Methods-Time Measurement

Methods-Time Measurement (4 steps, assumptions)

1) Break tasks into essential elements. 2) Design optimal sequence. 3) Assign predetermined times to elements. 4) Adjust of learning/rest. Assumption: independent, sequential operations

Procedure for Time Study (7)

1. Observe preliminary work methods 2. Break job into elements. 3. Find an acceptable operator. 4. Record the time it takes to do an elemental task. 5. Observe enough cycles. 6. Determine performance ratings (Westinghouse system) 7. Assign allowance for learning, delays, fatigue.

5 Steps for Work Samplings

1. Take preliminary sample to estimate. 2. Determine sample size. 4. Prepare a worker observation schedule. 5. Observe & Record Worker Activities 6. Determine how workers are using their time.

Therbligs

18 kinds of basic motion that are used by workers.

HTA

Complex tasks with many sub-components ~ cognitive and physical. Formally describe complex tasks, especially if not sequential. But, needs to data to specify plans as well as the task steps.

PDTS: When is it used. What is it good for. What's a problem.

Detailed, repetitive, manual tasks. Tasks times, standardizing, comparing different methods. But, very detailed and time-consuming.

Taylorism

Eliminate idle time. Eliminate duplication of effort. Streamline flow of work. Rearrange task sequences. Make jobs more short to be repititive. Reduce skill requirements of job.

What are some problems with time study sampling?

Enough # of samples? Is the task well defined enough, is it consistently developed?

Frederick Winslow Taylor: who he be, what did he do?

Father of Scientific Management, developed methods to cut costs and increase labor productivity.

What is Time Study? What does it determine? What do you need to know for iit?

It measures the time it takes to complete components of an activity. It is used to redesign processes and determines standard times for a job. Which elements to define? Beginning and ending task component. Exclusive activity definition. Define parallel activities.

Work Sampling

Measure % time spent on multiple, not repetitive activities. Understand parts of non-standardized work, estimate impact of training and aids. But, need to get sampling frequency, scedule and means of data collection.

Time Study: How to calculator normal time and standard time?

Normal Time = Mean elapsed elemental time * performance rating % Standard Time = Normal time x (1 + allowance factor)

Time Study: When is it used. What is it good for. What's a problem.

Ok repetitive tasks, computer, machine things. Task times, standardizing, comparing different methods. But, less detail than PDTS and needs to have subtask start/end points.

What are 4 methods that describe work activities?

PDTS Time Study Work Samplings HTA

Motion Study: Frank/Lillian Gilbreth

Study body motions to develop most efficient work method: Eliminate unnecessary motions. Simplify necessary motions. Speed up motions. Use the most favorable motion sequence.

PDTS: Predetermined Time Standards (What is the unit and how much is it worth?)

Therbligs time measurement. Stated in terms of TMU = 0.036 Seconds.

How to calculate move TMU?

move TMU = (table value) x (weight factor) + constant TMU