Medical Terminology Chapter 8**

gastroduodenostomy

The establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach, & the duodenum.

hematemesis

Vomiting of blood

Crohn's disease

a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

ulcerative colitis

a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

hiatal hernia

a condition in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

cachexia

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

cheilosis

a disorder of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth; also known as cheilitis

antiemetic

a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

cirrhosis

a progressive degenerative disease of the liver that is often caused by excessive alcohol use or by viral hepatitis B or C

cholangiography

a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

botulism

a rare, but very serious , condition transmitted through contaminated food or an infected wound; also known as food poisoning

peristalsis

a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction

anastomosis

a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

gastrostmoy tube

a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body into the stomach

jaundice

a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes

ascites

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

cholangitis

acute infection of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

amebic dysentery

also known as amebiasis, is transmitted by food or water that is contaminated due to poor sanitary conditions

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance

bulimia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum

choledocholithotomy

an incision into the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones

enteritis

an inflammation of the small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens

herpes labialis

blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue that are caused by the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1); also known as cold sores or fever blisters

periodontium

consists of the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth

trismus

describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

stomatorrhagia

describes bleeding from any part of the mouth

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain)

eructation

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

bariatrics

the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

morbid obesity

the condition of weighing two to three times, or more, than the ideal weight or having a body mass index value greater than 39.

colonoscopy

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum

sigmoidoscopy

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

aerophagia

the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking, and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

diverticulitis

the inflammation of one or more diverticula in the colon

xerostomia

the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands; also known as dry mouth

ileus

the partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine

melena

the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools

diverticulosis

the presence of a number of diverticula in the colon

cholelithiasis

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

inguinal hernia

the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

emesis

the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth; also known as vomiting

regurgitation

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

proctopexy

the surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

volvulus

the twisting of the intestine on itself that causes an obstruction

gastroesophageal reflux disease

the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus; also known as GERD

salmonellosis

transmitted by food that is contaminated by feces; also known as salmonella

cholera

transmitted through contact with contaminated food or water

nasogastric intubation

..., the placement of a feeding tube through the nose and into the stomach

dysphagia

difficulty in swallowing

esophageal varices

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

obesity

excessive accumulation of fat in the body

aphthous ulcers

grey-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth; also known as canker sores or mouth ulcers

cholecystitis

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

hepatitis

inflammation of the liver

hyperemesis

is extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

Hemoccult test

lab test to detect hidden blood in the stools; also known as the fecal occult blood test

cholecystalgia

pain in the gallbladder

dyspepsia

pain or discomfort in digestion; also known as indigestion

borborygmus

rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine