MGMT 3370 CH9 Quiz
____ is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.
Autonomy
____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.
Delegation of authority
____ is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks.
Departmentalization
____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.
Functional
Which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?
Functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists.
____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.
Job design
__________ means increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the power to make decisions about their own work.
Job enrichment
__________ is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.
Reengineering
____ is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.
Standardization
____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization.
Task significance
interorganizational process
a collection of activities that take place among companies to transform inputs into outputs that customers value
simple matrix
a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix negotiate conflicts and resources
complex matrix
a form of matrix departmentalization in which managers in different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers, who help them sort out conflicts and problems
Matrix departmentalization
a hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization, most often product and functional, are used together
Job specialization
a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process
unity of command
a management principle that workers should report to just one boss
When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.
accountability
line function
an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products
staff function
an activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling the company's products but instead supports line activities
job characteristics model (JCM)
an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes
organic organizations
an organization characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge
Mechanistic organizations
an organization characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication
virtual organization
an organization that is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers to collectively solve customer problems or provide specific products or services
modular organizations
an organization that outsources noncore business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants
Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by:
chain of command
With divisions that focus on business clients and consumer clients, companies like Sprint, American Express, and others are examples of ____ departmentalization.
customer
Job specialization can result in ____.
employee boredom
Empowerment
feelings of intrinsic motivation in which workers perceive their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self-determination
reengineering
fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed
Job enlargement
increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job
Job enrichment
increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work
The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.
internal motivation
The organizational process ____.
is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value
An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ____.
job enlargement
Decentralization ____.
leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees
A(n) __________ function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products.
line
In terms of the chain of command, ____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates.
line; staff
With ____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses.
matrix
A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.
mechanistic
A(n) __________ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication
mechanistic
Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, __________ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants.
modular organizations
Internal motivation
motivation that comes from the job itself rather than from outside rewards
A(n) ____ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge.
organic
While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.
organizational structure; organizational process
Geographic departmentalization
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas
Functional departmentalization
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise
Customer departmentalization
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers
Product departmentalization
organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services
Job rotation
periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more variety and the opportunity to use different skills
Empowering workers
permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibility from managers to workers by giving them the information and resources they need to make and carry out good decisions
Hallmark has four departments. These departments are (1) Flowers and Gifts, (2) Cards and E-cards, (3) Hallmark Collectibles, and (4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.
product
Procter & Gamble has divisions for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses ____ departmentalization.
product
The three types of task interdependence are
reciprocal, pooled, and sequential
Standardization
solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes
Departmentalization
subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks
feedback
the amount of information the job provides to workers about their work performance
Delegation of authority
the assignment of direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible
intraorganizational process
the collection of activities that take place within an organization to transform inputs into outputs that customers value
organizational process
the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value
Autonomy
the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the job
Task significance
the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization
Task identity
the degree to which a job, from beginning to end, requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work
task interdependence
the extent to which collective action is required to complete an entire piece of work
Decentralization
the location of a significant amount of authority in the lower levels of the organization
Centralization of authority
the location of most authority at the upper levels of the organizatio
Skill variety
the number of different activities performed in a job
job design
the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in doing their jobs
staff authority
the right to advise, but not command, others who are not subordinates in the chain of command
Line authority
the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command
Authority
the right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives
Organizational structure
the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company
chain of command
the vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization
reciprocal interdependence
work completed by different jobs or groups working together in a back-and-forth manner
pooled interdependence
work completed by having each job or department independently contribute to the whole
sequential interdependence
work completed in succession, with one group's or job's outputs becoming the inputs for the next group or job