MGMT 444 Ch5-9
30. There are two approaches to establishing the total budgeted cost for each work package: a. top-down and bottom-up. b. horizontal and vertical. c. committed and actual. d. aggregated and disaggregated.
a
16. ____ assist with the complexity of generating a resource-leveled schedule and resource requirements graphs and tables. a. Project management information systems b. Formulas and techniques c. Trial and error techniques d. Calendaring systems
a
17. The total project cost is often estimated during the ____ phase of the project or when the project charter or a proposal is prepared a. initiating b. planning c. performing d. closing
a
18. Labor costs in the project costs estimate are the estimated costs for the various types or classifications of ____ and are based on the estimated work time (not necessarily the same as the activity estimated duration) and the dollar labor rate for each. a. people who are expected to work on the project b. people, even if they are not directly assigned to the project c. overhead and direct expenses d. subcontractors
a
20. When several activities need the same limited resource at the same time, the activities with a. the least slack have first priority. b. the longest duration have first priority. c. the near term have first priority. d. use the most resources have first priority.
a
23. Travel costs in the project costs estimate are for a. travel (other than local travel) required during the project. b. all travel by the organization. c. travel costs for local meetings. d. travel for conferences that may not be related to the project.
a
26. Resource utilization charts based on each activity's earliest start time are said to be based on an ____ schedule. a. as-soon-as-possible b. as-late-as-possible c. as-needed d. as-flexible-as-possible
a
27. The project cost estimate is allocated to a. the various work packages in the project work breakdown structure. b. the resources in the project. c. the committed costs in the project. d. the stakeholders.
a
29. In ____, when several activities need the same limited resource at the same time, the activities with the least slack have first priority. a. resource limited scheduling b. resource monitoring c. resource leveling d. resource evaluation scheduling
a
31. When estimating resources for activities to estimate the activity's duration, the a. availability of each resource has to be taken into account. b. name of each resource has to be taken into account. c. cost of each resource has to be taken into account. d. security clearance of each resource has to be taken into account
a
33. Resource leveling attempts to establish a schedule in which resource utilization is made as level as possible a. without extending the project beyond its required completion time. b. by assigning one resource to work per day. c. by extending the project beyond its required completion time. d. by adding additional resources to the project.
a
34. A cost is determined for each period, based on when the activities that make up the work package are scheduled to be performed, to create a. the time-phased budget. b. the actual costs of the project. c. an example budget. d. an adjusted budget.
a
34. Resource-limited scheduling attempts a schedule in which the number of resources is limited and a. the schedule may be extended to keep the resource limits. b. the schedule is shortened because the limit for resources is raised. c. the shortest schedule is developed by reducing the project scope. d. priorities are given to the activities to limit the time for each activity.
a
35. The estimated types and quantities of resources required for an activity together with the availability of those resources will influence the a. estimated duration for how long it will take to perform the activity. b. project scope document description. c. project's acceptance criteria. d. actual costs of work performed.
a
37. It is important to use the ____ as the standard against which actual cost is compared. a. cumulative budget b. total budget c. budget at completion d. phased budget
a
38. Resource requirements graphs based on an as-soon-as-possible schedule are drawn a. based on each activity's earliest start time. b. based on each activity's earliest finish time. c. based on each activity's latest start time. d. based on each activity's latest finish time.
a
39. If an organization or subcontractor has performed similar projects in the past and has kept records of how long specific activities actually took, these historical data a. can be used as a guide in estimating the durations of similar activities for future projects. b. have no value for the current project. c. should be stored in files. d. should be shared with the customer after the contract is signed to show that the contractor can complete the project.
a
4. In addition to showing the technical constraints among activities, how does the network logic also take into account resource constraints? a. Activities that use the same resource may not be able to occur in parallel to each other. b. Activities that use different resources may be shown in a serial relationship. c. The activities could be shown in a loop relationship. d. Resources that are unlimited are not shown in a resource assignment.
a
44. Earliest start time (ES) is the earliest time at which a specific activity can begin a. calculated on the basis of the project estimated start time and the estimated durations of preceding activities. b. calculated on the basis of the project estimated finish time and the estimated durations of preceding activities. c. calculated on the basis of the project estimated start time and the estimated durations of succeeding activities. d. calculated on the basis of the project estimated start time and the estimated durations of approaching activities.
a
48. Calculate the earliest finish for Task B if its predecessor, Task A, finishes on day 3 and the duration of Task B is 2 days. a. day 5 b. day 3 c. day 1 d. Cannot be calculated based upon information given.
a
51. Calculate the earliest finish for Task D if one of its predecessors, Task A, finishes on day 3, its other predecessor, Task C, finishes on day 4, and the duration of Task D is 2 days. a. day 6 b. day 3 c. day 4 d. Cannot be calculated based upon information given.
a
53. Latest start time (LS) is the latest time by which a specific activity must be a. started in order for the entire project to be finished by its required completion time. b. started in order for the entire project to be started by its required completion time. c. finished in order for the entire project to be finished by its required completion time. d. finished in order for the entire project to be started by its required completion time.
a
62. Negative slack indicates a lack of slack over the entire project and the amount of time a. an activity must be accelerated to complete the project by the required completion time. b. an activity must be delayed to complete the project by the required completion time. c. each activity on the critical must be accelerated to complete the project by the required completion time. d. all activities in the project must be accelerated to complete the project by the required completion time.
a
67. The estimated duration for each activity is indicated by a bar spanning the period a. during which the activity is expected to be accomplished. b. of the part of the activity that has more than one work resource assigned. c. during which the activity has waiting time for the activity to be accomplished. d. during which the project is expected to be accomplished.
a
68. As the project progresses, the actual finish times (AFs) of completed activities will determine a. the earliest start and earliest finish times for the remaining activities in the network diagram, as well as the total slack. b. the earliest start and earliest finish times for the completed activities in the network diagram, as well as the total slack. c. the latest start and latest finish times for the remaining activities in the network diagram, as well as the total slack. d. the latest start and latest finish times for the completed activities in the network diagram, as well as the total slack.
a
73. The key to effective project control is measuring actual progress and comparing it to planned progress on a timely and regular basis and a. taking any needed corrective action immediately. b. leaving the project to self-correct. c. fast tracking all the activities in the project until the project is ahead of schedule. d. making sure the critical path doesn't change.
a
80. Agile project management is an approach to ____ product development time while ____ risk through continuous interaction between the customer and small self-organizing teams that produce increments of working product. a. reduce, minimizing b. increase, maximizing c. reduce, maximizing d. increase, minimizing
a
15. Activities can be delayed only to the point where all their positive slack is used up, as any further delays would cause the project to a. increase costs of all the activities in the project. b. extend beyond the project completion time. c. be completed ahead of schedule. d. increase its requirements for additional resources for all activities.
b
2. The statement, "Network diagrams illustrate the technical constraints among activities," means the activities are constrained because a. each of the activities are independent from the other activities. b. one activity cannot be started until the predecessors are finished. c. the activities use different resources to be completed. d. some activities use the same resources that may not be available.
b
21. Facilities costs in the project costs estimate are for a. general facilities for the project organization. b. special facilities or additional space for the project team. c. special facilities or additional space for the organization where other projects will be in progress. d. storage of materials even if not for the project.
b
23. At a minimum, network diagrams illustrate the ____ constraints among activities. a. referential b. technical c. check d. entity
b
25. At the beginning of the project, it may not be possible to estimate the costs for all activities with a level of confidence regarding their accuracy. This is especially true for a. projects with a short term. b. longer-term projects. c. projects that are similar to ones completed by the organization before. d. projects with activities that are serially related.
b
25. Resource utilization charts based on each activity's latest start time are said to be based on an ____ schedule. a. as-soon-as-possible b. as-late-as-possible c. as-needed
b
31. Resource constraints are represented in the network diagram by a. drawing the activities with common resources in a loop format. b. drawing the activities to reflect the availability of a limited quantity of resources. c. drawing the activities with different resources in a serial relationship. d. drawing the activities with a common finish date.
b
32. When the budgets for all the work packages are summed, a. they should exceed the amount of funds available. b. they cannot exceed the total project budgeted cost. c. if the total is too high then the amounts should be force-fitted into the customer's budget. d. if the total is too low then extra non-project expenses should be added.
b
33. When considering the availability of resources, it may be necessary to make some assumptions, such as a. the unemployment rate in the community. b. the ability to hire additional individuals with the appropriate expertise in time for when they will be required to work on a project. c. the number of project deliverables. d. the type of organizational structure of the sponsor.
b
35. Resources in a project are a. human resources only b. work, material, or cost resources c. always assigned in a resource-limited manner d. unlimited in quantity
b
36. The ____ for the entire project or each work package provides a baseline against which actual cost and work performance can be compared at any time during the project. a. total budgeted cost (TBC) b. cumulative budgeted cost (CBC) c. cumulative earned value (CEV) d. cumulative actual cost (CAC)
b
36. When estimating the types and quantities of resources required for each specific activity, it is valuable to involve a person who a. is hired by the customer to be a consultant regardless of experience on the type of project. b. has expertise or experience with the activity to help make the estimate. c. has experience negotiating contracts. d. has the most experience using a project management information system.
b
36. When planning a project, it is necessary to estimate a. the priorities of the activities to display in the resource requirements plan. b. the types and quantities of resources required to perform each activity. c. the dependent relationship between resources and show the relationships in the network diagram. d. only the non-critical activities and their resources.
b
39. Large projects would have charge codes for the work package numbers to a. have a place for other projects to charge expenses. b. determine how the actual costs compare to the planned costs. c. have resources be able to determine what tasks they should complete. d. allow for cutting of the budget for the activities if need to cut the budget.
b
40. Committed costs need to be treated in a special way so that the system a. audits the amounts assigned. b. periodically assigns a portion of their total cost to actual cost. c. enters the amount of the cost one time at the end of the project. d. enters the amount of the cost one time at the beginning of the project.
b
40. Which of the following is likely not to be a process in a project management information system? a. Test resolutions to any scheduling conflicts. b. Use the nine-step problem solving method in the system. c. Level or smooth the resources automatically. d. Create charges for resources.
b
42. With projects for which there is a high degree of uncertainty about the estimated durations for activities, it is possible to use three time estimates: a. an original estimate, a petrified estimate, and a most likely estimate. b. an optimistic estimate, a pessimistic estimate, and a most likely estimate. c. an optimized estimate, a primary estimate, and a most likely estimate. d. an opportunity estimate, a pragmatic estimate, and a most likely estimate.
b
45. When performing resource-limited scheduling, those activities with highest priority are a. those activities using the same resource b. those activities with the least slack. c. those activities using a different resource. d. all activities have the same priority.
b
46. The ES and EF times are determined by calculating forward, that is, by a. adding all the times together for the project. b. working through the network diagram from the beginning of the project to the end of the project. c. calculating the optimistic and pessimistic times for the project. d. working through the network diagram from the end of the project to the beginning of the project.
b
49. Calculate the earliest start for Task B if its predecessor, Task A, finishes on day 3 and the duration of Task B is 2 days. a. day 5 b. day 3 c. day 1 d. Cannot be calculated based upon information given.
b
5. Select which of the following does not describe how the sequence of activities can be drawn to reflect the availability of a limited quantity of resources. a. The activities using the limited resources are shown in a ladder relationship as they are available. b. The activities using the limited resources are shown in a loop relationship as they are available. c. The activities requiring the limited resource are assigned at different times. d. If there is no technical constraint for the activities, the activities could be arranged serially by the availability of the resources.
b
52. Latest finish time (LF) is the latest time by which a specific activity must be a. started in order for the entire project to be finished by its required completion time. b. completed in order for the entire project to be finished by its required completion time. c. started in order for the entire project to be started by its required completion time. d. completed in order for the entire project to be started by its required completion time.
b
59. Total slack for the project is the difference between a. LF time of last activity and the project required completion time. b. EF time of last activity and the project required completion time. c. ES time of last activity and the project required completion time. d. LS time of last activity and the project required completion time.
b
64. Free slack is the amount of time a specific activity can be a. postponed without delaying the earliest start time of its immediately preceding activities. b. postponed without delaying the earliest start time of its immediately succeeding activities. c. accelerated without delaying the latest start time of its immediately succeeding activities. d. accelerated without delaying the latest finish time of its immediately preceding activities.
b
66. The total completion time is 25 days. Task A is planned to take seven days. Task B is planned to take five days. Task C is planned to take eight days. The tasks have a serial relationship. How much slack does the project have? a. Negative 5 days slack. b. Positive 5 days slack. c. Positive 17 days slack. d. Positive 3 days slack.
b
74. With respect to the project schedule, changes can result in any of the following except a. the addition or deletion of activities. b. the initial planning and sequencing of activities. c. changes to estimated durations for specific activities. d. a new required completion time for the project.
b
78. Schedule control involves four steps. Place these steps in their proper order by stating the letter sequence of their proper order. A. Analyzing the schedule to determine which areas may need corrective action B. Recalculating the schedule to evaluate the effects of the planned corrective actions C. Revising the plan to incorporate the chosen corrective actions D. Deciding what specific corrective actions should be taken a. A,B,C,D b. A,D,C,B c. D,A,C,B d. D,A,B,C
b
92. The ____ and ____ times are determined by working through the network diagram from the end of the project to the beginning of the project. a. ES, EF b. LF, LS c. ES, LS d. EF, LF
b
13. Resource leveling, or smoothing, levels the resources so that a. equal number of resources is assigned to each task. b. an equal number of tasks are completed each day by the resources on the project. c. they are applied as uniformly as possible without extending the project schedule beyond the required completion time. d. the costs for the resources are even as possible across the project.
c
19. Materials costs in the project costs estimate are the estimated costs of materials that the project team or contractor a. want to have in supply in the office. b. needs even if not for this particular project. c. needs to purchase for the project. d. might want to use on the project.
c
20. Equipment costs in the project costs estimate are for equipment a. that the organization wants to have. b. that is the latest upgrade, even if not needed for the project. c. that must be purchased as part of the project. d. needed by others in the organization that may not be assigned to the project.
c
21. In resource-limited scheduling, the lower priority activities get delayed. How does the delaying of activities affect the project? a. The delaying of activities increases the costs of the project. b. The delaying of activities decreases the acceptance of the project deliverable. c. The delaying of activities may delay the project. d. The delaying of activities helps give others more time on their tasks because they won't affect the project schedule.
c
24. Activities in a network diagram are drawn in a ____ relationship because, from a technical standpoint, they must be performed in that sequence. a. parallel b. vector c. serial d. interlocking
c
27. ___ is a method for developing the shortest schedule when the number or amount of available resources is fixed. a. Resource evaluation scheduling b. Resource monitoring c. Resource limited scheduling d. Resource leveling
c
28. The budget for each work package is a. charged completely on the first day of the work package. b. charged at the end of the project. c. distributed over the duration of the work package. d. charged completely on the last day of the work package.
c
3. Why are activities drawn in a serial relationship in a network diagram? a. The activities use different resources. b. The activities are independent of each other. c. From a technical standpoint, the activities must be performed in that sequence. d. The order of completion doesn't matter.
c
30. Technical constraints for a project are represented in a network diagram by a. drawing the activities in a ladder arrangement. b. drawing the activities in a loop format. c. drawing the activities in a serial relationship. d. drawing all the activities with a common start date.
c
31. Often, the sum of the initial estimated costs is greater than the amount of funds budgeted by the sponsor. What should be done to arrive at an acceptable budget amount? a. Cut the cost of the highest priced activity in half until the budget is reached. b. Trade experienced and efficient resources for less experienced and less efficient resources. c. Revise the budget expecting that several iterations may need to be made to reduce the costs. d. Extend the scope of the project.
c
32. It is important to know what types of resources are available, in what quantities, and during what time periods to determine a. that the project team will be larger than necessary to complete the project. b. how to enter resources into a project management information system. c. if the right types of resources will be available in sufficient quantities during the time periods that the project requires. d. that the project will be less expensive than estimated
c
32. The resource requirements plan illustrates a. the utilization of human resources and their primary responsibility. b. how the resources should be leveled. c. the expected utilization of resources by time period during the time span of the project. d. the primary and secondary responsibilities for the project.
c
34. In many cases, especially for smaller projects, most activities involve people resources—that is, a. all the people who are employed by the project sponsor. b. all the people who are employed by the project contractor. c. the members of the project team who may be utilized full time or part time during the project. d. the stakeholders for the project.
c
35. The ____ is the amount that was budgeted to accomplish the work that was scheduled to be performed up to that point in time. a. total budgeted cost (TBC) b. cumulative actual cost (CAC) c. cumulative budgeted cost (CBC) d. cumulative earned value (CEV)
c
38. Having the person who will be responsible for performing a specific activity estimate the duration for that activity ____ from that person and ____ that may be introduced by having one person estimate the durations for all of the activities. a. takes more effort, creates a problem b. gives the status of the project, sets best practices c. generates a commitment , avoids any bias d. elevates the placement perception, creates errors
c
38. To keep track of ____, it's necessary to set up a system to collect, on a regular and timely basis, data on funds actually expended. a. budgeted cost of work scheduled b. planned cost of the project c. actual cost on a project d. budgeted cost of work performed
c
39. Resource requirements graphs based on an as-late-as-possible schedule are drawn a. based on each activity's earliest start time b. based on each activity's earliest finish time. c. based on each activity's latest start time. d. based on each activity's latest finish time.
c
42. As data are collected on ____, including portions of any committed cost, they need to be totaled by work package so that they can be compared to the ____ a. planned cost, total budgeted cost. b. budgeted cost of work scheduled, actual cost of work performed. c. actual cost, cumulative budgeted cost. d. cumulative earned value, total budgeted cost.
c
43. In order to establish a basis from which to calculate a schedule using the estimated durations for the activities, it is necessary to a. say who has responsibility for the first task. b. enter the tasks into a project management information system. c. select an estimated start time and a required completion time for the overall project. d. edit the calendars for the resources in the project management information system.
c
47. The earliest start time for a specific activity must be ____ the latest of all the earliest finish times of all the activities leading directly into that specific activity. a. earlier than b. the same as c. the same as or later than d. later than
c
54. Latest start time is calculated by a. subtracting the activity's estimated duration from the activity's succeeding activity's latest finish time: LS = LF succeeding activity - Estimated Duration. b. adding the activity's estimated duration to the predecessor of the activity's latest start time: LS = LS predecessor + Estimated Duration. c. subtracting the activity's estimated duration from the activity's latest finish time: LS = LF - Estimated Duration. d. adding the activity's estimated duration to the activity's latest finish time: LS = LF + Estimated Duration.
c
55. Calculate the latest finish for Task B if its predecessor, Task A, finishes on day 3, its succeeding activity, Task E, has a latest start of day 7, and the duration of Task B is 2 days. a. day 5 b. day 3 c. day 7 d. Cannot be calculated based upon information given.
c
6. A resource requirements plan illustrates a. who is responsible for which activities. b. the amount of labor expenses for the project. c. the expected utilization of resources by time period during the time span of the project. d. the budget for material and cost resources.
c
61. Total slack is calculated for each of the activities by finding the difference between a. the ES of the activity and the LF of the activity or the difference between the EF and LS of the activity. b. the EF of the activity and the LS of the activity or the difference between the ES and LF of the activity. c. the EF of the activity and the LF of the activity or the difference between the ES and LS of the activity. d. the ES of the activity and the LF of the activity or the difference between the ES and LF of the activity.
c
65. Free slack is calculated by finding the lowest of the values of total slack for all the activities entering into a specific activity and then a. adding it from the values of total slack for the other activities also entering into that same activity. b. subtracting it from the values of total slack for the other activities succeeding after that same activity. c. subtracting it from the values of total slack for the other activities also entering into that same activity. d. adding it from the values of total slack for the other activities succeeding after that same activity.
c
72. The project control process must occur regularly throughout the project and include all of the following except a. Record information on changes to the project scope, schedule, and budget. b. Gather data on actual performance. c. Having a single inspection of the project's deliverables at the end of the project. d. Establish regular reporting meetings to compare actual to planned progress.
c
77. Eliminating negative slack by reducing durations of activities will involve a trade-off in the form of a. no change in costs and an increase in scope. b. a decrease in costs and an expansion in scope. c. an increase in costs or a reduction in scope. d. an decrease in costs and no change in scope.
c
81. The project team member also referred to as the customer representative and responsible for defining the customer requirements and product features and for ensuring that the development team delivers an end product with the required features is the a. Scrum master. b. project manager. c. product owner. d. sprint timer.
c
87. The overall window of time in which a project must be completed is defined by its ____ time and ____ time. a. earliest start, earliest finish b. latest start, latest finish c. estimated start, required completion d. critical, most critical
c
90. Earliest finish time (EF) is calculated ____. a. by dividing the activity's latest finish time by the activity's earliest start time. b. by multiplying the activity's duration estimate with the activity's latest finish time. c. by adding the activity's duration estimate to the activity's earliest start time. d. by subtracting the activity's duration estimate from the activity's latest finish time.
c
14. The start of noncritical activities are delayed beyond their earliest start times (but not beyond their latest start times) in order to a. schedule with a technical constraint. b. schedule with a resource constraint. c. level the costs of the project. d. maintain a uniform level of required resources.
d
19. Resource-limited scheduling is a method for a. developing a schedule that attempts to minimize the fluctuations in requirements for resources. b. making sure all the resources do the same amount of work. c. making sure every task has the same number of resources. d. developing the shortest schedule when the number or amount of available resources is fixed and cannot be exceeded.
d
22. Costs related to ____ are for outsourced work when the project teams or contractors do not have the expertise or resources to do certain project tasks. a. benefactors and suppliers b. stakeholders c. reserve and withholding d. subcontractors and consultants
d
28. ____ is an iterative method in which resources are allocated to activities based on the least slack. a. Resource evaluation scheduling b. Resource monitoring c. Resource leveling d. Resource limited scheduling
d
29. Allocating total project costs for the various elements to the appropriate work packages will establish a. the committed costs for the work package. b. the anticipated expense for the work package. c. how to apply resources to the work package. d. a total budgeted cost (TBC) for each work package.
d
41. Resource leveling uses a trial-and-error method to test delaying a. all activities with a positive slack b. all non-critical activities c. all critical activities d. only non-critical activities with positive slack
d
41. Throughout the performance of the project, some activities will take longer than their estimated duration, others will be done in less time than their estimated duration, and a. many will take no time to complete. b. many will not be completed. c. others are to be done by two project teams. d. a few may conform to the estimated duration exactly.
d
43. Earned value, the value of ____, is a key parameter that must be determined throughout the project. a. the work scheduled b. the resources used c. the resources assigned d. the work actually performed
d
45. Earliest finish time (EF) is the earliest time by which a specific activity can be completed, calculated a. by subtracting the activity's estimated duration from the earliest finish time of the activity's predecessor: EF = EF predecessor - Estimated Duration. b. by subtracting the activity's estimated duration to the activity's earliest start time: EF = ES - Estimated Duration. c. by adding the activity's estimated duration to the earliest start time of the activity's succeeding activity: EF = ES succeeding activity + Estimated Duration. d. by adding the activity's estimated duration to the activity's earliest start time: EF = ES + Estimated Duration.
d
63. Positive slack indicates the maximum amount of time a. that the activities on the critical path should be accelerated to complete the project by the required completion time. b. that each of the activities in the project can be delayed without jeopardizing completion of the project by the required completion time. c. that the activities with the positive slack should be accelerated to complete the project by the required completion time. d. that the activities on a particular path can be delayed without jeopardizing completion of the project by the required completion time.
d
7. If resources are to be considered in planning, it is necessary to a. when each is taking vacation time or time off. b. know the name of each resource on the project. c. list all the projects to which the resources have been assigned. d. indicate the amounts and types of resources needed to perform each activity.
d
71. The project control process involves all of the following except a. regularly gathering data on project performance. b. comparing actual performance to planned performance. c. taking corrective action immediately if actual performance is behind planned performance. d. having social gatherings with the project team.
d
85. The Scrum master is ____ as a project manager in that he ____ responsibility for the people on the development team. a. the same, has indirect b. the same, has direct c. not the same, has direct d. not the same, does not have direct
d
94. Total slack is calculated by ____. a. subtracting the activity's duration estimate from the activity's latest finish time b. adding the activity's duration estimate to the activity's earliest start time c. finding the relative difference between values of free slack for activities entering into the same activity. d. subtracting the activity's earliest finish (or start) time from its latest finish (or start) time.
d
