medulla oblongata and pons

what nerves arise from the posterolateral sulcus of oblongata?

VAG(ina) - vagus nerve (X) - accessory nerve (XI) - glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

midbrain (mesencephalon) forms the lower part of the brainstem, what forms the upper part?

medulla oblongata and pons

latrerally the pons narrow to form?

middle cerebellar peduncles terminating in the cerebellum

olivary nucleus is involved in the control of what function

movement

whilst the olivary nuclei are involved in control of movement the pontine nuclei are involved in?

movement coordination

from what angle of the pons is the trigeminal nerve arising from

anterolateral part of the pons

the white matter of oblongata and pons is composed of ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts, what are these ascending called?

ascending tracts: spino- - spinothalamic - spinal lemniscus (biggest) - spinotectal - spinomesencephalic tract also - spinoreticular - spinocerebellar - medial reminisces - starts in gracile and cuneate nucl - trigeminal lemniscus - trigeminothalamic tract - solitariothalamic - strats in tractus solutarisu nucl (gustatory, viscerosensory) - lateral lemniscus - starts in cochlear nuclei (auditory)

anterior pons is convex and is marked in the middle by what? for what?

basilar sulcus for the basilar artery

what sulcus separates the medulla oblongata and pons what cranial nerves arise from this sulcus?

bulbopontine sulus FAV - facial nerve (VII) - abducens (VI) - vestibulocochlear (VIII)

olivary nucleus receives afferent fibres (sensory) from what structures? (3)

cerebral cortex red nucleus spinal cord

what connection are the pontine nuclei important to?

cerebral cortex to the cerebellum

medulla oblongata is continuous inferior with the spinal cord, what is the part of the spinal cord called that is at the most inferior part and similar to the spinal cord

closed portion

anterior funiculi terminate in the pyramids, what tracts do the anterior funiculi contain?

corticospinal tracts

why is the superior part of the medulla called open medulla

cranial half is split open (forming the flow of the 4th ventricle)

under the floor of the 4th ventricle are nuclei of?

cranial nerves

the white matter of oblongata and pons is composed of ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts, what are the descending called?

descending tracts: -spinal - corticospinal - corticonuclear - tectospinal - rubrospinal - reticulospinal - vestibulospinal - medial longitudinal fascicle

what does the upper part of the medulla and posterior surface of teh pons form?

floor of the 4th ventricle

olivary nucleus (inferior) is a folded mass of grey matter that open medially as what?

hilum

what nerve arises from the anterolateral sulcus?

hypoglossal nerve (XII)

posterior surface of the medulla contains the posterior median sulcus, fasciculi gracile and cuneate which terminate as?

in gracile tubercle with gracile nucleus under in cuneate tubercle with cuneate nucleus under

lateral funiculus of the spinal cord is the continuous all they way to?

inferior cerebella peduncle (joins with the cerebellum)

the axons of the gracile and cuneate nuclei cells cross the median place as? they ascend up forming?

lemniscal decussation medial lemniscus that terminate in thalamus

where are the accessory ovary nuclei?

near the hilum of the inf. olivary nucleus

what does the grey matter of the medulla and pins include?

nucleus gracilis, nucleus cutaneous

what are the nuclei called that are scattered in the anterior part of pons among the corticospinal tract fibers?

pontine nuclei

anterior surface of medulla oblongata sulci and funiculi of spinal cord are continuous to medulla the anterior median fissure is crossed, which marks the transition to medulla, what is it crossed by?

pyramidal decussation

reticular formation is represented by many nerve cells located in midline what does it receive and send?

receive -> afferent fibers (sensory) sned -> efferent fibers (motor)

what kind of fibers do the pontine nuclei receive? and what kind do they send?

receive -> cortico-pontine fibers send -> ponto-cerebellar fibers

pons includes pathways and tracts that conduct signals from the brain to cerebellum and medulla and tracts that carry what kind of signals? to where?

sensory signals up to thalamus

what is the structure called olive?

structure in medulla that contain olivary nuclei, making it elevated in the anterior medulla, lateral to pyramid separated by antero-lateral sulcus and fibres from the hypoglossal nerve

pons is part of the brain stem and lies inferior to? lies superior to?

the midbrain (mesenencephalon) medulla oblongata