medsurg exam 2

A patient comes to the clinic for the third time in 2 months with chronic bronchitis. What clinical symptoms does the nurse anticipate assessing for this patient? a) Fever, chills, and diaphoresis b) Tachypnea and tachycardia c) Chest pain during respiration d) Sputum and a productive cough

Sputum and a productive cough

A college student presents to the health clinical with signs and symptoms of viral rhinitis (common cold). The patient states, "I've felt terrible all week; what can I do to feel better?" Which of the following is the best response the nurse can give? a) "Antibiotics will be prescribed, which will make you feel better." b) "Have you tried a topic nasal decongestant; they work well." c) "You should rest, increase your fluids, and take Ibuprofen." d) "Your symptoms should go away soon, just try to get some rest."

"You should rest, increase your fluids, and take Ibuprofen."

Normally, approximately what percentage of the blood pumped by the right ventricle does not perfuse the alveolar capillaries? a) 4% b) 6% c) 8% d) 2%

2%

The nurse is educating a patient who will be started on an antituberculosis medication regimen. The patient asks the nurse, "How long will I have to be on these medications?" What should the nurse tell the patient? a) 6 to 12 months b) 3 months c) 3 to 5 months d) 13 to 18 months

6 to 12 months

A client recently diagnosed with laryngeal cancer and awaiting a laryngectomy was encouraged to attend a support group prior to surgery. The client asked the nurse about the name of the laryngeal speech method where the client speaks through the wall of the trachea with a device. The nurse is correct to provide teaching on which method? a) Esophageal speech b) A tracheoesophageal puncture c) An electric larynx d) An artificial voice box

A tracheoesophageal puncture

Following are statements regarding medications taken by a patient diagnosed with COPD. Choose which statements correctly match the drug name to the drug category. Select all that apply. a) Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic. b) Bactrim is a bronchodilator. c) Decadron is an antibiotic. d) Prednisone is a corticosteroid. e) Albuterol is a bronchodilator.

Albuterol is a bronchodilator. Ciprofloxacin is an antibiotic. Prednisone is a corticosteroid.

Understanding pulmonary physiology, you would expect which of the following to result in decreased gas exchange in older adults? a) Alveolar walls contain fewer capillaries. b) Pulmonary elasticity increases with age. c) Alveolar walls become thicker. d) Numbers of alveoli decrease with age.

Alveolar walls contain fewer capillaries

Which of the following occupy space in the thorax, but do not contribute to ventilation? a) Bullae b) Alveoli c) Lung parenchyma d) Mast cells

Bullae

Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a patient with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? (Select all that apply.) a) Decreased airflow b) Wheezes c) Jugular vein distention d) Ascites e) Compromised gas exchange

Compromised gas exchange Decreased airflow Wheezes

Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a patient with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? (Select all that apply.) a) Jugular vein distention b) Ascites c) Compromised gas exchange d) Decreased airflow e) Wheezes

Compromised gas exchange Decreased airflow Wheezes

When the nurse is assessing the older adult patient, what gerontologic changes in the respiratory system should the nurse be aware of? (Select all that apply.) a) Decreased alveolar duct diameter b) Decreased presence of mucus c) Increased presence of mucus d) Increased presence of collagen in alveolar walls e) Decreased gag reflex

Decreased gag reflex Increased presence of collagen in alveolar walls Decreased presence of mucus

Which of the following is an age-related change associated with the respiratory system? a) Decreased size of the airway b) Increased chest muscle mass c) Increased elasticity of alveolar sacs d) Decreased thickening of alveolar membranes

Decreased size of the airway

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports increased shortness of breath and fatigue for 1 hour after awakening in the morning. Which of the following statements by the nurse would best help with the client's shortness of breath and fatigue? a) "Sit in a chair whenever doing an activity." b) "Drink fluids upon arising from bed." c) "Raise your arms over your head." d) "Delay self-care activities for 1 hour."

Delay self-care activities for 1 hour.

A 23-year-old male client who has recently started working in a coal mine confides that he is concerned about his long-term health. The nurse instructs the client which of the following ways to prevent occupational lung disease? Select all that apply. a) Try to find another occupation as soon as possible. b) Do not smoke or quit smoking if currently smoking. c) Schedule an annual lung x-ray to monitor his health. d) Wear appropriate protective equipment when around airborne irritants and dusts.

Do not smoke or quit smoking if currently smoking. Wear appropriate protective equipment when around airborne irritants and dusts.

High or increased compliance occurs in which disease process? a) Emphysema b) Pneumothorax c) ARDS d) Pleural effusion

Emphysema

Which of the following is a common irritant that acts as a trigger of asthma? a) Esophageal reflux b) Peanuts c) Aspirin sensitivity d) Molds

Esophageal reflux

The nurse has instructed the client to use a peak flow meter. The nurse evaluates client learning as satisfactory when the client a) Inhales deeply and holds the breath b) Exhales hard and fast with a single blow c) Records in a diary the number achieved after one breath d) Sits in a straight-back chair and leans forward

Exhales hard and fast with a single blow

During a routine visit to the pulmonologist, a client is told to undergo a mediastinoscopy. After the physician leaves the room, the nurse enters and is asked about this procedure. How should the nurse respond? a) Inspection and examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi b) Injection of radioactive dye to measure the integrity of the lung's blood flow c) Exploration and biopsy of the lymph nodes that drain the lungs d) Aspiration of the fluid that has accumulated around the lungs

Exploration and biopsy of the lymph nodes that drain the lungs

A nurse has just completed teaching with a patient who has been prescribed a meter-dosed inhaler for the first time. Which of the following statements would the nurse use to initiate further teaching and follow-up care? a) "If I use the spacer, I know I am only supposed to push on the inhaler once." b) "I will make sure to take a slow, deep breath as I push on my inhaler." c) "After I breathe in, I will hold my breath for 10 seconds." d) "I do not need to rinse my mouth with this type of inhaler."

I do not need to rinse my mouth with this type of inhaler.

A client with symptoms of mild persistent asthma is now initiating treatment. Which of the following is the preferred therapy that the nurse will teach the client to use at home? a) Subcutaneous omalizumab (Xolair) b) Oral prednisone (Deltasone) c) Inhaled beclomethasone (Beconase) d) Oral sustained-release albuterol (Proventil)

Inhaled beclomethasone (Beconase)

Which diagnostic is more accurate in detecting malignancies than a CT scan? a) Pulmonary angiography b) Gallium scan c) MRI d) PET scan

PET scan

The nurse is assigned the care of a 30-year-old female patient diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which of the following nursing interventions will be included in the patient's plan of care? a) Discussing palliative care and end-of-life issues with the patient b) Performing chest physiotherapy as ordered c) Providing the patient with a low sodium diet d) Restricting oral intake to 1,000 mL/day

Performing chest physiotherapy as ordered

A patient is being treated for status asthmaticus. What danger sign does the nurse observe that can indicate impending respiratory failure? a) Metabolic acidosis b) Respiratory acidosis c) Metabolic alkalosis d) Respiratory alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

A nurse administers albuterol (Proventil), as ordered, to a client with emphysema. Which finding indicates that the drug is producing a therapeutic effect? a) Heart rate of 100 beats/minute b) Dilated and reactive pupils c) Urine output of 40 ml/hour d) Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute

Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/minute

A nursing instructor is discussing asthma and its complications with medical-surgical nursing students. Which of the following would the group identify as complications of asthma? Choose all that apply. a) Pertussis b) Atelectasis c) Status asthmaticus d) Respiratory failure e) Thoracentesis

Status asthmaticus Respiratory failure Atelectasis

Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of a pneumothorax? Select all that apply. a) Bilaterally equal breath sounds b) Asymmetry of chest movement c) Sudden chest pain d) Unilateral retractions e) Oxygen desaturation

Sudden chest pain Asymmetry of chest movement Unilateral retractions Oxygen desaturation

The nurse is assigned to care for a patient in the ICU who is diagnosed with status asthmaticus. Why does the nurse include fluid intake as being an important aspect of the plan of care? (Select all that apply.) a) To loosen secretions b) To facilitate expectoration c) To relieve bronchospasm d) To assist with the effectiveness of the corticosteroids e) To combat dehydration

To combat dehydration To loosen secretions To facilitate expectoration

Which of the following alveolar cells secrete surfactant? a) Type II b) Type IV c) Type III d) Type I

Type II

For a client with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which nursing action best promotes adequate gas exchange? a) Keeping the client in semi-Fowler's position b) Using a Venturi mask to deliver oxygen as ordered c) Encouraging the client to drink three glasses of fluid daily d) Administering a sedative as ordered

Using a Venturi mask to deliver oxygen as ordered

What dietary recommendations should a nurse provide a patient with a lung abscess? a) A diet with limited fat b) A diet rich in protein c) A diet low in calories d) A carbohydrate-dense diet

a diet rich in protein

The nurse working in the radiology clinic is assisting with a pulmonary angiography. The nurse knows that when monitoring clients after a pulmonary angiography, what should the physician be notified about? a) Flushed feeling in the client b) Absent distal pulses c) Raised temperature in the affected limb d) Excessive capillary refill

absent distal pulses

Which of the following types of lung cancer is the most prevalent carcinoma of the lung for both men and women? a) Large cell carcinoma b) Small cell carcinoma c) Squamous cell carcinoma d) Adenocarcinoma

adenocarcinoma

The nurse inspects the thorax of a patient with advanced emphysema. What does the nurse expect the chest configuration to be for this patient? a) Kyphoscoliosis b) Funnel chest c) Barrel chest d) Pigeon chest

barrel chest

During discharge teaching, a nurse is instructing a client about pneumonia. The client demonstrates his understanding of relapse when he states that he must: a) turn and reposition himself every 2 hours. b) follow up with the physician in 2 weeks. c) continue to take antibiotics for the entire 10 days. d) maintain fluid intake of 40 oz (1,200 ml) per day.

continue to take antibiotics for the entire 10 days.

The nurse is completing a physical assessment of a patient's trachea. The nurse inspects and palpates the trachea for which of the following? a) Color of the mucous membranes b) Evidence of exudate c) Deviation from the midline d) Evidence of muscle weakness

deviation from the midline

A client with emphysema is short of breath and using accessory muscles of respiration. The nurse recognizes that the client's dyspnea is caused by: 1. Spasm of the bronchi that traps the air 2. An increase in the vital capacity of the lungs 3. A too rapid expulsion of the air from the alveoli 4. Difficulty in expelling the air trapped in the alveoli

difficulty in expelling the air trapped in the alveoli

A client with an acute emphysemic episode is dyspneic and anxious. To decrease the dyspnea, the nurse's first action should be to: 1. Increase the oxygen to 6 L/min 2. Encourage the rhythmic breathing 3. Check vital signs/including BP 4. Have the client breathe into a paper bag.

encourage the rhythmic breathing

The nurse is caring for a client in the immediate post-thoracentesis period. In which position is the client placed? a) In the high Fowler's position b) Prone with a pillow under the head c) Lying on the unaffected side d) In the supine position

lying on the unaffected side

The volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath is termed which of the following? a) Residual volume b) Expiratory reserve volume c) Tidal volume d) Vital capacity

tidal volume

Emphysema is described by which of the following statements? a) Presence of cough and sputum production for at least a combined total of 2 to 3 months in each of two consecutive years b) A disease that results in a common clinical outcome of reversible airflow obstruction c) Chronic dilatation of a bronchus or bronchi d) A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli

A disease of the airways characterized by destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli

The nurse is instructing a patient who is scheduled for a perfusion lung scan. What should be included in the information about the procedure? (Select all that apply.) a) An injection will be placed into the lung during the procedure. b) The patient will be expected to be NPO for 12 hours prior to the procedure. c) The patient will be expected to lie under the camera. d) A mask will be placed over the nose and mouth during the test. e) The imaging time will amount to 20 to 40 minutes.

A mask will be placed over the nose and mouth during the test. The patient will be expected to lie under the camera. The imaging time will amount to 20 to 40 minutes.

The nurse working in the radiology clinic is assisting with a pulmonary angiography. The nurse knows that when monitoring clients after a pulmonary angiography, what should the physician be notified about? a) Flushed feeling in the client b) Raised temperature in the affected limb c) Excessive capillary refill d) Absent distal pulses

Absent Distal Pulses

Which of the following is a true statement regarding air pressure variances? a) The diaphragm contracts during inspiration. b) Air flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure during inspiration. c) The thoracic cavity becomes smaller during inspiration. d) Air is drawn through the trachea and bronchi into the alveoli during inspiration.

Air is drawn through the trachea and bronchi into the alveoli during inspiration.

When auscultating the chest of a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the nurse should usually expect to hear: 1. Diminished sounds 2. A pleural friction rub 3. Crackles and gurgles 4. An expiratory wheeze and cough

An expiratory wheeze and cough

The wife of a patient who was admitted 3 days ago with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) states that she is worried about her husband because he appears to be breathing "really hard." The nurse performs a respiratory assessment. Which of the following findings would indicate a need for further interventions? (Select all that apply.) a) Patient states, "It always seems like I just can't catch my breath." b) Pale, paper-thin skin, O2 at 2L/min via nasal cannula c) BP 122/82, HR 102, R 24, noted barrel chest d) BP 122/80, HR 116, R 24, pale and clammy skin, temp 101.3 degrees F

BP 122/80, HR 116, R 24, pale and clammy skin, temp 101.3 degrees F

The nurse is performing an assessment of a patient who arrived in the emergency department with a barbiturate overdose. The respirations are normal for 3 to 4 breaths followed by a 60-second period of apnea. How does the nurse document the respirations? a) Cheyne-Stokes b) Bradypnea c) Tachypnea d) Biot's respirations

Biot's respirations

The physician orders a beta-2 adrenergic agonist agent (bronchodilator) that is short-acting and administered only by inhaler. What medication does the nurse anticipate will be administered? a) Alupent b) Foradil c) Brethine d) Isuprel

Brethine

A client has asthma. Which of the following medications is a commonly prescribed mast cell stabilizer used for asthma? a) Albuterol b) Cromolyn sodium c) Theophylline d) Budesonide

Cromolyn sodium

Upon assessment, the nurse suspects that a patient with COPD may have bronchospasm. What manifestations validate the nurse's concern? (Select all that apply.) a) Jugular vein distention b) Decreased airflow c) Wheezes d) Compromised gas exchange e) Ascites

Decreased airflow Wheezes Compromised gas exchange

What is the reason for chest tubes after thoracic surgery? a) Draining secretions, air, and blood from the thoracic cavity is necessary. b) Chest tubes allow air into the pleural space. c) Chest tubes indicate when the lungs have re-expanded by ceasing to bubble. d) Draining secretions and blood while allowing air to remain in the thoracic cavity is necessary.

Draining secretions, air, and blood from the thoracic cavity is necessary.

A client has a red pharyngeal membrane, reddened tonsils, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes. The client also reports malaise and sore throat. The nurse needs to assess first for: a) Fever b) Myalgias c) Nausea d) Headache

Fever

The nurse is instructing the client on the normal sensations, which can occur when contrast medium is infused during pulmonary angiography. Which statement, made by the client, demonstrates an understanding? a) "I will feel light-headed when the contrast medium is introduced." b) "I will feel warm and an urge to cough." c) "I will feel a dull pain when the catheter is introduced." d) "I will feel waves of nausea throughout the procedure."

I will feel warm and an urge to cough

A nurse is assisting a client with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to set a goal related to the condition. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for this client? a) Increase walking distance around a city block without shortness of breath. b) Maintain activity level of walking to the mailbox. c) Continue with current level of mobility at home. d) Relieve shortness of breath to a level as close as possible to tolerable.

Increase walking distance around a city block without shortness of breath

A nursing student understands the importance of the psychosocial aspects of disease processes. When working with a patient with COPD, the student would rank which of the following nursing diagnoses as the MOST important when analyzing the psychosocial effects? a) High risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen management related to lack of knowledge b) Ineffective coping related to anxiety c) Disturbed sleep pattern related to cough d) Activity intolerance related to fatigue

Ineffective coping related to anxiety

The nurse is instructing the patient on the collection of a sputum specimen. What should be included in the instructions? (Select all that apply.) a) Rinse with mouthwash prior to providing the specimen. b) Take a few deep breaths before coughing. c) Initially, clear the nose and throat. d) Spit surface mucus and saliva into a sterile specimen container. e) Use diaphragmatic contractions to aid in the expulsion of sputum.

Initially, clear the nose and throat. Take a few deep breaths before coughing. Use diaphragmatic contractions to aid in the expulsion of sputum.

A physician has ordered that a client with suspected lung cancer undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The nurse explains the benefits of this study to the client. Included in teaching would be which of the following regarding the MRI? a) Tumor densities can be seen with radiolucent images. b) MRI can view soft tissues and can help stage cancers. c) Narrow-beam x-ray can scan successive lung layers. d) Lung blood flow can be viewed after a radiopaque agent is injected.

MRI can view soft tissues and can help stage cancers

The nurse is caring for a patient with a diagnosis of hyponatremia. What nursing intervention is appropriate to include in the plan of care for this patient? (Select all that apply.) a) Monitoring neurologic status b) Encouraging the use of salt substitute instead of salt c) Assessing for symptoms of nausea and malaise d) Encouraging the intake of low-sodium liquids e) Restricting tap water intake

Monitoring neurologic status Assessing for symptoms of nausea and malaise Restricting tap water intake

A patient has been involved in a traumatic accident and is hemorrhaging from multiple sites. The nurse expects that the compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause what clinical manifestations? (Select all that apply.) a) Tachypnea b) Tachycardia c) Hypertension d) Oliguria e) Bradycardia

Oliguria Tachycardia Tachypnea

The nurse is reviewing the blood gas results for a patient with pneumonia. What arterial blood gas measurement best reflects the adequacy of alveolar ventilation? a) pH b) PaCO2 c) PaO2 d) SaO2

PaCO2

e nurse is reviewing the blood gas results for a patient with pneumonia. What arterial blood gas measurement best reflects the adequacy of alveolar ventilation? a) SaO2 b) PaCO2 c) PaO2 d) pH

PaCO2

A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of a knifelike pain when taking a deep breath. What does this type of pain likely indicate to the nurse? a) Lung infarction b) Bronchogenic carcinoma c) Bacterial pneumonia d) Pleurisy

Pleurisy

The client is prescribed albuterol (Ventolin) 2 puffs as a metered-dose inhaler. The nurse evaluates client learning as satisfactory when the client a) Immediately repeats the second puff after the first puff b) Carefully holds the inhaler upright without shaking it c) Holds the breath for 5 seconds after administering the medication d) Positions the inhaler 1 to 2 inches away from his open mouth

Positions the inhaler 1 to 2 inches away from his open mouth

A patient presents to the ED experiencing symptoms of COPD exacerbation. The nurse understands there are goals of therapy that are achieved to improve the patient's condition. Which of the following are therapy goals? Select all that apply. a) Treat the underlying cause of the event. b) Provide long-term support for medical management. c) Provide medical support for the current exacerbation. d) Return the patient to his original functioning abilities. e) Teach the patient to suspend activity.

Provide medical support for the current exacerbation. Treat the underlying cause of the event. Return the patient to his original functioning abilities. Provide long-term support for medical management.

Choice Multiple question - Select all answer choices that apply. A client with an intravenous infusion is rubbing his arm. The nurse assesses the site and decides to discontinue the current infusion because of concern that the client has developed phlebitis. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse assess with phlebitis? Select all that apply. a) Cool area around the insertion site b) Rapid, shallow respirations c) Reddended area along the path of the vein d) Tender area around the insertion site e) Ecchymosis at the insertion site

Reddended area along the path of the vein Tender area around the insertion site

A client with chronic bronchitis is admitted to the health facility. Auscultation of the lungs reveals low-pitched, rumbling sounds. Which of the following describes these sounds? a) Rhonchi b) Pleural friction rub c) Crackles d) Bronchial

Rhonchi

A client with chronic bronchitis is admitted to the health facility. Auscultation of the lungs reveals low-pitched, rumbling sounds. Which of the following describes these sounds? a) Venous hum b) Rales c) Rhonchi d) Bronchovesicular

Rhonchi

The nurse is teaching the client about use of the pictured item with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). The nurse instructs the client as follows: (Select all that apply.) a) Use normal inhalations with the device. b) Take a slow, deep inhalation from the device. c) The device may increase delivery of the MDI medication. d) Activate the MDI once. e) It is not necessary to hold your breath after using.

Take a slow, deep inhalation from the device. Activate the MDI once. The device may increase delivery of the MDI medication.

You are studying for a physiology test about the respiratory system. What should you know about central chemoreceptors in the medulla? a) They respond to changes in CO2 levels and hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) in the cerebrospinal fluid. b) They respond to changes in CO2 levels in the brain. c) They respond to changes in the O2 levels in the brain. d) They respond to changes in O2 levels and bicarbonate levels in the atmosphere.

They respond to changes in CO2 levels and hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) in the cerebrospinal fluid.

You are studying for a physiology test over the respiratory system. What should you know about central chemoreceptors in the medulla? a) They respond to changes in the O2 levels in the brain. b) They respond to changes in O2 levels and bicarbonate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. c) They respond to changes in CO2 levels and hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) in the cerebrospinal fluid. d) They respond to changes in CO2 levels in the brain.

They respond to changes in CO2 levels and hydrogen ion concentrations (pH) in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Which of the following are risk factors for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Select all that apply. a) Infection b) Tobacco smoke c) Occupational dust d) Second-hand smoke e) Air pollution

Tobacco smoke Occupational dust Air pollution Infection Second-hand smoke

A 53-year-old male is a regular client in the respiratory group where you practice nursing. As with all adults, millions of alveoli form most of the pulmonary mass. The squamous epithelial cells lining each alveolus consist of different types of cells. Which type of the alveoli cells produce surfactant? a) Type II cells b) Type I cells c) Type III cells. d) Type IV cells.

Type II

The nurse is performing chest auscultation for a patient with asthma. How does the nurse describe the high-pitched, sibilant, musical sounds that are heard? a) Rales b) Wheezes c) Crackles d) Rhonchi

Wheezes

You are an ICU nurse caring for a client who was admitted with a diagnosis of smoke inhalation. You know that this client is at increased risk for which of the following? a) Bronchitis b) Acute respiratory distress syndrome c) Tracheobronchitis d) Lung cancer

acute respiratory distress syndrome

client with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is scheduled for a thoracentesis. Which nursing intervention would be appropriate for client saftey? a) Applying oxygen via nasal cannula b) Administering a prn cough suppressant c) Assisting the client to a prone position d) Obtaining arterial blood gas values immediately after the procedure

administering a prn cough suppressant

The nurse is assessing a patient who smokes 2 packs of cigarettes per day and has a strong family history of cancer. What early sign of cancer of the larynx does the nurse look for in this patient? a) Affected voice sounds b) Enlarged cervical nodes c) Burning of the throat when hot liquids are ingested d) Dysphagia

affected voice sounds

A patient has herpes simplex infection that developed after having the common cold. What medication does the nurse anticipate will be administered for this infection? a) An antibiotic such as amoxicillin b) An ointment such as bacitracin c) An antihistamine such as Benadryl d) An antiviral agent such as acyclovir

an antiviral agent such as cyclovir

The nurse is interviewing a patient who says he has a dry, irritating cough that is not "bringing anything up." What medication should the nurse question the patient about taking? a) Bronchodilators b) Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors c) Cardiac glycosides d) Aspirin

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

The nurse is caring for clients on the neurological unit. Which triad of neurological mechanisms does the nurse identify as most responsible when there is abnormality in ventilation control? a) Aortic arch, pons, and CO2 receptor sites b) Pons, cerebellum, and oxygen receptors c) Medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and heart rate d) Medulla oblongata, mitral valve, and central receptors

aortic arch, pons, and CO2 receptor sites

The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the ED with an uncomplicated nasal fracture. Nasal packing has been completed. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the patient's care? a) Position the patient in the side-lying position. b) Apply an ice pack. c) Restrict fluid intake. d) Apply pressure to the convex of the nose.

apply an ice pack

A client comes into the Emergency Department with epistaxis. What intervention should you perform when caring for a client with epistaxis? a) Apply a moustache dressing. b) Apply direct continuous pressure. c) Provide a nasal splint. d) Place the client in a semi-Fowler's position.

apply direct continuous pressure

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with pneumonia. The nurse will assess the patient for tactile fremitus by completing which of the following? a) Placing the thumbs along the costal margin of the chest wall and instructing the patient to inhale deeply b) Asking the patient to repeat "ninety-nine" as the nurse's hands move down the patient's thorax c) Asking the patient to say "one, two, three" while auscultating the lungs d) Instructing the patient to take a deep breath and hold it while the diaphragm is percussed

asking the patient to "ninety-nine" as the nurse's hands move down the patient's thorax

A nurse is preparing a client with a pleural effusion for a thoracentesis. The nurse should: a) raise the head of the bed to a high Fowler's position. b) assist the client to a sitting position on the edge of the bed, leaning over the bedside table. c) raise the arm on the side of the client's body on which the physician will perform the thoracentesis. d) place the client supine in the bed, which is flat.

assist the client to a sitting position on the edge of the bead, leaning over the beside table

The nurse is caring for a patient complaining of chest discomfort. The patient's admitting diagnosis is left lower lobe pneumonia. Which of the following strategies will the nurse instruct the patient to use to help alleviate the discomfort? a) Request narcotic medication when pain is experienced b) Lying on the right side c) Complete deep breathing exercises when chest discomfort occurs d) Assume a left side-lying position while in bed

assume a left side lying position while in bed

A patient with newly diagnosed emphysema is admitted to the medical-surgical unit for evaluation. Which of the following does the nurse recognize is a deformity of the chest wall that occurs as a result of overinflation of the lungs in this patient population? a) Pigeon chest b) Kyphoscoliosis c) Funnel chest d) Barrel chest

barrel chest

Which assessment finding would be most consistent with advanced emphysema? a) Aortic bruit b) Dependent edema c) Epigastric pain d) Barrel-shaped chest

barrel-shaped chest

A victim has sustained a blunt force trauma to the chest. A pulmonary contusion is suspected. Which of the following clinical manifestations correlate with a moderate pulmonary contusion? a) Respiratory alkalosis b) Bradypnea c) Productive cough d) Blood-tinged sputum

blood tinged sputum

A victim has sustained a blunt force trauma to the chest. A pulmonary contusion is suspected. Which of the following clinical manifestations correlate with a moderate pulmonary contusion? a) Bradypnea b) Respiratory alkalosis c) Blood-tinged sputum d) Productive cough

blood-tinged sputum

In a patient diagnosed with increased intracranial pressure (IICP), the nurse would expect to observe which of the following respiratory rate or depth? a) Tachypnea b) Bradypnea c) Hyperventilation d) Hypoventilation

bradypnea

A nurse is performing a respiratory assessment on a client with pneumonia. She asks the client to say "ninety-nine" several times. Through her stethoscope, she hears the words clearly over his left lower lobe. What term should the nurse use to document this finding? a) Egophony b) Tactile fremitus c) Crepitation d) Bronchophony

bronchophony

Which of the following is the most important risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? a) Genetic abnormalities b) Air pollution c) Cigarette smoking d) Occupational exposure

cigarette smoking

A client presents with severe diarrhea and a history of chronic renal failure to the emergency department. Arterial blood gas results are as follows: pH 7.30 PaO2 97 PaCO2 37 HCO3 18 The nurse would expect which of the following sets of assessment findings? a) Blood pressure 188/120, nausea, vomiting b) Headache, blood pressure 90/54, dry skin c) Confusion, respiratory rate 8 breaths/min, dry skin d) Clammy skin, blood pressure 86/46, headache

clammy skin, blood pressure 86/46, headache

A nurse would question the accuracy of a pulse oximetry evaluation in which of the following conditions? a) A client experiencing hypothermia b) A client sitting in a chair after prolonged bed rest c) A client receiving oxygen therapy via Venturi mask d) A client on a ventilator with PEEP

client experiencing hypothermia

A client arrives at the physician's office stating 2 days of febrile illness, dyspnea, and cough. Upon assisting the client into a gown, the nurse notes that the client's sternum is depressed, especially on inspiration. Crackles are noted in the bases of the lung fields. Based on inspection, which will the nurse document? a) The client has pneumonia in the bases. b) The client has chronic respiratory disease. c) The client has a funnel chest. d) The client needs a cough suppressant.

client has a funnel chest

Which of the findings of the nurse would indicate chronic hypoxemia? 1) clubbing of the fingers 2) crackles 3) cyanosis 4) peripheral edema

clubbing of the fingers

The nurse auscultates crackles in a patient with a respiratory disorder. With what disorder would crackles be commonly heard? a) Pulmonary fibrosis b) Asthma c) Collapsed alveoli d) Bronchospasm

collapsed alveoli

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complains of weight gain of 5 lbs in 1 week. The complication that may have precipitated this weight gain is: 1. Polycythemia 2. Cor pulmonale 3. Left ventricular failure 4. Compensated acidosis

cor pulmonale

A client arrives in the emergency department reporting shortness of breath. She has 3+ pitting edema below the knees, a respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute, and heaving respirations. The nurse auscultates the client's lungs to reveal coarse, moist, high-pitched, and non-continuous sounds that do not clear with coughing. The nurse will document these sounds as which type? a) Wheezes b) Rhonchi c) Crackles d) Pleural rub

crackles

The nurse is auscultating the patient's lung sounds to determine the presence of pulmonary edema. What adventitious lung sounds are significant for pulmonary edema? a) Crackles in the lung bases b) Sibilant wheezes c) Pleural friction rub d) Low-pitched rhonchi during expiration

crackles in the lung bases

While caring for a client with a chest tube, which nursing assessment would alert the nurse to a possible complication? a) Bloody drainage is seemed in the collection chamber. b) Crackling is heard when skin around tube is touched. c) Absence of bloody drainage in the anterior/upper tube d) Skin around tube is pink.

crackling is heard when skin around tube is touched

The nurse is assessing a patient in respiratory failure. What finding is a late indicator of hypoxia? a) Crackles b) Cyanosis c) Restlessness d) Clubbing of fingers

cyanosis

The nurse is caring for a patient with a pulmonary disorder. What observation by the nurse is indicative of a very late symptom of hypoxia? a) Dyspnea b) Confusion c) Restlessness d) Cyanosis

cyanosis

Which of the following ventilation-perfusion ratios is exhibited when a patient is diagnosed with pulmonary emboli? a) Silent unit b) Dead space c) Normal perfusion to ventilation ratio d) Low ventilation-perfusion ratio

dead space

When assessing a client with COPD pulmonary disease, the nurse should expect to find: 1. Decreased breathe sounds 2. Atrophic accessory muscles 3. A shortened expiratory phase 4. The A-P diameter to be decreased

decreased breathe sounds

An elderly client is diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. Upset and tearful, he asks the nurse how long he must be separated from his family. Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for this client? a) Social isolation b) Anxiety c) Deficient knowledge (disease process and treatment regimen) d) Impaired social interaction

deficiet knowledge

A nurse is assisting with a subclavian vein central line insertion when the client's oxygen saturation drops rapidly. He complains of shortness of breath and becomes tachypneic. The nurse suspects the client has developed a pneumothorax. Further assessment findings supporting the presence of a pneumothorax include: a) diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side. b) paradoxical chest wall movement with respirations. c) tracheal deviation to the unaffected side. d) muffled or distant heart sounds.

diminished or absent breath sounds on the affected side

The nurse is caring for a patient with a serum potassium level of 6.0 mEq/L. The patient is ordered to receive oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexelate) and furosemide (Lasix). What other orders should the nurse anticipate giving? a) Discontinue the IV lactated Ringer's solution. b) Change the lactated Ringer's solution to 2.5% dextrose. c) Change the lactated Ringer's solution to 3% saline. d) Increase the rate of the IV lactated Ringer's solution.

discontinue the IV lactated Ringer's solution

A nurse is preparing a client for bronchoscopy. Which instruction should the nurse give to the client? a) Don't cough. b) Don't talk. c) Don't walk. d) Don't eat.

don't eat

A client arrives at the physician's office stating dyspnea; a productive cough for thick, green sputum; respirations of 28 breaths/minute, and a temperature of 102.8° F. The nurse auscultates the lung fields, which reveal poor air exchange in the right middle lobe. The nurse suspects a right middle lobe pneumonia. To be consistent with this anticipated diagnosis, which sound, heard over the chest wall when percussing, is anticipated? a) Hyperresonant b) Dull c) Resonant d) Tympanic

dull

A client arrives at the physician's office stating dyspnea; a productive cough for thick, green sputum; respirations of 28 breaths/minute, and a temperature of 102.8° F. The nurse auscultates the lung fields, which reveal poor air exchange in the right middle lobe. The nurse suspects a right middle lobe pneumonia. To be consistent with this anticipated diagnosis, which sound, heard over the chest wall when percussing, is anticipated? a) Tympanic b) Resonant c) Hyperresonant d) Dull

dull

You are an occupational nurse completing routine assessments on the employees where you work. What might be revealed by a chest radiograph for a client with occupational lung diseases? a) Damage to surrounding tissues b) Fibrotic changes in lungs c) Lung contusion d) Hemorrhage

fibrotic changes in lungs

You are an occupational health nurse in a large ceramic manufacturing company. How would you intervene to prevent occupational lung disease in the employees of the company? a) Give workshops on disease prevention. b) Insist on adequate breaks for each employee. c) Provide employees with smoking cessation materials. d) Fit all employees with protective masks.

fit all employees with protective masks

A nurse is obtaining a health history from a client who reports hemoptysis for the past 2 months. The client reports occasional dyspnea. Which imaging study, ordered by the physician, will view the thoracic cavity while in motion? a) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b) Computed tomography (CT) scan c) Chest x-ray d) Fluoroscopy

fluoroscopy

A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tells a nurse that he feels short of breath. The client's respiratory rate is 36 breaths/minute and the nurse auscultates diffuse wheezes. His arterial oxygen saturation is 84%. The nurse calls the assigned respiratory therapist to administer an ordered nebulizer treatment. The therapist says, "I have several more nebulizer treatments to do on the unit where I am now. As soon as I'm finished, I'll come and assess the client." The nurse's most appropriate action is to: a) notify the primary physician immediately. b) administer the treatment by metered-dose inhaler. c) give the nebulizer treatment herself. d) stay with the client until the therapist arrives.

give the nebulizer treatment herself.

An obese adult who smokes 3 packs of cigarettes daily is admitted for major abdominal surgery. Post-operatively, the most appropriate lab value that the nurse should monitor routinely that would reflect the client's respiratory status is the: 1. pO2 2. pCO2 3. Oxygen saturation 4. Hemoglobin

hemoglobin

A nurse is concerned that a client may develop postoperative atelectasis. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate if this complication occurs? a) Impaired gas exchange b) Ineffective airway clearance c) Impaired spontaneous ventilation d) Decreased cardiac output

impaired gas exchange

Which of the following is an age-related change associated with the lung? a) Increased thickness of the alveolar membranes b) Increased elasticity of alveolar sacs c) Decreased collagen of alveolar membranes d) Decreased diameter of alveoli ducts

increased thickness of the alveolar membranes

Which of the following is an age-related change associated with the lung? a) Increased thickness of the alveolar membranes b) Decreased diameter of alveoli ducts c) Increased elasticity of alveolar sacs d) Decreased collagen of alveolar membranes

increased thickness of the alveolar membranes

A nursing diagnosis for a client with bronchial pneumonia is "ineffective airway clearance related to retained secretions. Intervention to decrease retained secretions should include: 1. Administering oxygen as ordered 2. Gargling deeply with warm normal saline 3. Placing the client in a high fowler's position 4. Increasing fluid intake to at least 2,000 ml/day

increasing fluid intake to at least least 2,000 ml/day

The client, with a lower respiratory airway infection, is presenting with the following symptoms: fever, chills, dry hacking cough, and wheezing. Which nursing diagnosis best supports the assessment by the nurse? a) Ineffective Airway Clearance b) Risk for Infection c) Ineffective Breathing Pattern d) Impaired Gas Exchange

ineffective airway clearance

The nursing instructor is talking with senior nursing students about diagnostic procedures used in respiratory diseases. The instructor discusses thoracentesis, defining it as a procedure performed for diagnostic purposes or to aspirate accumulated excess fluid or air from the pleural space. What would the instructor tell the students purulent fluid indicates? a) Infection b) Heart failure c) Inflammation d) Cancer

infection

A client who underwent surgery 12 hours ago has difficulty breathing. He has petechiae over his chest and complains of acute chest pain. What action should the nurse take first? a) Initiate oxygen therapy. b) Perform nasopharyngeal suctioning. c) Administer a heparin bolus and begin an infusion at 500 units/hour. d) Administer analgesics as ordered.

initiate oxygen therapy

Which respiratory volume is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after maximal expiration? a) Expiratory reserve volume b) Tidal volume c) Inspiratory reserve volume d) Residual volume

inspiratory reserve volume

Which respiratory volume is the maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after maximal expiration? a) Tidal volume b) Residual volume c) Expiratory reserve volume d) Inspiratory reserve volume

inspiratory reserve volume

You are a nurse in the radiology unit of your hospital. You are caring for a client who is scheduled for a lung scan. You know that lung scans need the use of radioisotopes and a scanning machine. Before the perfusion scan, what must the client be assessed for? a) Dysrhythmias b) Bleeding c) Inflammation d) Iodine allergy

iodine allergy

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration? a) It contracts and flattens. b) It contracts and raises. c) It relaxes and flattens. d) It relaxes and raises.

it contracts and flattens

A nurse is assessing a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. Which finding requires further action? a) Weight loss b) Tetanic contractions c) Polyuria d) Jugular vein distention

jugular vein distention

A patient presents to the ED complaining of severe coughing episodes. The patient states the "episodes are more intense at night." The nurse should suspect which of the following conditions based on the patient's primary complaint? a) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) b) Left-sided heart failure c) Emphysema d) Bronchitis

left side heart failure

A client has a nursing diagnosis of "ineffective airway clearance" as a result of excessive secretions. An appropriate outcome for this client would be which of the following? a) Lungs are clear on auscultation. b) Client reports no chest pain. c) Respiratory rate is 12 to 18 breaths per minute. d) Client can perform incentive spirometry.

lungs are clear on auscultation

A thoracentesis is performed to obtain a sample of pleural fluid or a biopsy specimen from the pleural wall for diagnostic purposes. What does bloody fluid indicate? a) Trauma b) Emphysema c) Infection d) Malignancy

malignancy

The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled for a bronchoscopy. The nurse understands that it is important to provide the required information and appropriate explanations for any diagnostic procedure to a patient with a respiratory disorder in order to do which of the following? a) Ensure adequate rest periods b) Aid the caregivers of the patient c) Manage respiratory distress d) Manage decreased energy levels

manage decreased energy levels

Histamine, a mediator that supports the inflammatory process in asthma, is secreted by a) Lymphocytes b) Eosiniphils c) Mast cells d) Neutrophils

mast cells

A client who is admitted with emphysema has a pCO2 of 60. The nurse, noting this is excessively high, calls the physician to obtain an order for: 1. Mucolytics 2. Bronchodilators 3. Mechanical ventilation 4. Intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)

mechanical ventilation

The classification of Stage I of COPD is defined as a) mild COPD. b) very severe COPD. c) at risk for COPD. d) severe COPD.

mild COPD

A black client with asthma seeks emergency care for acute respiratory distress. Because of this client's dark skin, the nurse should assess for cyanosis by inspecting the: a) lips. b) nail beds. c) mucous membranes. d) earlobes.

mucous membranes

Upon palpation of the sinus area, what would the nurse identify as a normal finding? a) No sensation during palpation b) Tenderness during palpation c) Pain sensation behind the eyes d) Light not going through the sinus cavity

no sensation during palpation

A client is receiving moderate sedation while undergoing bronchoscopy. Which assessment finding should the nurse attend to immediately? a) Oxygen saturation of 90% b) Absent cough and gag reflexes c) Blood-tinged secretions d) Respiratory rate of 13 breaths/min

oxygen saturation of 90%

A nurse assesses arterial blood gas results for a patient in acute respiratory failure (ARF). Which of the following results are consistent with this disorder? a) pH 7.36, PaCO2 32 mm Hg b) pH 7.46, PaO2 80 mm Hg c) pH 7.35, PaCO2 48 mm Hg d) pH 7.28, PaO2 50 mm Hg

pH 7.28, PaO2 50 mm Hg

The nurse's physical assessment of a client with heart failure reveals tachypnea and bilateral crackles. The nurse should: 1. Initiate oxygen therapy 2. Assess for a pleural friction rub 3. Obtain a chest x-ray film immediately 4. Place the client in a fowlers position

place the client in a fowlers position

The nurse auscultates lung sounds that are harsh and cracking, sounding like two pieces of leather being rubbed together. The nurse would be correct in documenting this finding as a) sonorous wheezes. b) crackles. c) pleural friction rub. d) sibilant wheezes.

pleural friction rub

A patient comes to the emergency department complaining of a knifelike pain when taking a deep breath. What does this type of pain likely indicate to the nurse? a) Pleurisy b) Bacterial pneumonia c) Lung infarction d) Bronchogenic carcinoma

pleurisy

A client who has just had a triple-lumen catheter placed in his right subclavian vein complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. His blood pressure is decreased from baseline and, on auscultation of his chest, the nurse notes unequal breath sounds. A chest X-ray is immediately ordered by the physician. What diagnosis should the nurse suspect? a) Myocardial infarction (MI) b) Pulmonary embolism c) Heart failure d) Pneumothorax

pneumothorax

A client who has just had a triple-lumen catheter placed in his right subclavian vein complains of chest pain and shortness of breath. His blood pressure is decreased from baseline and, on auscultation of his chest, the nurse notes unequal breath sounds. A chest X-ray is immediately ordered by the physician. What diagnosis should the nurse suspect? a) Pulmonary embolism b) Heart failure c) Pneumothorax d) Myocardial infarction (MI)

pneuomothorax

A patient suspected of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is experiencing anxiety and agitation due to increasing hypoxemia and dyspnea. A nurse would implement which of the following interventions to improve oxygenation and provide comfort for the patient? a) Assist the patient up to a chair b) Force fluids for the next 24 hours c) Position the patient in the prone position d) Administer small doses of pancuronium (Pavulon)

position the patient in the prone position

Pink frothy sputum may be an indication of a) a lung abscess. b) an infection. c) bronchiectasis. d) pulmonary edema.

pulmonary edema

The clinical finding of pink frothy sputum may be an indication of which of the following? a) Pulmonary edema b) An infection c) Bronchiectasis d) A lung abscess

pulmonary edema

Which diagnostic is the most accurate in assessing acute airway obstruction? a) Chest x-ray b) Pulmonary function studies c) Arterial blood gases (ABGs) d) Pulse oximetry

pulmonary function studies

A client presents to a physician's office complaining of dyspnea with exertion, weakness, and coughing up blood. Further examination reveals peripheral edema, crackles, and jugular vein distention. The nurse anticipates the physician will make which diagnosis? a) Pulmonary hypertension b) Pulmonary tuberculosis c) Empyema d) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

pulmonary hypertension

The nurse is caring for a client whose respiratory status has declined since shift report. The client has tachypnea, is restless, and displays cyanosis. Which diagnostic test should be assessed first? a) Chest x-ray b) Pulse oximetry c) Arterial blood gases d) Pulmonary function test

pulse oximetry

A student nurse is working with a client who is diagnosed with head trauma. The nurse has documented Cheyne-Stokes respirations. The student would expect to see which of the following? a) Period of cessation of breathing b) Periods of normal breathing followed by periods of apnea c) Irregular breathing at 14 to 18 breaths per minute d) Regular breathing where the rate and depth increase, then decrease

regular breathing where the rate and depth increase, then decrease

A nurse is reviewing arterial blood gas results on an assigned client. The pH is 7.32 with PCO2 of 49 mm Hg and a HCO3−of 28 mEq/L. The nurse reports to the physician which finding? a) Metabolic acidosis b) Metabolic alkalosis c) Respiratory alkalosis d) Respiratory acidosis

respiratory acidosis

As status asthmaticus worsens, the nurse would expect which acid-base imbalance? a) Metabolic alkalosis b) Respiratory alkalosis c) Metabolic acidosis d) Respiratory acidosis

respiratory acidosis

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The client calls the doctor and states having difficulty breathing and overall feeling fatigued. The nurse realizes that this client is at high risk for which condition? a) Metabolic alkalosis b) Respiratory alkalosis c) Metabolic acidosis d) Respiratory acidosis

respiratory acidosis

A client is placed on a ventilator. Because hyperventilation can occur when mechanical ventilation is used, the nurse should monitor the client for signs of: 1. Hypoxia 2. Hypercapnia 3. Metabolic acidosis 4. Respiratory alkalosis

respiratory alkalosis

The nurse is caring for a patient with status asthmaticus in the intensive care unit (ICU). What does the nurse anticipate observing for the blood gas results related to hyperventilation for this patient? a) Metabolic alkalosis b) Respiratory alkalosis c) Metabolic acidosis d) Respiratory acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

A client with chronic bronchitis is admitted to the health facility. Auscultation of the lungs reveals low-pitched, rumbling sounds. Which of the following describes these sounds? a) Pleural friction rub b) Rhonchi c) Bronchial d) Crackles

rhonchi

After 48 hours, a Mantoux test is evaluated. At the site, there is a 10 mm induration. This finding would be considered: a) Negative b) Significant c) Nonreactive d) Not significant

significant

Which ventilation-perfusion ratio is exhibited by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? a) Silent unit b) Low ventilation-perfusion ratio c) Normal ratio of perfusion to ventilation d) Dead space

silent unit

In which position should the patient be placed for a thoracentesis? a) Lateral recumbent b) Prone c) Sitting on the edge of the bed d) Supine

sitting on the edge of the bed

The nurse receives an order to obtain a sputum sample from a client with hemoptysis. When advising the client of the physician's order, the client states not being able to produce sputum. Which suggestion, offered by the nurse, is helpful in producing the sputum sample? a) Use the secretions present in the oral cavity. b) Tickle the back of the throat to produce the gag reflex. c) Take deep breaths and cough forcefully. d) Drink 8 oz of water to thin the secretions for expectoration.

take deep breaths and cough forcefully

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client with asthma. Which teaching point has the highest priority? a) Change filters on heating and air conditioning units frequently. b) Take ordered medications as scheduled. c) Avoid contact with fur-bearing animals. d) Avoid goose down pillows.

take ordered medications as scheduled

A client arrives at the physician's office stating 2 days of febrile illness, dyspnea, and cough. Upon assisting the client into a gown, the nurse notes that the client's sternum is depressed, especially on inspiration. Crackles are noted in the bases of the lung fields. Based on inspection, which will the nurse document? a) The client has a funnel chest. b) The client has pneumonia in the bases. c) The client has chronic respiratory disease. d) The client needs a cough suppressant.

the client has a funnel chest

he body of a critically ill client may use which of the following homeostatic mechanisms to maintain normal pH? a) The lungs retain more CO2 to lower the pH. b) The lungs increase respiratory volume. c) The lungs eliminate carbonic acid by blowing off more CO2. d) The kidneys retain more HCO3 to raise the pH.

the lungs eliminate carbonic acid by blowing off more CO2

Perfusion refers to blood supply to the lungs, through which the lungs receive nutrients and oxygen. What are the two methods of perfusion? a) The two methods of perfusion are the bronchial and capillary circulation. b) The two methods of perfusion are the bronchial and pulmonary circulation. c) The two methods of perfusion are the bronchial and alveolar circulation. d) The two methods of perfusion are the alveolar and pulmonary circulation.

the methods of perfusion are the bronchial and pulmonary circulation

The client is returning from the operating room following a broncho scopy. Which action, performed by the nursing assistant, would the nurse stop if began prior to nursing assessment? a) The nursing assistant is assisting the client to the side of the bed to use a urinal. b) The nursing assistant is asking a question requiring a verbal response. c) The nursing assistant is assisting the client to a semi-Fowler's position. d) The nursing assistant is pouring a glass of water to wet the client's mouth.

the nursing assistant is pouring a glass of water to wet the client's mouth

In relation to the structure of the larynx, the cricoid cartilage is which of the following? a) The valve flap of cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing b) The only complete cartilaginous ring in the larynx c) The largest of the cartilage structures d) Used in vocal cord movement with the thyroid cartilage

the only complete cartilaginous ring in the larynx

A client experiences a head injury in a motor vehicle accident. The client's level of consciousness is declining, and respirations have become slow and shallow. When monitoring a client's respiratory status, which area of the brain would the nurse realize is responsible for the rate and depth? a) Wernicke's area b) The frontal lobe c) Central sulcus d)the pons

the pons

A client with a suspected pulmonary disorder undergoes pulmonary function tests. To interpret test results accurately, the nurse must be familiar with the terminology used to describe pulmonary functions. Which term refers to the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during each respiratory cycle? a) Maximal voluntary ventilation b) Functional residual capacity c) Vital capacity d) Tidal volume

tidal volume

A nurse is caring for a client who has frequent upper respiratory infections. Which structure is most helpful in protecting against infection? a) Cilia b) Turbinates c) Sinus cavity d) Tonsils

tonsils

Knowing respiratory physiology is important to understand how the disease process can work within that system. Which hollow tube transports air from the laryngeal pharynx to the bronchi? a) Larynx b) Pharynx c) Trachea d) Bronchioles

trachea

A nurse caring for a patient with a pulmonary embolism understands that a high ventilation-perfusion ratio may exist. What does this mean for the patient? a) Perfusion exceeds ventilation. b) Ventilation matches perfusion. c) There is an absence of perfusion and ventilation. d) Ventilation exceeds perfusion.

ventilation exceeds perfusion

You are caring for a 65-year-old client who has been newly diagnosed with emphysema. The client is confused by the new terms and wants to know what ventilation means. Which of the following can instruct this client? a) Ventilation helps clients who cannot breathe on their own. b) Ventilation is when the body changes oxygen into CO2. c) Ventilation is breathing air in and out of the lungs. d) Ventilation provides a blood supply to the lungs.

ventilation is breathing air and out of the lungs

What is the difference between respiration and ventilation? a) Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract. b) Ventilation is the process of getting oxygen to the cells. c) Ventilation is the exchange of gases in the lung. d) Ventilation is the process of gas exchange.

ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract

What is the difference between respiration and ventilation? a) Ventilation is the process of gas exchange. b) Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract. c) Ventilation is the process of getting oxygen to the cells. d) Ventilation is the exchange of gases in the lung.

ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the respiratory tract

Which vitamin is usually administered with isoniazid (INH) to prevent INH-associated peripheral neuropathy? a) Vitamin B6 b) Vitamin C c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin E

vitamin B6

The nursing instructor is teaching a pre-nursing pathophysiology class. The class is covering the respiratory system. The instructor explains that the respiratory system is comprised of both the upper and lower respiratory system. The nose is part of the upper respiratory system. The instructor continues to explain that the nasal cavities have a vascular and ciliated mucous lining. What is the purpose of the vascular and ciliated mucous lining of the nasal cavities? a) Cool and dry expired air b) Moisten and filter expired air c) Move mucus to the back of the throat d) Warm and humidify inspired air

warm and humidify inspired air

The nurse is caring for a client with a decrease in airway diameter causing airway resistance. The client experiences coughing and mucus production. Upon lung assessment, which adventitious breath sounds are anticipated? a) Crackles b) Wheezes c) Rhonchi d) Rubs

wheezes

The nurse is discussing immediate postoperative communication strategies with a patient scheduled for a total laryngectomy. Which of the following information will the nurse include? a) "A speech therapist will evaluate you and recommend a system of communication after surgery." b) "After surgery, you will have to use an electric larynx to communicate." c) "You can use writing or a communication board to communicate." d) "After surgery you will have a sore throat, but will be able to speak."

you can use writing or a communication board to speak