhesion

e. adhesion

A cytologist specializes in the study of: a. organisms. b. tissues. c. systems. d. organs. e. cells.

e. cells.

What is the term for a tumor composed of cartilage? a. gastroma b. carcinoma c. osteoma d. adenoma e. chondroma

e. chondroma

Anterior is a term synonymous with: a. posterior. b. supine. c. lateral. d. cephalic. e. front.

e. front.

What directional term describes the position of the mouth relative to the nose? a. proximal b. distal c. lateral d. superior e. inferior

e. inferior

The most complex level of the human body is the: a. cellular level. b. tissue level. c. organ level. d. system level. e. organism level.

e. organism level.

Dorsal cavity subddivisions? (2)

(1) Cranial cavity (2) Spinal cavity

Abbreviation that designates the path of an x-ray beam from the anterior to the posterior part of the body

AP

Abdomin/o

Abdomen

Which cavity contains the greatest number of organs in the body?

Abdominopelvic cavity

Trans-

Across

-duction

Act of leading, bringing, conducting

Band of scarlike tissue that forms between two surfaces inside the body and causes them to stick together (usually in abdomen)(

Adhesion

Body plane

An imaginary flat surface that divides the body into two sections

Connection between two vessels, such as the surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other

Anastomosis

Anter/o-

Anterior; front

Peri-

Around

Dors/o-

Back (of body)

Poster/o-

Back (of body); behind; posterior

Dorsal

Back of the body

Posterior

Back of the body

Ventr/o-

Belly; belly side

-emia

Blood

Abbreviation for biopsy

Bx, bx

Abbreviation for computer tomography

CT

Abbreviation for chest x-ray; chest radiograph

CXR

Chondr/o-

Cartilage

Process of burning abnormal tissue with electricity, freezing, heat, or chemicals (silver nitrate)

Cauterize

Cyt/o-

Cell

Thorac/o

Chest

Tomography in which a narrow beam of x-rays rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body, which a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of an internal organ or tissue

Computed tomography (CT) (also called computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanning)

Crani/o

Cranium (skull)

Another name for the transverse plane in radiography? (Many different transverse planes exist at every possible level of the body, from head to foot)

Cross-sectional plane

Laboratory test of a body fluid placed on a culture medium to identify the cause of an infection (usually a bacterium) and a sensitivity test that determines which antibiotic drug will work best to treat the infection

Culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Use -logy (study of) to build a word that means study of cells. ______________________________

Cytology

Muscular wall that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Diaphragm

What is in the abdominopelvic cavity?

Digestive and reproductive organs

Visual examination of the interior of organs and cavities with a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

Endoscopy

AREA meaning ABOVE the stomach

Epigastric region

Ultra-

Excess; beyond

Cytology is the study of the blood. True False

False

Cytolysis describes a condition of cellular development. True False

False

Hypogastric pain denotes that the pain is above the stomach. True False

False

Sepsis is the body's response to diarrhea. True False

False

The body's inflammatory response to infection is known as adhesion. True False

False

The dorsal cavity contains the lungs. True False

False

The pelvic cavity contains the lungs. True False

False

The tips of the fingers are proximal to the elbow. True False

False

US is an imaging technique that scans the organs. True False

False

When you say, "The head is superior to the stomach," you mean it is located below the stomach. True False

False

Dist/o-

Far; farthest

Dist/al

Farthest from the point of attachment (of a limb)

Radiographic procedure that uses a fluorescent screen instead of a photographic plate to produce a visual image from x-rays that pass through the patient, resulting in continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images

Fluoroscopy

Anterior

Front of the body

Ventral

Front of the body

Which plane is used to take an anter/o/poster/ior chest radiograph? (Ray enters the body on the anterior side and exists on the posterior)

Frontal (Coronal) plane

Use gastr/o (stomach) to build a word that means visual examination of the stomach. ______________________________

Gastroscopy

Inguin/o

Groin

Cephal/o

Head

What is in the thoracic cavity?

Heart and lungs

Plane that runs across the body from the right side to the left side and divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) portions

Horizontal/Transverse Plane

AREA meaning UNDER the cartilage (of the ribs) *Left and right regions*

Hypochondriac regions

AREA meaning BELOW the stomach

Hypogastric region

Ili/o

Ilium (lateral, flaring portion of hip bone)

Endo-

In; within

Septic

Infection

Protective response of body tissues to irritation, infection, or allergy

Inflammation

-meter

Instrument for measuring ______________

Abbreviation for lateral

LAT, lat

Abbreviation for left lower quadrant

LLQ

Abbreviation for left upper quadrant

LUQ

Lumb/o

Loins (lower back)

Infer/o-

Lower; below

Fluor/o

Luminous; fluorescence

Abbreviation for magnetic resonance imaging

MRI

Radiographic procedure that uses electromagnetic energy to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of the body

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

3 major planes of the body?

Median (Midsagittal) Frontal (Coronal) Horizontal (Transverse)

Plane that lies exactly in the middle of the body and divides the body into two equal halves

Median/Midsagittal Plane

Medi/o-

Middle