Metabolism and Nutrition

order of cellular respiration

1) eating food gives fuel 2) food broken down in digestive system and transported to cells via circulatory 3) fuel molecules broken down more via glycolosys and krebs cycle 4) ATP produced via electron transport chain

Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient? a) ATP b) vitamins c) carbs d) minerals

A) ATP

cellular respiration products

ATP CO2 H2O

T/F A growing child is likely to exhibit negative nitrogen balance.

False

Stages of Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis Acetyl coA Krebs Cycle ETC

Part complete Which of the following contains the most energy that can be used to make ATP? a) 1 gram of fat b) 1 gram of muscle c) 1 gram of protein d) 1 gram of carbohydrate

a) 1 gram of fat

__________ refers to reactions in which small molecules are used to build larger molecules. a) Anabolism b) Catabolism c) Metabolism d) Carboxylation

a) Anabolism

What is the correct general equation for cellular respiration? a) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy b) 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 c) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy → C6H12O6 + 6 O2 d) C6H12O6 + 6 H2O → 6 CO2 + 6 O2 + ATP energy e) C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 → 6 O2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

a) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP energy

Which nutrient molecule CANNOT be used in the oxidative pathways? a) cholesterol b) glucose c) fatty acids d) proteins

a) cholesterol

Which of the following molecules is broken down in cellular respiration, providing fuel for the cell? a) Glucose b) ATP c) water d) O2

a) glucose

Which brain region is the main integrating center for thermoregulation? a) hypothalamus b) medulla oblongata c) cerebrum d) thalamus

a) hypothalamus

Part complete Which of the following is NOT catabolic? a) lipogenesis b) beta oxidation of fatty acids c) lipolysis d) glycolysis

a) lipogenesis

Which of the following is not a product of cellular respiration? a) oxygen (O2) b) carbon dioxide (CO2) c) water (H2O) d) ATP

a) oxygen (O2)

Which of the following pathways is INCORRECTLY matched with a description? a) citric acid cycle: aerobic pathway b) Gluconeogenesis: using glucose to build noncarbohydrate structures c) glycolysis: anaerobic respiration d) anabolism: building larger molecules from smaller ones

b) Gluconeogenesis: using glucose to build noncarbohydrate structures

__________ is the conversion of acetyl CoA into ketone bodies. a) Lipogenesis b) Ketogenesis c) Lipolysis d) Beta oxidation

b) Ketogenesis

__________ are considered "bad" cholesterol; high blood levels are believed to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. a) Chylomicrons b) LDLs c) HDLs d) VLDLs

b) LDLs

__________ is the energy (kilocalories consumed) that the body uses to perform only its most essential activities. a) Chemical thermogenesis b) The basal metabolic rate c) Food-induced thermogenesis d) Total metabolic rate

b) The basal metabolic rate

How is ATP used in our bodies? a) It is used to create more energy. b) The energy released from ATP is converted into kinetic energy to do work. c) It is converted to ADP for storage and later use. d) ATP is used to make potential energy.

b) The energy released from ATP is converted into kinetic energy to do work.

Metabolism includes both anabolism and catabolism. In hyperthyroidism, the metabolic rate is increased because ______. a) anabolic reactions are increased in muscles and bones b)catabolic reactions are decreased in muscles and bones c)the rate of exergonic reactions is increased d)atrophied tissues (e.g., muscle tissue) compensate for their decreased mass by increasing their synthesis of macromolecules

c)the rate of exergonic reactions is increased

Which of these happens during the postabsorptive state? a) Glucose is broken down in the liver. b) Fat reserves are built. c) Blood glucose levels are maintained within an adequate range. d) Glycogen is formed.

c) Blood glucose levels are maintained within an adequate range.

__________ is the key hormone regulator of the postabsorptive state. a) Parathyroid hormone b) Insulin c) Glucagon d) Cortisol

c) Glucagon

Growth and repair involve primarily what type of reactions? a)catabolic b) it depends c) anabolic

c) anabolic

Which of the following occurs when water is released (lost) during a reaction? a) catabolic synthesis b) catabolic hydrolysis c) dehydration synthesis d) dehydration hydrolysis

c) dehydration synthesis

T/F Glycogenesis occurs when ATP levels are high and glucose is abundant.

True

Which energy-rich molecule produced by cellular respiration directly powers cell work? a) Glucose b) ATP c) water d) O2

b) ATP

Which statement describes the citric acid cycle? a) This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. b) This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. c) This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. d) This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. e) This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules int

b) This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion.

Part complete Which statement describes the electron transport chain? a) This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. b) This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration. c) This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. d) This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. e) This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA.

b) This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

Which of the following nutrients is NOT matched with its use in the body? a) lipids: major energy source b) carbs: hormones c) vitamins: coenzymes d) proteins: structural materials

b) carbs: hormones

Although both conditions share the common characteristic of elevated body temperature, hyperthermia is technically different from fever because ______. a) hyperthermia is a condition in which the temperature is higher than in fever b) fever is a condition in which there is a change in the body's temperature set-point c) hyperthermia is a condition in which pyrogens act to increase body temperature d) fever is a condition in which the metabolic rate is increased to a level higher than in hyperthermia

b) fever is a condition in which there is a change in the body's temperature set-point

The citric acid cycle occurs in the __________ of cells and is an __________ process. a) mitochondria; anaerobic b) mitochondria; aerobic c) cytosol; anaerobic d) cytosol; aerobic

b) mitochondria; aerobic

Ammonia, which is a byproduct of protein metabolism, is converted to __________ primarily in the __________. a) ketones; liver b) urea; liver c) ketones; kidney d) urea; kidney

b) urea; liver

Part complete Which statement describes glycolysis? a) This process produces some ATP and carbon dioxide in the mitochondrion. b) This process joins 2 pyruvic acid molecules into a molecule of glucose. c) This process converts pyruvic acid to acetyl CoA. d) This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose. e) This process uses energy captured from electrons flowing to oxygen to produce most of the ATPs in cellular respiration.

d) This process splits glucose in half and produces 2 ATPs for each glucose.

Which nutrients function primarily as an energy source for cells? a) minerals b) electrolytes c) vitamins d) carbs

d) carbs

Which hormone promotes protein catabolism? a) thyroid hormone b) glucagon c) insulin d) cortisol

d) cortisol

The energy stored in ATP comes from which of the following? a) kinetic Energy b) Adenosine triphosphate c) heat d) food molecules

d) food molecules

The hyperglycemia that occurs during diabetes mellitus is accompanied by ______. a) an elevated rate of glycolysis in blood plasma due to the elevated level of glucose in the plasma b) a reduced rate of glycolysis in blood plasma due to the elevated level of glucose in the plasma c) reduced rates of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis d) ketosis

d) ketosis

What is the primary function of cellular respiration? a) to oxidize glucose b) to produce proteins c) to metabolize nutrients d) to regenerate ATP

d) to regenerate ATP

Which of the following is NOT a fat-soluble vitamin? a) vitamin K b)vitamin D c) vitamin A d) vitamin B

d) vitamin B

Which of the following is NOT correctly matched in regards to BMR (basal metabolic rate)? a) low thyroxine: low BMR b)increased stress: increased BMR c)high body temperature (nonfever): higher BMR d) younger age: lower BMR

d) younger age: lower BMR

Part complete Which of the following processes takes place in the cytosol of a eukaryotic cell? a) ATP production by ATP synthase b) electron transport chain c) citric acid cycle d)acetyl CoA formation e) glycolysis

e) glycolysis

Part complete In what organelle would you find acetyl CoA formation, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain? a) Golgi apparatus b)chloroplast c) lysosome d) nucleus e) mitochondrion

e) mitochondrion

Cellular respiration inputs

glucose O2