Microbiology Ch. 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology
List these levels in the hierarchy of classification from most general to least general.
1. Kingdom, 2. Class, 3. Family, 4. Genus, 5. Species
Put these levels of classification in order form most general to most specific
1. Kingdom, 2. Genus, 3. Species
Put these in order by size from largest to smallest
1. Protozoans, 2. Reproductive structures of mold, 3. Bacteria, 4. Viruses
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are about _____ infections of all types across the world every year.
10 billion
What is a helminth?
A parasitic worm
________ are prokaryotic organisms that are often found growing in extreme environments
Archaea
Which of the following could be considered nomenclature?
Assigning a name to a new isolate Salmonella based on its geography (Salmonella arizona)
Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types?
Bacteria
Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology?
Bacteriology, Virology, Mycology
Which of the following is considered to be the basic unit of life?
Cell
In the deductive approach to the scientific method, which of the following is the first step?
Constructing a hypothesis to explain what has been observed or measured
In the Woese-Fox system, Domain ______ includes plants, animals, fungi, and protozoa.
Eukaryota
______ cells possess a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotic
Which were the five kingdoms in the earlier Whittaker system of classification?
Fungi, Animalia, Plantae, Protista, Monera
Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?
Lister
Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles, and divides by binary fission?
Prokaryotic
In the traditional Whittaker system, algae are found in the Kingdom _____
Protista
Which of the following are single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall?
Protists
Which microbe(s) have a true nucleus?
Protists, Yeast
The appropriate binomial abbreviation of Staphylococcus aureus is:
S. aureus
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?
The development of the microscope
Which of the following is true about prokaryotic microorganisms?
They lack cellular organelles. They are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.
True or false: When writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case.
True
What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?
Virus
All members of the Kingdom Monera in the Whittaker system became a part of either the _______ domain or the Bacteria domain in the Woese-Fox system.
archaea
The three domains of the Woese-Fox system include the true bacteria in Domain Bacteria, the extreme microbes in Domain ________, and the eukaryotic organisms in Domain Eukarya
archaea
As recently as the late 1800s, doctors did not practice _______ techniques in surgical settings.
aseptic
Bacteria such as Staphylococus belong to the Domain ______
bacteria
All _____ are microorganisms, but not all _____ are microorganisms
bacteria; eukaryotes
Which of the following are criteria used by the Whittaker system to classify organisms?
cell structure, cell type, nutritional type, body organization
_____ is the part of taxonomy that involves arranging organisms into groups based on relationships and history
classification
Taxonomy involves ________ and ______ living things
classifying; naming
In the Woese-Fox system of classification, the most general category to which any organism is assigned is the _________
domain
Eukaryotic organisms are:
either unicellular or multicellular
For the organisms Escherichia coli, Escherichia represents the ______ level of classification
genus
The _____ theory of disease, first proposed in the 1800s, stated that microorganisms could cause infection and illness.
germ
A _____ is a tentative explanation of an observation
hypothesis
Use of a laboratory test to determine the fermentation capabilities of a microbial species is part of the process known as ______ of a certain bacterial species.
identification
The general term "_____ disease" means that the disease is caused by a microorganism.
infectious
All bacteria would be placed into the same _____, one of five groupings in the Whittaker system of classification.
kingdom
In the Whittaker system, organisms were divided into one of five ______.
kingdoms
When organisms are visible to the naked eye, they are called ______
macroscopic
"Microbes" and "______" are terms that can be used interchangeably.
microorganisms
Organisms that are only visible with the aid of a microscope are referred to as
microorganisms
Microorganisms:
must be visualized using a microscope
Small, membrane-bound components found inside of a eukaryotic cell, such as mitochondria and lysosomes, are referred to as
organelles
A microbial pathogen is considered a _____ because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process
parasite
A ________ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
pathogen
Koch's four ______ are a series of proofs that establish whether an organism is pathogenic and which disease it causes
postulates
A ______ cell will not contain organelles, such as mitochondria or a nucleus
prokaryotic
Algae and protists are both members of Whittakers Kingdom
protista
The MAJOR types of microorganisms include:
protozoa, fungi, bacteria, algae, and viruses
For the organism, Escherichia coli, coli represents the ______ name.
species
The level of classification directly under the genus is the _____.
species
A scientific ________ is a collection of statements, propositions, or concepts developed through experimentation that explain or account for a natural event.
theory
Microorganisms are _______, meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.
ubiquitous
Which of the following describe fungi?
unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic
________ are infectious agents that are not classified into any level of either the Woese-Fox or the Whittaker system
viruses
Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms, including:
viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, archaea, helminths