Meteorology Exam 2
The Bowen ratio has a greater value over a ______ surface than over a ______ surface.
dry..............moist
radiational cooling
emission at greater rate than absorption
latent heating
energy that is released to the atmosphere when clouds form
The wind-chill equivalent temperature is ______ the actual (or ambient) air temperature when the wind speed is nearly calm.
equal to
Relatively high surface air pressure is usually accompanied by _________ weather whereas relatively low surface air pressure is usually accompanied by __________weather.
fair..............stormy
On a clear and calm day, the relative humidity usually ______ between sunrise and early afternoon.
falls
Rising parcels of unsaturated (clear) air cool at a _________ rate than rising parcels of saturated (cloudy) air.
faster
At the equator, the rate of warming due to absorption of solar radiation is ______ the rate of cooling due to emission of infrared radiation to space.
greater than
sensible heating
heat transfer that can be sensed by temperature change and measured by a thermometer
Suppose that the vapor pressure of the cold outside air is the same as the vapor pressure of the warm air indoors. If the door is opened and the cold air replaces some of the warm air, then the new relative humidity indoors would be
higher than before.
advection
horizontal movement from one location to another
Rising air temperature causes the saturation mixing ratio to ______
increase.
As the difference between the dewpoint and the ambient air temperature decreases, the relative humidity __________.
increases
if more air converges aloft than diverges at the surface, surface pressure _________ (and vice versa)
increases
Excess heat in tropical latitudes is transported to middle and high latitudes primarily by
latent heat release through storms.
At the same temperature and pressure, humid air is ______ dry air, and therefore has a _______ air pressure
less dense than......lower
At the same latitude, the seasonal (summer to winter) temperature contrast in maritime climates is ______ the seasonal temperature contrast in continental climates.
less than
the usual world-wide range in sea-level air pressure is __________ 100 mb
less than
Within the Earth-atmosphere system heat convection takes place in
liquids and gases.
All other factors being equal, a snow cover tends to ______ the day's maximum air temperature and ______ the day's minimum air temperature.
lower...............lower
At the same pressure, cold air is ______ warm air.
more dense than
latent heat
movement of heat due to phase changes of water
the air pressure gradient in the horizontal is ________ the vertical air pressure gradient
much smaller than
Absolute zero is the temperature at which
no electromagnetic radiation is emitted.
Air pressure decreases __________with increasing altitude.
non-uniformly
In the global water budget, annual precipitation is greater than annual evapotranspiration
on the continents.
SI unit for pressure
pascal (Pa)
Which one of the following heat transfer processes can take place in a vacuum?
radiation
Latent heat is ______ the environment when water freezes.
released to
As a mass of warmer and more humid air invades our locality, air temperature _____ and air density _____.
rises...............decreases
The Bowen ratio is the ratio of the amount of heat that is used for __________ to the amount of heat that is used for __________.
sensible heating.................latent heating
Bowen ratio
sensible heating/latent heating
Normally, the stratosphere is ______.
stable
The air temperature rises throughout the night. This unusual event is explained by
strong warm air advection
specific heat
the amount of heat required to raise 1 gram of substance 1 celsius degree
boiling point
212 F, 100 C, 373.15 K
The freezing point of pure water at sea level is ______ °F or ______ °C.
32.....0
A lapse rate of ______ Celsius degrees per 1000 meters is conditionally stable.
8
dalton's law
total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of pressure produced by each constituent gas
The altitude of the tropopause is highest at __________ latitudes.
tropical
Conditional stability indicates that an air layer is
unstable for saturated and stable for unsaturated air parcels.
When two objects are in direct physical contact, heat is always conducted from the ______ object to the ______ object.
warmer...........colder
In response to the same input of heat, which one of the following substances exhibits the smallest rise in temperature?
water
Because of the usual seasonal change in average temperature, the tropopause is lower in __________ than in __________.
winter..........summer
Lows and Highs are identified on surface weather maps by areas enclosed within isobars. Which one of the following statements about Lows is true?
Air pressure increases outward from the center of a Low.
convection
Consequence of differences in air density. Transport of heat within a substance via movement of substance itself. Substance MUST be liquid or gas
Thermal Inertia
Resistance to a change in temperature
The _________ adiabatic lapse rate is 9.8 Celsius degrees per 1000 m.
dry
All of the following soundings (temperature profiles) always indicate stable atmospheric conditions with the exception of
a drop of temperature with altitude.
Temperature is defined as
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual atoms or molecules composing a substance.
If the mixing ratio of a parcel of air is 6 grams per kilogram and the relative humidity is 25 percent, the saturation mixing ratio is ______ grams per kilogram.
a. 1.5 b. 12 c. 8 d. 2 *e. None of these is correct.
The top of the atmosphere is at an average altitude of __________ km.
a. 80 b. 100 c. 5 d. 10 *e. None of these is correct.
As an aircraft ascends within the troposphere, the external
a. air pressure increases. b. vapor pressure increases. c. saturation mixing ratio increases. d. air density increases. *e. None of the above is correct.
Global-scale water vapor imagery shows evidence that water vapor is transported
a. around the globe. b. from one ocean basin to another. c. between the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. d. across the equator. *e. All of the above are correct.
As an unsaturated (clear) parcel of air ascends dry adiabatically,
a. its relative humidity increases. b. its saturation vapor pressure decreases. c. its temperature drops. *d. All of the above are correct.
Changes in air pressure with time at a particular locality may be explained by
a. local radiational heating or cooling. b. air mass advection. c. divergence or convergence of surface winds. *d. All of the above are correct.
Heat is conducted within and between
a. solids. b. liquids. c. gases. *d. All of these are correct.
As unsaturated (clear) air flows down the leeward slopes of a mountain range,
a. the air temperature rises. b. the relative humidity decreases. c. the saturation vapor pressure increases. *d. All of the above are correct.
Usually, the air pressure inside a building is _____ the air pressure outside the building.
about the same as
radiational heating
absorption at greater rate than emission
Air mass advection occurs when winds blow _________ regional isotherms (constant temperature lines).
across
Air pressure decreases more rapidly with altitude within a column of ________ air than in a column of __________ air.
cold..........warm
air pressure drops more rapidly with altitude in ______ air than ______ air
cold........warm
The climate of Springfield, Illinois can be described as __________ based on the mean temperature contrast between summer and winter.
continental
Between the tropopause and stratopause, the air pressure ______ with increasing altitude. a. increases
decreases
If the temperature of an unsaturated (clear) air parcel does not change while its mixing ratio increases, the density of the parcel ______.
decreases
With warm air advection in winter, the air pressure tendency is usually
downward.
The temperature of ascending parcels of unsaturated (clear) air __________ because of __________.
drops. . . . . .expansional cooling