MGMT 426 Exam #1

product innovations

embodied in the output of an organization

architectural

entails changing the over all design of the system or the way the components interact

patents

excludes other from making, using, or selling their invention registration needed must have utility, novelty, and non-obvious

engines of innovation

firms individuals private nonprofits government funded research universities

benefits of getting a patent

gives the inventor the opportunity to produce and market the invention himself, or license others to do so and to make a profit

utility patents

have functional or structural novelty 20 years from filing time

design patents

have ornamental designs 14 years from issue date

individual creativity is a function of...

style of thinking knowledge personality motivation environment

two elements of technologies

1. defining elements 2. other elements

inventive steps

1. identifying the closest prior art 2. determine the technical problem in the closest prior art it addresses and successfully solves 3. examining whether or not the claimed solution to the objective technical problem is obvious for the skilled person in the view of the state of the art in general

two dimensions of value

1. technology's stand alone value 2. network externality value

what is an invention?

a discovery of a new idea that is conceptual

trademark

a logo or name for a product is protected in a particular industry and geographic location renewed as long as product is in market must be well known to exclude others can be a word, phrase, symbol, or design must already be used in interstate commerce

"techne"

art, skill, craft, or the way, manner, or means by which a thing is gained

learning curve

as technology is used, it becomes more efficient and more effective

copyright

author's original creative work life of author + 70 years automatically protected registration not required legal advantages provided must be original cannot consist of solely facts

disclosure of a patent

background of the invention brief summary detail description claim(s)

enhancing innovations

builds on the firms existing knowledge base

demand pull

customer suggestions -> invention -> manufacturing

trade secret

idea or invention protected by secrecy

process innovations

innovations in the way an organization conducts business such as techniques of producing or marketing its goods and services

sources of opportunity for innovation

new knowledge unexpected occurrence incongruities process needs industry and market changes demographic changes changes in perception

technological spillovers

occur when the benefits from the research activities of one entity spill over to other entities

incremental

only a minor change from existing practices

front page of a patent

patent number filing date and issue date title of the invention inventor(s) assignee(s) U.S CL. and Field of Search Classification references cited representative drawing

what is dominant design?

product design that is adopted by a majority of producers, creating a stable architecture on which the industry can focus its efforts

development

refers to activities that apply knowledge to produce useful devices, materials, or processes

technology clusters

regional clusters of firms that have a connection to a common technology

destroying innovations

render's a firms existing competences obsolete

science push

scientific discovery -> invention -> manufacturing -> marketing

technology push

start from a given technology invention and look for applications and uses

demand pull

start from the demand side and seek knowledge to solve their problems

small entity fees for patents

starting at $1,000 maintenance for 20 years = $4,500

large entity fees for patents

starts around $2,000 maintenance for 20 years = $9,000

micro entity fees for patents

starts as low as $500

increasing returns to adoption

technology becomes more valuable that more its adopted

creativity

the ability to produce work that is useful and novel

radicalness

the degree to which it is new and different from previously

technological trajectories

the path a technology follows through time helps us understand how technologies come and diffuse

what is an innovation?

the process of using knowledge to solve a problem an idea brought to life that benefits society and has practical use

technology s-curve

the rate of technology's improvements and diffusion: improves slowly at first because it is poorly understood then accelerates as understanding increases, then tapers off

"logy"

the study of

plant patents

varieties of plants

evolution

when a new technology is compatible with old technology used by installed base

revolution

when a new technology is not compatible with an old technology used by installed base