MGMT 426 Exam #1
product innovations
embodied in the output of an organization
architectural
entails changing the over all design of the system or the way the components interact
patents
excludes other from making, using, or selling their invention registration needed must have utility, novelty, and non-obvious
engines of innovation
firms individuals private nonprofits government funded research universities
benefits of getting a patent
gives the inventor the opportunity to produce and market the invention himself, or license others to do so and to make a profit
utility patents
have functional or structural novelty 20 years from filing time
design patents
have ornamental designs 14 years from issue date
individual creativity is a function of...
style of thinking knowledge personality motivation environment
two elements of technologies
1. defining elements 2. other elements
inventive steps
1. identifying the closest prior art 2. determine the technical problem in the closest prior art it addresses and successfully solves 3. examining whether or not the claimed solution to the objective technical problem is obvious for the skilled person in the view of the state of the art in general
two dimensions of value
1. technology's stand alone value 2. network externality value
what is an invention?
a discovery of a new idea that is conceptual
trademark
a logo or name for a product is protected in a particular industry and geographic location renewed as long as product is in market must be well known to exclude others can be a word, phrase, symbol, or design must already be used in interstate commerce
"techne"
art, skill, craft, or the way, manner, or means by which a thing is gained
learning curve
as technology is used, it becomes more efficient and more effective
copyright
author's original creative work life of author + 70 years automatically protected registration not required legal advantages provided must be original cannot consist of solely facts
disclosure of a patent
background of the invention brief summary detail description claim(s)
enhancing innovations
builds on the firms existing knowledge base
demand pull
customer suggestions -> invention -> manufacturing
trade secret
idea or invention protected by secrecy
process innovations
innovations in the way an organization conducts business such as techniques of producing or marketing its goods and services
sources of opportunity for innovation
new knowledge unexpected occurrence incongruities process needs industry and market changes demographic changes changes in perception
technological spillovers
occur when the benefits from the research activities of one entity spill over to other entities
incremental
only a minor change from existing practices
front page of a patent
patent number filing date and issue date title of the invention inventor(s) assignee(s) U.S CL. and Field of Search Classification references cited representative drawing
what is dominant design?
product design that is adopted by a majority of producers, creating a stable architecture on which the industry can focus its efforts
development
refers to activities that apply knowledge to produce useful devices, materials, or processes
technology clusters
regional clusters of firms that have a connection to a common technology
destroying innovations
render's a firms existing competences obsolete
science push
scientific discovery -> invention -> manufacturing -> marketing
technology push
start from a given technology invention and look for applications and uses
demand pull
start from the demand side and seek knowledge to solve their problems
small entity fees for patents
starting at $1,000 maintenance for 20 years = $4,500
large entity fees for patents
starts around $2,000 maintenance for 20 years = $9,000
micro entity fees for patents
starts as low as $500
increasing returns to adoption
technology becomes more valuable that more its adopted
creativity
the ability to produce work that is useful and novel
radicalness
the degree to which it is new and different from previously
technological trajectories
the path a technology follows through time helps us understand how technologies come and diffuse
what is an innovation?
the process of using knowledge to solve a problem an idea brought to life that benefits society and has practical use
technology s-curve
the rate of technology's improvements and diffusion: improves slowly at first because it is poorly understood then accelerates as understanding increases, then tapers off
"logy"
the study of
plant patents
varieties of plants
evolution
when a new technology is compatible with old technology used by installed base
revolution
when a new technology is not compatible with an old technology used by installed base
