Microbiology Ch. 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology

List these levels in the hierarchy of classification from most general to least general.

1. Kingdom, 2. Class, 3. Family, 4. Genus, 5. Species

Put these levels of classification in order form most general to most specific

1. Kingdom, 2. Genus, 3. Species

Put these in order by size from largest to smallest

1. Protozoans, 2. Reproductive structures of mold, 3. Bacteria, 4. Viruses

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about _____ infections of all types across the world every year.

10 billion

What is a helminth?

A parasitic worm

________ are prokaryotic organisms that are often found growing in extreme environments

Archaea

Which of the following could be considered nomenclature?

Assigning a name to a new isolate Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona)

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types?

Bacteria

Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology?

Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology

Which of the following is considered to be the basic unit of life?

Cell

In the deductive approach to the scientific method, which of the following is the first step?

Constructing a hypothesis to explain what has been observed or measured

In the Woese-Fox system, Domain ______ includes plants, animals, fungi, and protozoa.

Eukaryota

______ cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryotic

Which were the five kingdoms in the earlier Whittaker system of classification?

Fungi, Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Monera

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?

Lister

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles, and divides by binary fission?

Prokaryotic

In the traditional Whittaker system, algae are found in the Kingdom _____

Protista

Which of the following are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall?

Protists

Which microbe(s) have a true nucleus?

Protists, Yeast

The appropriate binomial abbreviation of Staphylococcus aureus is:

S. aureus

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

The development of the microscope

Which of the following is true about prokaryotic microorganisms?

They lack cellular organelles. They are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.

True or false: When writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case.

True

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Virus

All members of the Kingdom Monera in the Whittaker system became a part of either the _______ domain or the Bacteria domain in the Woese-Fox system.

archaea

The three domains of the Woese-Fox system include the true bacteria in Domain Bacteria, the extreme microbes in Domain ________, and the eukaryotic organisms in Domain Eukarya

archaea

As recently as the late 1800s, doctors did not practice _______ techniques in surgical settings.

aseptic

Bacteria such as Staphylococus belong to the Domain ______

bacteria

All _____ are microorganisms, but not all _____ are microorganisms

bacteria; eukaryotes

Which of the following are criteria used by the Whittaker system to classify organisms?

cell structure, cell type, nutritional type, body organization

_____ is the part of taxonomy that involves arranging organisms into groups based on relationships and history

classification

Taxonomy involves ________ and ______ living things

classifying; naming

In the Woese-Fox system of classification, the most general category to which any organism is assigned is the _________

domain

Eukaryotic organisms are:

either unicellular or multicellular

For the organisms Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents the ______ level of classification

genus

The _____ theory of disease, first proposed in the 1800s, stated that microorganisms could cause infection and illness.

germ

A _____ is a tentative explanation of an observation

hypothesis

Use of a laboratory test to determine the fermentation capabilities of a microbial species is part of the process known as ______ of a certain bacterial species.

identification

The general term "_____ disease" means that the disease is caused by a microorganism.

infectious

All bacteria would be placed into the same _____, one of five groupings in the Whittaker system of classification.

kingdom

In the Whittaker system, organisms were divided into one of five ______.

kingdoms

When organisms are visible to the naked eye, they are called ______

macroscopic

"Microbes" and "______" are terms that can be used interchangeably.

microorganisms

Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are referred to as

microorganisms

Microorganisms:

must be visualized using a microscope

Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as

organelles

A microbial pathogen is considered a _____ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process

parasite

A ________ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

pathogen

Koch's four ______ are a series of proofs that establish whether an organism is pathogenic and which disease it causes

postulates

A ______ cell will not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus

prokaryotic

Algae and protists are both members of Whittakers Kingdom

protista

The MAJOR types of microorganisms include:

protozoa, fungi, bacteria, algae, and viruses

For the organism, Escherichia coli, coli represents the ______ name.

species

The level of classification directly under the genus is the _____.

species

A scientific ________ is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts developed through experimentation that explain or account for a natural event.

theory

Microorganisms are _______, meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

ubiquitous

Which of the following describe fungi?

unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic

________ are infectious agents that are not classified into any level of either the Woese-Fox or the Whittaker system

viruses

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms, including:

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, archaea, helminths