MGMT ALL QUIZ 3&4 FOR EXAM 2

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All global new ventures share two common factors. One is the bringing of a good or service to several different foreign markets at the same time. The other is ____.

a. a mechanistic organizational culture B. NONE OF THESE c. the development of culturally-specific implementation policies d. the ability to respond quickly and efficiently to any changes in the external environment e. the use of local adaptation strategy

What are some of the advantages of decentralization?

- It develops employee capabilities throughout the company - Leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

What does organizational development aim to change?

-Assumes that top management support is necessary for change to succeed - Creates change by educating workers and managers to change ideas, beliefs, and behaviors so problems can be solved in new ways - Emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems

Large accounting ages its typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. This allows them to serve the needs of their clients, by using _____ departmentalization

A customer

Design iteration

A cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on the design, and then builds and tests the improved product or service prototype. A product prototype is a full-scale working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability.

Design Iteration

A cycle repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved prototype

technology cycle

A cycle that begins with the "birth" of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, better technology

Which of the following is a difference between a diversity program and an affirmative action program?

A diversity program aims at creating a positive work environment where no one is advantaged or disadvantaged, whereas an affirmative action program aims at compensating for past discrimination and preventing ongoing discrimination.

If a technological innovation follows the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, which of the following will indicate that small amounts of effort, in terms of money or research and development, will lead to significant increase in technological performance?

A steeper slope at the midpoint of the curve

What is GAAT? (dont really need to know)

A worldwide trade agreement that reduced and eliminated tariffs, limited government subsidies, and established protections for intellectual properties

Two of the most important results of a job analysis are ____. a. job descriptions and job specifications b. employee-needs assessment and job mapping c. rater training and selection validation d. employee-needs assessment and performance appraisal evaluation e. recruiting guidelines and selection boundaries

A) job descriptions and job specifications

Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity? a. the learning and effectiveness paradigm b. the affirmative action paradigm c. the sociocultural paradigm d. the Machiavellian paradigm e. the paradigm of organizational diversity

A) the learning and effectiveness paradigm

____ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness. a. Affective conflict b. Behavioral conflict c. Development of team norms d. Low cohesiveness e. Cognitive conflict

A)Affective conflict

Which of the following types of information would typically be collected as part of a job analysis? a. tools and equipment used b. all of these c. work activities d. knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to do the job e. job context

B)all of these

____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective. a. Norm cohesiveness b. Integrative focus c. Social integration d. Social attraction e. Social cohesiveness

C)Social integration

____ are long-term, low-interest loans, cash grants, and tax deductions used to develop and protect companies or special industries. a. Tariffs b. Quotas c. Subsidies d. Cooperative contracts e. Voluntary export restraints

C)Subsidies

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions? a. extraversion b. conscientiousness c. empathy d. emotional stability e. agreeableness

C)empathy

The ____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation. a. generational b. dialectical c. prototypical d. milestones e. compression

E)compression

The ____ strategy of minimizing or adapting to the political risk inherent to global business makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts. a. defensive b. control c. avoidance d. offensive e. cooperation

E)cooperation

With divisions that focus on business clients and consumer clients, companies like Sprint, American Express, and others are examples of ____ departmentalization. a. matrix b. product c. boundaryless d. functional e. customer

E)customer

An individual's ____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner. a. locus of control b. attitude c. motivation d. personality e. disposition

E)disposition

To ensure that sexual harassment laws are followed and not violated, companies should ____. a. respect the privacy of the accused and the accusers b. make sure they are acting in compliance with not only federal but also local laws c. write a clear, understandable, strongly worded policy that is well publicized within the company d. respond immediately when sexual harassment is reported e. do all of these

E)do all of these

Job specialization can result in ____. a. complicated job designs b. low employee turnover c. low absenteeism d. high job satisfaction e. employee boredom

E)employee boredom

The evidence clearly shows that __________ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment. a. the amount of language training provided to the expatriate b. the similarity of the foreign language to the expatriate's native language c. how willing the expatriate was to accept the foreign assignment d. the amount of cross-cultural training provided to the expatriate e. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

E)how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

The chain of command ____. a. is only relevant in mechanistic organizations b. acts at cross-purposes to the unity of command principle c. does not permit delegation of authority d. is the horizontal line of authority that indicates at which level of management an individual belongs e. is described by none of these

E)is described by none of these

What is the primary disadvantage to job specialization?

Even though it is easy to learn , they quickly become boring

According to Kurt Lewin, managing organizational change is a simple process that requires organizational dialogue, change intervention, and reformatting

False

Organizational innovation is defined as "doing things differently" inside an organization.

False

Resistance to change usually results from organizational factors: such as the absence of promotion guidelines, bonuses, and praise.

False

Technology cycles for low-tech products follow the typical U-curve pattern cycle of innovation

False

There is general agreement regarding what is socially responsible corporate behavior

False

Cross-department coordination tends to be very easy in organizations with functional departmentalization

False; cross-department coordination can be difficult with functional departmentalization

Organizational innovation is defined as "doing things differently" inside an organization

False; organizational innovation is the successful implementation of creative ideas in an organization

3 significant disadvantages that teams and teamwork are prone to are initially high turnover, social loafing, and legal risk

False; the disadvantages are initially high turnover, social loafing, and groupthink

Social Responsibility Perspective

Firms have responsibilities and obligations to society as a whole, not just shareholders. If maximizing shareholder's equity is the primary goal, cost saving alternatives can be used that are not socially responsible, as we saw in the case of Nike and sweatshop labor.

When incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version, ____ is said to have occurred. a. coercive change b. intuitive change c. generational change d. a milestone e. discontinuous innovation

C)generational change

In order to be considered ____, recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisals, and employee separations must be valid and be directly related to the important aspects of the job and identified by a careful job analysis. a. concrete b. reliable c. job-related d. employee related e. competitive

C)job-related

Technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, incremental change

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consists of

What is the key lesson from USA Today becoming the number one company in the newspaper industry?

In order to be successful, you must break the rule of game

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline. a. structure or personnel requirements b. internal resource environment c. knowledge, tools, and techniques d. way information is integrated e. human, technical, and conceptual skills needed

C)knowdledge,tools, and techniques

A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication. a. organic b. departmentalized c. mechanistic d. standardized e. modular

C)mechanistic

Hallmark has four departments. These departments are (1) Flowers and Gifts, (2) Cards and E-cards, (3) Hallmark Collectibles, and (4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ____ departmentalization. a. customer b. geographic c. product d. functional e. matrix

C)product

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____. a. utility b. synergy c. accountability d. reciprocity e. empathy

C)reciprocity

A(n) ____ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task. a. cross-functional team b. project team c. virtual team d. international group e. self-managing team

C)virtual team

Which of the following statements is true of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)?

It requires that employers provide employees with a workplace that is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm.

Which of the following statements is true of global consistency?

It simplifies decisions for managers at company headquarters.

____ is characterized by simple, easy-to-learn steps; low variety; and high repetition.

Job specialization

______ is characterized by simple, easy-to-learn steps; low variety; and high repetition

Job specialization

What is the most common strategic alliance called?

Joint Venture -A strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company

What are the methods for managing resistance change? Which should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

Coercion: the use of formal power and authority to force others to change - Coercion should only be used when a crisis exists or when all other attempts to reduce resistance to change have failed

When Coca-Cola discovered it had an unauthorized bottler selling Coke in the Colombian jungle, it used the rational decision making process to find a solution. What do you know about the stage in which Coke evaluated its possible courses of action?

Coke found this stage to be the most time-consuming of all the stages.

____ is the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices if it helps teams meet their stretch goals.

Structural accommodation

programmed decisions

a standard response to a typical or routine problem; high level of certainty; rules and procedures spell out the correct way to respond

mission statement

a statement that articulates the fundamental purpose of the organization; often contains many components (i.e. philosophy, identity/self-concept, customers/markets, etc.)

flow

The psychological state of effortlessness in which you become absorbed in your work and time seems to pass quickly

Cost Leadership

a strategy that involves being the lowest-cost producer of a product or provider of a service while charging only slightly less than industry average prices *can only be gained through economies of scale*

Focus Strategy

a strategy that targets a particular market segment or niche

Differentiation

a strategy to gain competitive advantage by making a product or service different from those of its competitors through style, quality, speed, etc. firms must continually search for market opportunities and develop new products to exploit these opportunities *allows firm to demand a premium price*

National Culture

The set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of the people from a particular country

Organizational Innovation

The successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

Which of the following is a disadvantage of modular organizations?

They are characterized by a loss of control that occurs when key business activities are outsourced to other companies.

In the context of organizational environments, which of the following is true of mechanistic organizations?

They are characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities.

Why are intangible resources more important?

They are harder to copy

Identify a true statement about team norms.

They bestow stronger organizational commitment.

what do change agents do?

They clarify the problem, gather information, work with decision makers to create and implement an action plan, helps to evaluate the plans effectiveness, implements the plan throughout the company, and then leaves (if from outside the company) after making sure the change intervention will continue to work

Which of the following statements is true of self-designing teams?

They control work tasks and team membership.

Which of the following is an error that managers make in the refreezing phase?

They declare victory too soon.

A creative work environment requires organizational encouragement and supervisory encouragement as well as work group encouragement.

True

A technology cycle begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies; it is then replaced by newer, substantially better technology.

True

As a leader behavior, initiating structure is the degree to which a leader structures the roles of followers by setting goals, giving directions, setting deadlines, and assigning tasks

True

Companies that want to sustain a competitive advantage must understand and protect themselves from the strategic threats of innovation.

True

Deciding where to "go global" is just as important as deciding how your company will go global

True

Declaring victory too soon is one of the mistakes managers often make in the refreezing stage of change.

True

Different businesses often need different combinations of global consistency and local adaptation

True

Even though education and communication, participation, negotiation, top management support, and coercion can all be used to manage resistance to change, coercion should be used only in a crisis or as a last resort

True

In general, skill-based pay is most effective for managing the performance of self-managing and self-directing teams

True

Probability of effect is the chance that something will happen and then result in harm to others

True

Rationalizing or distorting outcomes may be used when other ways to restore equity aren't available

True

Teams are typically required when tasks are complex, require multiple perspectives, or require repeated interaction with others to complete

True

Under the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines, companies without compliance programs can pay fines many times larger than companies with established compliance programs

True

proactive customer monitoring

Two homebuilders are building homes in nearby subdivisions. One is offering 2,500-square-foot homes with two-acre yards. The other is offering a similar size of house with quarter-acre yards. The builder offering the smaller lots cannot keep up with demand. The builder offering the larger lots has several unsold houses. The builder with the smaller lots most likely used ____ to determine what homebuyers desired.

What is one of the key assumptions underlying the chain of command?

Unity of Command; a management principle that workers should report to just one boss

The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the ____.

World Trade Organization

General Electric workout

a three- day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems

Benchmarking

a tool for assessing the environment that involves identifying the best practices of your competitors and noncompetitors (can result in competitive advantage) and the results they produce

The signing of the______created a regional trading zone in Europe. a. Maastricht Treaty b. Pact for Free Trade Agreement c. Global Agreement for Transactional Trading (GATT) d. South-East Asia Pact e. all of these

a The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union (EU) trading zone.

Gantt chart

a tool used to graphically display the sequence and timing of specific actions, both planned and actual. Time appears on the horizontal axis and tasks to be done appear on the vertical axis. Shows what tasks must be done before others, and the overlap in time

Several Arab countries boycott Coca-Cola products because the soft-drink company maintains product distributors in Israel. This boycott is an example of _____.

a trade barrier

Strategic vision

a view of the firm over the long term that describes what it should achieve in the future

____ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness.

a. Affective conflict

How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?

a. by creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements

Because workplace injuries cost U.S. businesses $1 billion every week, increased safety compliance needs to become a practice, not just a theory. The goal of developing safety consciousness within the workforce requires continuous reinforcement at every organizational level. This means ____.

a consequence must be delivered following every instance of behavior

Design iteration

a cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved prototype

Design Iteration

a cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved prototype.

Technology cycle

a cycle that begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology

nonprogrammed response

a decision about a problem that is either poorly defined or novel; past decisions are of little help *these are the kind of decisions top managers make

organizational change

a difference in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time

Organizational Change

a difference in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

The auto industry has been perfecting the internal combustion engine (ICE) for some 120 years. The Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (PNGV), a cooperative program between the Big Three and the U.S. government to replace ICEs with electric engines, has been operating since 1993. The internal combustion engine (ICE) is an example of ____.

a dominant design

Product Prototype

a full scale, working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability.

Product prototype

a full- scale, working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability

____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of people from a particular country.

National Culture

____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of people from a particular country.

National culture

Robert Mondavi Wineries entered into an agreement with Baron Philippe de Rothschild, owner of Boreaux's First Growth chateau, to produce a top quality wine in California. The two companies working together to create a new product is an example of ____.

a joint venture

Organizational decline

a large decrease in organizational performance that occurs when companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival

Organizational Decline

a large decrease in organizational performance that occurs when companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival.

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

Resistance to change will not occur when those affected by the change participate in its planning and implementation.

Which of the following is NOT one of the rules for effective brainstorming?

Select an open-minded group leader.

Which of the following kinds of teams have the most autonomy?

Self-designing teams

Which of the following factors causes resistance to change?

Self-interest

Exporting

Selling domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries

____ stakeholders are any groups that can influence or be influenced by the company and can affect public perceptions about its socially responsible behavior.

Secondary

Dominant Design

a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard

S- curve pattern of innovation

a pattern of techno-logical innovation characterized by slow initial progress, then rapid progress, and then slow progress again as a technology matures and reaches its limits

S curve

a pattern of technological innovation characterized by slow initial progress, then rapid progress, and then slow progress again as a technology matures and reaches its limits.

____ involves managing the daily production of goods and services.

Operations management

Organizational development

a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organization's long- term health and performance

PEST Analysis

P olitical/legal E conomic S ocial/cultural T echnological

What is the difference between political uncertainty and policy uncertainty?

Political Uncertainty- is associated with the risk of major changes in political regimes that can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, social unrest, or other influential events. Policy Uncertainty- refers to the risk associated with changes in laws and government policies that directly affect the way foreign companies conduct business

Organization Development

a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organization's long-term health and performance.

generational change

Portrance's iX processor is the latest installment in the Portrance microprocessor product line. It is fully backward compatible with the earlier versions of the microprocessor. Which of the following terms best describes this dominance of Portrance's new iX processor over its older versions?

In an organization, which of the following acts as a hindrance to a creative work environment?

Presence of internal conflict

Which of the following is an example of adverse impact, a criterion used in determining whether companies have engaged in discriminatory hiring and promotion practices?

Sixty percent of the questions on a competitive exam taken by blacks, Hispanics, and Chinese were on African American history, and most of the candidates who passed the test were blacks.

Flow

a psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you're doing and time seems to pass quickly

Heuristic

a rule that guides the search for alternatives into areas that have a high probability for yielding success; "rule of thumb"

Decentralization ____. a. leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees b. is accurately described by all of these c. is more appropriate where standardization is important d. is characteristic of large companies e. tends to stymie employee capabilities

a. leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

a. milestones b. compression- CORRECT c. prototypical d. dialectical e. generational

a. political uncertainty

A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

a. process b. cycle- CORRECT c. continuum d. pattern e. hierarchy

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?

a. the removal of organizational impediments b. the development of challenging work c. all of these- CORRECT d. the granting of autonomy e. organizational encouragement

A drawback of virtual teams is that:

a. their members must learn to express themselves in new contexts

The least amount of autonomy is found in ____

a. traditional work groups

The term ____ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.

a. uncertainty avoidance

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____

a. unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

A(n) _____ is defined as a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes

a. work team

Retrospective Decision Model

aka implicit favorite model (the alternative you want) model that focuses on how decision makers attempt to rationalize their choices after they are made; emphasizes intuitive decision making

Team norms in an organization can create ____.

all of these

Which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment?

all of these

Which of the following organizations are covered by the U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines?

all of these

Which of the following statements describe an advantage teams have over individuals in the decision-making process?

all of these describe advantage teams have over individuals in the decision-making process

The purpose of multifunctional teams is to _______.

allow organizations to concentrate on their internal environments and ignore the external environments until they have completed the brainstorming process

Experiential Approach to Innovation

an approach to innovation that assumed a highly uncertain environments and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

Compression Approach to Innovation

an approach to innovation that assumed that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation.

Experiential approach to innovation

an approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands- on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding

Compression approach to innovation

an approach to innovation that assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation

Anchoring and Adjusting Heuristic

an assessment made from a 'starting' value and adjusted to yield a final decision Example: uninformed secretary predicts starting salary, so you adjust it based on what you know

Availability Heuristic

an assessment of the frequency, probability, or likely causes of an event based on memory. Bias: ease of recall, retreivability Example: More deaths in the US from stomach cancer or car accidents?

Representativeness Heuristic

an assessment of the likelihood of an event's occurrence by the similarity of that occurrence to stereotypes of similar circumstances. Bias: misconceptions of chance Example: more words like this _ _ _ _ ing or like this _ _ _ _ _ n _ ?? you can think of more like the first

Franchising and Licensing

are both examples of cooperative contracts

Uganda is one of only two countries in the world that produce a mineral required in the manufacturing of cellular phones. A company which mines that rare mineral decided to not invest in the country due to a bloody civil war resulting from a change in rulers. The mining company used a(n) ____.

avoidance strategy

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the _____ in a field or discipline. Select one: a. human, technical, and conceptual skills needed b. knowledge, tools, and techniques c. internal resource environment d. way information is retrieved e. structure or personnel requirements

A(n)_______is a resource that is impossible or extremely costly or difficult for other firms to duplicate. a. rare b. imperfectly imitable c. nonsubstitutable d. strategically dissonant e. reliable

An expatriate is someone who_______. a. claims dual citizenship b. lives and works outside of his or her own country c. believes strongly in nationalization d. is unhappy with his or her present residence e. desires to be employed in a country outside of his or her own

The General Electric workout is a special kind of_______. a. activity-oriented change b. results-driven change c. generational change d. vision-driven change e. resources-driven change

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is______. a. overlapping of the individual steps b. planning c. supplier involvement d. granting autonomy e. creating multifunctional teams

The most important factor in an attractive business climate is the _____. Select one: a. presence of established markets b. easy access to growing markets c. high competition among companies d. high political risks e. limited infrastructure

._______is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry. a. Character of culture b. Competitive barrier c. Character of the rivalry d. Benchmarked rivalries e. Product substitutability

A news article on Latin America read, "Mexico is the closest Latin America gets to the U.S. both geographically and culturally." According to Hofstede, this means the Mexican culture_______. a. does not support individualism b. is strong in power distance c. has a masculine orientation d. is not oriented towards individualism e. is accurately described by all of these

A(n) _____ is a direct tax on imported goods. Select one: a. import subsidy b. nontariff barrier c. tariff d. trade roadblock e. boycott quota

According to Hofstede, when people in a culture are oriented to the present and seek immediate gratification, that culture is described as_______. a. having a long-term orientation b. masculine c. having a short-term orientation d. individualistic e. feminine

Backward compatibility is an important consideration for software users who are using an accounting program to facilitate their tax preparation and who want to use a newer version that has greater capacity. Therefore, many software manufacturers engage in_____. a. coercive change b. dominant design manipulation c. generational change d. intuitive change e. incremental modification

Cost leadership, differentiation, and focus are the three types of strategies discussed in the text. a. grand b. niche c. positioning d. restructuring e. portfolio

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance are called _____. Select one: a. prototypes b. dominant designs c. milestones d. change forces e. change agents

In the _____ stage of organizational decline, cutbacks and layoffs will have reduced the level of talent among employees. Select one: a. inaction b. faulty action c. crisis d. dissolution e. blinded

The use of milestones in the experiential approach to innovation_______. a. serves to eliminate manufacturing bottlenecks b. shortens the innovation process c. creates incrementally sustainable advantages d. virtually eliminates problems associated with the control function of management e. does all of these

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments? a. challenging work b. group compensation c. freedom d. supervisory encouragement e. organizational encouragement

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin? Select one: a. incremental change b. unfreezing c. change definition d. change mentoring e. organizational dialogue

_____ are two kinds of cooperative contracts. Select one: a. Licensing and joint ventures b. Franchising and licensing c. Joint ventures and strategies alliances d. Direct exporting and indirect exporting e. Direct investment and indirect investment

_____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies. Select one: a. Incremental environmental change b. Technological substitution c. Entropy d. Organizational synergy e. Transition management

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance _____

b. at the midpoint of the cycle

Organizational _____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

b. innovation

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ____.

b. innovation streams

Organizational development ____.

b. is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

In the context of organizational development interventions, the purpose of _____ interventions is to change the character and performance of an organization, business unit, or department

b. large-system

With _____, most employees report to two bosses

b. matrix departmentalization

Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at an automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____

b. organizational innovation

Bridget's Gift Store has four departments. These departments are grouped as flowers and gifts, cards and e-cards, Bridget's collectibles, and Photo albums and scrapbooks. Bridget's Gift Store most likely uses _____

b. product departmentalization

Two factors help determine the growth potential of foreign markets. They are foreign competition and:

b. purchasing power

A manager who wants to give his team the highest amount of autonomy should select _____

b. self-designing teams

An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is ____.

b. sharing the financial value of performance gains

An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is _____

b. sharing the financial value of performance gains

Teams are typically required when ____.

b. tasks require multiple perspectives

Teams are typically required when:

b. tasks require multiple perspectives

Global business is defined as____.

b. the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries

In the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____.

b. traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams

According to the job characteristics model, _____ means pushing some managerial authority down to workers

b. vertical loading

Due to an increase in the amount of employee turnover in a company, the company decided to be very thorough in gathering accurate information about the job applicants. It decided to uncover all job-related information not provided by the applicants in order to hire only those candidates who do not have an inconsistent employment history. This scenario illustrates that the company should conduct a _____.

background check

Which type of selection information would employers in the construction industry receive the greatest benefit from if their goal is to stop employee theft?

background checks

Nestlé is a company headquartered in Switzerland with manufacturing plants in Columbia, Australia, Canada, Egypt, Kenya, and more than 90 other nations. Nestlé is an example of a ____.

multinational corporation

All global new ventures share two common factors. One is the bringing of a good or service to several different foreign markets at the same time. The other is ____.

none of these

Which of the following is the best leadership style for all situations?

none of these

Innovation streams

patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

A(n) ____ is a standing plan that indicates the general course of action that should be taken in response to a particular event or situation.

policy

political uncertainty

What are the two types of political risk that affect companies conducting global business?

political uncertainty and policy uncertainty

In the context of task interdependence, in _____, each job or department contributes to the whole independently.

pooled interdependence

According to Harvard professor Michael Porter, five industry forces (character of rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitute products or services, bargaining power of suppliers, and the bargaining power of buyers) determine an industry's overall attractiveness and its ____.

potential for long-term profitability

A company implementing a(n) _____ strategy would demonstrate the greatest willingness on the part of the company to meet or exceed society's expectations.

proactive

product

Bridget's Gifts, a greetings and gifts store in Janville, has four departments: flowers and soft toys, cards and e-cards, metal collectibles, and photo albums and scrapbooks. These departments are responsible for producing their own products. This scenario is an example of _____.

product departmentalization

Dynamics Inc. is a company that specializes in household appliances. It is currently working on creating a new geyser that can heat water in less than five minutes. The company has developed a working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability. In terms of the experiential approach to innovation, this working model is called a _____.

product prototype

KelHouse Corp. specializes in mobile computing devices. It has developed a working model of a cell phone charger that can charge the battery of a cell phone in less than 15 minutes. This model is being tested for design, function, and reliability. In the context of the experiential approach to innovation, the working model is a(n) _____.

product prototype

creativity

production of novel and useful ideas

The ____ is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time.

project team

The _____ is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time

project team

which of the following kinds of team is always temporary

project team

powerful leaders

provide the vision, discipline, and motivation to keep innovation process focused, on time, and on target

The tree types of task interdependence are

reciprocal, pooled, and sequential

Simon Sinek emphasizes the concept of __________ to be a good manager/leader. What theory is more inline with his views?

safety; Theory Y

Which of the following is NOT an example of a commonly used operations management tool?

target marketing

Kodak is a company associate with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n)

technological discontinuity

Kodak is a company associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) ____.

technological discontinuity

The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.

technological discontinuity

The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with:

technological discontinuity

An innovation stream moves from one technology cycle to another through the process of ____.

technological substitution

An innovation stream moves from one technology cycle to another through the process of _____.

technological substitution

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by

technological substitution

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.

technological substitution

The access and legitimacy paradigm focuses on:

the acceptance and celebration of differences to ensure that the diversity within a company matches the diversity found among primary stakeholders.

Global business is defined as____.

the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries

how is global business defined?

the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries

Which of the following statements about Internet recruiting is true?

the company will only receive applications from qualified people.

One of the disadvantages associated with Internet training is

the cost of equipment and technology

Rational/Classic Decision Making Model

the earliest attempt to model the decision making process; a 7 step model of decision making. Sees decision maker as an optimizer. Describes how decision makers should (ideally) make decisions. Assumes: problems are clear, objectives are clear, all alternatives are known. Problem: people are not as rational as the classical model assumes

Creative work environments

workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged. creative work environments have six components that encourage creativity: challenging work, organizational encouragement, supervisory encouragement, work group encouragement, freedom, and a lack of organizational impediments.

Job specifications are:

written summaries of the qualifications needed to successfully perform a particular job.

Wholly owned affiliates

_____ are foreign offices, facilities, and manufacturing plants that are 100 percent owned by the parent company.

Which of the following programs seeks to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences instead of punishing them for not achieving specific sex and race ratios in their work forces?

A diversity program

_____ is the location of most authority at the upper levels of an organization.

Centralization of authority

In the context of organizational decline, which of the following is true of the crisis stage?

Companies lack the resources to fully change how they run their businesses.

Which of the following is a purpose of performance appraisals?

Evaluating human resource programs

Which of the following is a disadvantage of franchising?

Franchisors face a loss of control when they sell businesses to franchisees who are thousands of miles away.

Which of the following trade barriers is established to protect the health and safety of citizens?

Government import standards

Managing global joint ventures can be difficult because they: Select one: a. increase the number of tariffs that have to be paid. b. help companies to allow nontariff barriers to entry. c. represent a merging of four cultures. d. can only be used by large companies that already have an international presence. e. use local consistency in marketing.

Organizational development______. a. requires a steering committee b. takes a short-term approach to change c. is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions d. assumes that top management support is not necessary for change e. is accurately described by all of these

Coercion

In the context of resistance to change, _____ is the use of formal power and authority to force others to change.

Which of the following statements is true of resistance to change?

It decreases when change efforts receive significant managerial support.

Which of the following statements is true of the World Trade Organization?

It ensures that trade flows as predictably and freely as possible.

Which of the following defines job posting?

It is a procedure for advertising job openings within a company to existing employees.

When Leon was hired to manage the distribution center, his supervisor advised him to "Do things that satisfy followers today or will lead to future rewards or satisfaction" and "Offer employees something unique and valuable beyond what they're experiencing or can already do for themselves". Leon's supervisor's advice was designed to help Leon become a successful leader. Which leadership theory does Leon's supervisor apparently believe to be most effective in making a good leader?

the path-goal theory

Value Chain

the set of key activities that directly produce or support the production of a firm's products and service offered to customers

Testing

the systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations

Satisficing

the tendency for decision makers to accept the first alternative that meets their minimally acceptable requirements rather than push further for an alternative that produces the best results

The two major approaches to corporate-level strategy are______. a. portfolio strategies and secondary strategies b. grand strategies and temporal strategies c. grand strategies and the portfolio strategy d. the Boston matrix strategy and the Maslow strategy e. major strategies and minor strategies

Coercion

the use of formal power and authority to force others to change

In the context of the job characteristics model, which of the following best defines autonomy?

It is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the work.

Benson & Parker Advertising recently hired a fresh batch of copywriters and designers for their creative team. Initially, there was a lot of turbulence among the new team. In which stage of team development is this group at Benson & Parker Advertising most likely to resolve petty differences, develop friendships, and establish strong group cohesiveness?

c. Norming

_____ is defined as a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organization's long-term health and performance

c. Organizational development

_____ can be best defined as fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance such as cost, quality, service, and speed

c. Reengineering

In the context of managing change, _____ forces support the status quo

c. Resistance

in decentralized organizations what powers are given to workers who may run into problems in the field?

they have the authority to make the decisions necessary to solve the problem on their own

when a person of expertise is in a team, what tends to happen to other group members

they withhold their own efforts

Which of the following statements is true of technological lockout?

It occurs when a new dominant design prevents a company from competitively selling its products.

Which of the following statements is true of affective conflict?

It relates to the emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional.

Which of the following statements is true of the Maastricht Treaty of Europe?

Its purpose was to transform twelve different economies and currencies into one common economic market with one common currency.

Strategic Plans

complex and general; plans that focus on the broad future of the organization and incorporate both external and environmental demands and internal resources into managers' actions in planning for long-term objectives; focus on how to achieve goals 3-5 years in the future (related to Corporate and Business levels)

In a(n) ____, managers from different parts of the matrix report to matrix managers who help them sort out problems and conflicts.

complex matrix

It is appropriate to use a(n) ____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing technological design.

compression

It is appropriate to use a(n) _____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design.

compression

The _____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

compression

The __________ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

compression

The _____ assumes that innovation is a predictable process that can be planned using a series of steps and reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up the innovation process.

compression approach to managing innovation

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must

conduct a job analysis

Several Arab countries boycott Coca-Cola products because the soft-drink company maintains product distributors in Israel. This boycott is an example of______. a. geocentrism b. nationalism c. nationalization d. a trade barrier e. acculturation

d Trade barriers are defined as government imposed regulations that increase the cost and restrict the number of imported goods.

Identify the correct statement about team conflicts

d. Affective conflict occurs when team members disagree because their different experiences and expertise lead them to different views of the problem and solutions

. are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

creative work environment

Kodak is a company associated with photography and has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. Kodak can encourage the development of a culture where workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed by offering challenging work and supervisory encouragement. In other words, the company can create a(n) ____.

creative work environment

Levio is a company that develops mobile applications. It aims to become the market leader in its field. Levio focuses on developing a culture where workers are made to feel that new ideas are welcome. It plans to do this by offering challenging work and supervisory encouragement to its workers. In this scenario, the company is attempting to develop a(n) _____.

creative work environment

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

creative work environments

workplace clusters in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged

creative work environments

this refers to the production of novel and useful ideas

creativity

Which of the following statements describe an advantage teams have over individuals in the decision-making process?

d. All of these describe advantages teams have over individuals in the decision-making process.

Which of the following is NOT necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

d. Conflict management training

The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the:

d. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Which of the following statements is true about the compression approach to managing innovation?

d. It is used during periods of incremental change.

An organization should use teams when:

d. ample resources are available

A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has ____.

d. an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site

The two general kinds of trade barriers are _____. Select one: a. qualitative and quantitative barriers b. voluntary and involuntary barriers c. nationalistic and geocentric barriers d. tariff barriers and nontariff barriers e. government import standards and industry import standards

There are eight general steps for organizational development intervention. The first step is_____. a. pioneering b. inception c. introduction d. entry e. startup

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions? a. mentoring b. arbitration c. negotiation d. coercion e. reinforcement modification

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition. Select one: a. The technological growth stage b. Change substitution c. Technological adaptation d. Discontinuous change e. Technological lockout

_____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment. Select one: a. The similarity of a foreign language to an expatriate's native language b. The willingness of an expatriate to accept a foreign assignment c. The amount of cross-cultural training provided to an expatriate d. The willingness of an expatriate's spouse and family to adjust to a foreign culture e. The amount of language training provided to an expatriate

An organization which is a_____in terms of its adaptive strategy would NOT follow a consistent strategy. a. defender b. pioneer c. analyzer d. reactor e. prospector

d By definition, reactors base their strategy upon the changes that occur in their external environment. Pioneering is not an adaptive strategy discussed in the text.

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Since then, the company has maintained a technological leadership in the production of bike and bike accessories and an organizational culture that encourages innovation. Technological leadership, as well as its organizational culture, are the company's_____. a. customer sustainabilities b. organizational advantages c. relative competencies d. core capabilities e. superlative advantages

d Core capabilities are defined as the internal decision-making routines, problem-solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs.

Under conditions of advantage. ______, a competitive attack by the stronger rival is more likely to produce sustained competitive a. high market commonality b. high competitive autonomy c. high resource similarity d. low resource similarity e. low market commonality

d Direct competitors would be least able to effectively counter the attack of a stronger rival when they are at a resource disadvantage (low resource similarity + weaker company).

When making travel plans, many tourists have selected Thomas Cook, a British tour operation, because they perceive that no other tour company can duplicate the customer service and satisfaction that Thomas Cook has provided over its years of operation. Thomas Cook has apparently created a sustainable competitive advantage by using______resources. a. synergistic b. valuable c. tangible d. nonsubstitutable e. rare

d Nonsubstitutable resources are defined as those that produce value or competitive advantage and have no equivalent substitutes or replacements.

Which of the following is an example of a common approach to corporate-level strategy? a. positioning strategies b. adaptive strategies c. ROI strategies d. grand strategies e. none of these

d Portfolio strategy and grand strategy are the two common approaches to corporate-level strategy.

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. Specialized bikes have a large share of a fast-growing market. According to the BCG matrix, specialized mountain bikes would be classified as______. a. problem children b. cash cows c. exclamation points d. stars e. question marks

d Stars are companies with a large share of a fast-growing market.

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ____,

d. at both the beginning and end of the cycle

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance _____

d. at both the beginning and end of the cycle

The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of ____. a. adverse impact rulings b. gender selectivity c. benefits and features for occupational quality (BFOQs) d. bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs) e. the four-fifths rule

d. bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs)

With _____ conflict, team members disagree because their different experiences and expertise lead them to different views of the problem and solutions

d. cognitive

Raul, the CEO of Color Paints Inc. noticed that their plant loses considerable time daily because the assembly line has to be cleaned whenever the production schedule called for a different color to be produced. He, thus, established a team which was composed of employees from several different departments in order to solve this problem in a creative manner. This team came up with a solution that resulted in a significant increase in plant availability and an innovative alternative which successfully decreased plant downtime. This team exemplifies a(n) _____

d. cross-functional team

In the stages of team development, a team first moves from growth to decline during the _____ stage

d. de-norming

Discontinuous change is characterized by _____, in which an old technology and several different new technologies compete to establish a new technological standard or dominant design.

design competition

In _____, the old technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design.

design competition

Covisint is an e-commerce venture involving many car manufacturers that allows carmakers access to online auctions for buying component parts and materials. Because the idea of such a Web site was a new concept, the prototype site was built and tested, then revised and rebuilt for further testing before the Web site was ever offered to customers. The management concept of ____ was used to develop Covisint.

design iteration

Job evaluations

determine the worth of each job by determining the market value of the knowledge, skills, and requirements needed to perform it.

Job Design

determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.

Gary Harmel

developed resource-capabilities view of a company that focuses on a company's core competence as their source of competitive advantage; internal focus

While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.

e. organizational structure; organizational process

Historically, most companies have used the ____ to successfully enter foreign markets.

e. phase model of globalization

What are the two types of political risk that affect companies conducting global business?

e. political uncertainty and policy uncertainty

The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.

e. technological discontinuity

The _____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment.

experiential

The _____ assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment.

experiential approach to innovation

Functional Level

usually regional or department managers; focus on supporting business and corporate plans; answer questions like: what must my unit do to meet customer expectations? what are our unit's strengths and weaknesses? emphasizes operational plans

If background checks reduced employee thievery over a period of time and throughout the industry, then this selection process would be

validated

Chain of command that defines who reports to who throughout the organization

vertical line

A _____ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task

virtual team

A(n) ____ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task.

virtual team

a team that uses telecommunications and informational technologies to accomplish a company goal

virtual team

When Galax Inc., a logistics firm, hired Melissa as its president, it became evident that Galax does not have a(n) _____ to prevent women from rising to leadership positions.

glass ceiling

In a multinational firm, managers at company headquarters typically prefer an emphasis on ____ because it simplifies decisions.

global consistency

a multinational company that has offices, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries, all of which run based on the same rules / guidelines / procedures .. is considered to have this

global consistency

New companies with sales, employees, and financing in different countries that are found with an active global strategy are called ____.

global new ventures

As Malta got ready for its admittance into the European Union (EU), the EU removed all taxes on the importation of goods manufactured in Malta. In other words, the EU abolished_____for Malta-manufactured merchandise. a. import quotas b. customs classifications c. import standards d. tariffs e. boycotts

d Tariffs are defined as a direct tax on imported goods.

In any organization, the are the less visible, internal decision-making routines, problem-solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs. a. imperfectly imitable resources b. valuable resources c. distinctive competencies d. core capabilities e. sources of innovation

d This is the definition of core capabilities.

________occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries. a. Direct foreign investment b. Franchising c. Licensing d. Exporting e. A joint venture

d This is the definition of exporting.

companies are turning to teamwork more often because teams have been proven to do what

increase customer satisfaction, product quality, efficiency in development, job satisfaction

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of person-focused interventions is to:

increase interpersonal effectiveness by helping people to become aware of their attitudes.

During the ____ phase of a technology cycle, companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design.

incremental change

Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change?

incremental change

Jason is an employee at Manisch Burger and Meals. He is assigned the task of serving soft drinks to customers ordering meals with potato fries, a burger, and a roll. Which of the following best illustrates Jason's job design?

Job specialization

Design Iteration

is a cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on the design, and then builds and tests the improved product or service prototype.

Product Prototype

is a full-scale working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability.

360-degree feedback

is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers, and co-workers as well as the employees themselves.

Flow

is a psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you're doing and time seems to fly. When flow occurs, who you are and what you're doing become one.

Job analysis

is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job

80 percent rule

is a rule of thumb used by the courts of the EEOC to determine whither there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group.

Testing

is a systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations. Companies that want to create a new dominant design following a technological discontinuity quickly build, test, improve, and retest a series of different product prototypes.

Organizational development ____.

is accurately described by all of these

Organizational development___________.

is accurately described by all of these

Staff function:

is an activity that does not contribute directly to creating or selling a company's products but instead supports line activities.

In the context of organizational decline, which of the following is true of the blinded stage?

Key managers fail to recognize the internal or external changes that will harm their organizations.

In an organization, organizational encouragement of creativity occurs when:

Management encourages risk taking and new ideas.

_____ is solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.

Standardization

In the context of organizational decline, which of the following is true of the dissolution stage?

The company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings.

Cerulean Corp. comprises 80 percent African American employees. The company has a record of high employee turnover over the past five years. Which of the following measures should Cerulean take to reduce the employee turnover rate?

The company should recruit a diverse work force.

Which of the following is true of the S-curve pattern of innovation of a product?

The flat slope indicates that increased effort brings only small improvements in technological performance.

Which of the following is true of design competition?

The older technology usually improves significantly in response to the competitive threat from the new technologies.

Which of the following is true of older workers?

They care about the quality of work they do.

Which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage?

They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency.

Which of the following is an advantage of virtual organizations?

They let companies share costs and are fast and flexible.

Which of the following is an error that managers make in the change phase?

They undercommunicate the vision by a factor of ten.

_____ is a management principle that workers should report to just one boss.

Unity of command

Change forces

_____ are forces that produce differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

Global new ventures

_____ are new companies that are founded with an active global strategy and have sales, employees, and financing in different countries.

Creative work environments

_____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

Cross-cultural training

_____ can help reduce uncertainty about how to act and decrease misunderstandings between expatriates and their families and locals.

Generational change

_____ is a change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology.

Protectionism

_____ is a government's use of trade barriers to shield domestic companies and their workers from foreign competition.

Field simulation training

_____ is a technique in which trainees are placed in an ethnic neighborhood for three to four hours to talk to residents about cultural differences.

Strategic alliance

_____ is an agreement in which companies combine key resources, costs, risks, technology, and people.

Exporting

_____ is selling domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries.

Individualism

_____ is the degree to which societies believe that individuals should be self-sufficient.

Change intervention

_____ is the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices.

Political uncertainty

_____ is the risk of major changes in political regimes that can result from war, revolution, death of political leaders, or other influential events.

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of small-group interventions is to:

assess how a group functions and help it work more effectively to accomplish its goals.

Companies use early retirement incentive programs (ERIPs) to:

create job opportunities for people inside the company.

In the context of cross-cultural training, the practice of adapting to cultural differences is called:

cultural simulation.

A(n) _____ is a mental or physical impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

disability

The chain of command ____.

is described by none of these: a. acts at cross-purposes to the unity of command principle b. is the horizontal line of authority that indicates at which level of management an individual belongs c. is described by none of these d. does not permit delegation of authority e. is only relevant in mechanistic organizations

Disparate Treatment

is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs

Organizational Process

is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

Autonomy

is the degree to which a job gives workers this discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.

Conscientiousness

is the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented.

Cohesiveness

is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it

Quid pro quo sexual harassment

is the form of sexual harassment in which employment outcomes such as hiring, promotion, or simply keeping one's job depend on whether an individual submits to sexual harassment

Technology

is the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs to outputs

Discontinuous Change

is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition

Personality

is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different form each other.

Adverse impact

is unintentional discrimination in which there is a substantially different rate of selection in hiring, promotion, or other employment decisions that works to the disadvantage of members of a particular race, sex, age, ethnicity, or protected group.

A technology can become a dominant design if:

it solves a practical problem

The _____ is an approach to job redesign that seeks to formulate jobs in ways that motivate workers and lead to positive work outcomes.

job characteristics model

The job design approach associated with ____ involves increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work.

job enlargement and job enrichment

An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ____.

job enlargment

A ____ is a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company.

joint venture

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ___ in a field or discipline

knowledge, tools, and techniques

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.

knowledge, tools, and techniques

The two kinds of cooperative contracts are:

licensing and franchising.

Cognitive complexity

limits to the amount of information people can process at one time

A(n) __________ function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products.

line

an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products

line function

In terms of the chain of command ___ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ___ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates

line; staff

In terms of the chain of command, ____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates.

line; staff

An expatriate is someone who:

lives and works outside of his or her own country

If companies focus too much on local adaptation, they run the risk of:

losing the cost effectiveness and productivity that result from using standardized rules and procedures throughout the world.

E)compression

Which of the following is an example of an objective performance measure? a. performance analyses b. all of these c. cognitive ability scales d. behavioral observation scales e. input/output measures

E)input/output measures

____ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries.

Exporting

The acronym GATT stands for the ____.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Which of the following statements is true of experiential approach to innovation?

It uses intuition and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning.

____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.

Job Design

_________ forces support the status quo.

Resistance

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical _____ pattern of innovation.

S-curve

direct tax on imported goods

Tariff

Dominant design

_____ is a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard.

_____ is notorious for confusion and conflict between project managers in different areas of the organization

a. Matrix departmentalization

Minority domination will most likely be a problem _____

a. as teams grow

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ____.

a. organization development b. results-driven change c. innovation maps d. cyclical inventions e. innovation streams- CORRECT

generational change

A _______is a nontax method of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods. a. tariff b. nontariff barrier c. trade roadblock d. risk-aversive boycott e. subsidy quota

Significant cost reductions, layoffs of employees, closing of poorly performing stores, offices, or manufacturing plants, or closing or selling entire lines of products or services would be characteristic of a______strategy. a. portfolio b. retrenchment c. stability d. firm-level e. grand

b All of these actions are associated with shrinking the size or scope of a business.

The _____ approach to innovation asserts that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding

b. experiential

Lisa recently joined a famous multinational company. During her first few days, she went to work wearing casual clothing. However, she gradually came to know that this was not the expected dress code as everyone in the office dressed in formal attire. This was not specifically told to her, nor was it officially established as she later found out. The formal dress code is an example of a(n) _____

b. norm

The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of ___.

b. technological substitution

What was John Kotter's first step to change?

create urgency

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.

d. technological substitution

what is organizational structure?

description of the vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company

Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation? a. hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty b. testing c. multifunctional teams d. design iterations e. initiative conversations

what is the fastest growing population in the US

hispanic americans

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called

innovation streams

According to Hofstede, ____________ is the extent to which people accept power and authority differences among people. US is more like ___________.

power distance; low power distance

Which of the following is a basic component of equity theory?

referents

Zara clothing stores has developed a system that can order new fashions and deliver them to the store in only 3 weeks. It uses ___ to pass information to the next person in the line of development

sequential interdependence

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

Multifunctional teams

work teams composed of people from different departments

Technological substitution occurs when:

Customers purchase new products to replace older technologies.

What is the first step for managing innovation during discontinuous change?

...

Multinational corporation

A corporation that owns businesses in two or more countries

____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization. a. Skill feedback b. Task significance c. Task identity d. Skill variety e. Autonomy

B)Task Significance

The ____ is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time. a. cross-functional team b. project team c. self-managing team d. virtual team e. standing committee

B)project team

Why does a certain firm outperform others?

Competitive advantage aka a firm's ability to win consistently over the long term

4. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-030, Section b Multiple Choice 07-030, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-030 _____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs. a. Entropy b. Deskilling c. Creativity d. Synergy e. Technology

What do resistance forces support?

Forces that support the existing conditions in organizations, they support the status qou.

Unfreezing

Is getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed.

Which of the following is an advantage of internal recruiting?

It reduces recruitment start-up time and costs.

Innovation Streams (Study chart on pg.137)

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

S-curve

____ are long-term, low-interest loans, cash grants, and tax deductions used to develop and protect companies or special industries.

Subsidies

Which of the following will help managers in managing company diversity programs effectively?

Tailoring opportunities to individuals, not groups

Which of the following is an advantage of project teams?

They reduce communication barriers.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of exporting?

Transportation costs can significantly increase the price of an exported product.

design iterations, testing, milestones, multifunctional teams, and powerful leaders

What are the five parts to the experiential approach to innovation?

self interest

Which of the following factors causes resistance to change?

In the context of managing change, _____ forces support the status quo. Select one: a. Resistance b. Dialectical c. Generational d. Experiential e. Autonomous

Which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change? a. self-interest b. multifunctional teams c. a dynamic organizational culture d. discontinuous innovation e. sustainable status quo

Dominant design

a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard

Which of the following statements about team training is true?

a. Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.

A(n) ____ is an agreement in which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country.

a. cooperative contract

The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of ___.

a. dominant design b. innovative exchange c. adaptive change d. technological substitution- CORRECT e. design replacement

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.

a. empathetic design b. incremental change c. technological substitution- CORRECT d. synergy e. innovative reciprocity

a. tariff and nontariff barriers b. work force quality C. ALL OF THESE d. the strategy of the movie theater chain e. exchange rates

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, small amounts of effort will result in significant increases in performance ____.

at the midpoint of the cycle

Which of the following factors is necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

b. Bureaucratic immunity

Which of the following statements about team training is true?

b. Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers

Which of the following statements about mechanistic organizations is true?

b. They work best in stable, unchanging business environments

Which of the following is the approach to managing interorganizational processes that can be best described as one which changes its composition depending on what an organization wants at the moment

b. Virtual organizations

The amount of information a job provides to workers about their work performance best defines the term _____

b. feedback

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance are called _____

b. milestones

Feldman Films is a company associated with photography. The development of the digital camera forced Feldman Films into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was a(n) _____

b. technological discontinuity

Affective conflict ____.

b. typically decreases team cohesiveness

With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes.

c. bureaucratic immunity

c. generational change

The evidence clearly shows that ____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

c. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

Teams should NOT be used when:

c. there is no clear, engaging purpose

The Turnpike Authority of the state of Lakewood encountered several challenges while constructing tunnels. Hence, it created a national team of tunnel experts to develop road tunnel engineering principles, traffic flow patterns, and maintenance practices through the use of telecommunications and information technology. In this scenario, this group of tunnel experts can be best categorized as a _____

c. virtual team

Generational change

change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology

An organization engaged in____ its work team members is training them in how to do all or most of the jobs performed by the other team members

cross-training

A technology _____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

_____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs

d. Technology

Which of the following is the primary advantage of modular organizations

d. They can cost significantly less to run than traditional organizations

Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.

d. organizational innovation

A key feature of a _____ is that its composition is always changing

d. virtual organization

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that

diversity has a broader focus

The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is ____

duplication

At which stage of organizational decline does the decline become irreversible? Select one: a. Faulty action stage b. Inaction stage c. Crisis stage d. Blinded stage e. Dissolution stage

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

e. Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable.

____ occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work.

e. Social loafing

One of the major questions that a company must typically answer about its future, once it has decided to go global is ____.

e. To what extent should the company standardize or adapt business procedures?

The ____ is purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization.

e. cross-functional team

A multinational company that acts with ____ has offices, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries all which run based on the same rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures.

global consistency

Left brain

logical, uses words

Of all types of departmentalization, ____ departmentalization requires the highest level of management skill for successful implementation.

matrix

purchasing power

Two factors help determine the growth potential of foreign markets. They are foreign competition and:

purchasing power

self interest is an example of what

resistance to change

testing

systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations

The two basic kinds of inequity are ______.

underreward and overreward

Compression (Incremental)

•Certain environments •Series of steps •Goal: Faster/cheaper

What are two major lessons in identifying opportunities (when managing entrepreneurially) as identified by Vinod Khosla and OXO measuring cup?

1. Every big problem is a big opportunity. 2. To find big problems, one must observe others.

Three methods used to improve job specialization

1. Job rotation- periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more variety and the opportunity to use different skills 2. Jon enlargement- increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job 3. Job enrichment- increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authority and control to make meaningful decisions about their work

What are two types of cooperative contracts?

1. Licensing- An agreement in which a domestic company, the licensor, receives royalty payments for allowing another company, the licensee, to produce the licensors product, sell its service, or use its brand names in a specified foreign market (ex. Desperate housewives, USA......Desperate Women, Turkey) 2. Franchising- A collection of networked firms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service, the franchisor, licenses the entire business to another person or organization, the franchisee.

Three types of task interdependence

1. Pooled interdependence; work completed by having each job or department independently contribute to the whole 2. Sequential interdependence; work completed in succession, with one group or jobs outputs becoming the inputs for the next group or job 3. Reciprocal interdependence; work completed by different jobs or groups working together in a back-and-forth manner

How to Create a Results- Driven Change Program

1. Set measurable, short- term goals to improve performance. 2. Make sure your action steps are likely to improve measured performance. 3. Stress the importance of immediate improvements. 4. Solicit help from consultants and staffers to achieve quick improvements in performance. 5. Test action steps to see if they actually yield improvements. If they don't, discard them and establish new ones. 6. Use resources you have or that can be easily acquired. It doesn't take much.

Five core job characteristics

1. Skill variety- the number of different activities performed in a job 2. Task identity- the degree to which a job, from beginning to end, requires the completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work 3. Task significance- the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization 4. Autonomy- job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish the job 5. Feedback- the amount of information the job provides to workers about their work performance

22. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-076, Section b Multiple Choice 07-076, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-076 According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time. a. change forces b. generational changes c. inertia forces d. resistance forces e. freezing forces

it is used by most people

A particular technology becomes the dominant design because of critical mass, which means that:

S-Curve Pattern of Innovation

A pattern of technological innovation characterized by slow initial progress, than rapid progress, and then slow progress again as a technology matures and reaches its limits

Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by: a. chain of command b. all of these c. behavioral informality d. empowerment e. reengineering

A)chain of command

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions? a. coercion b. arbitration c. reinforcement modification d. negotiation e. mentoring

A)coercion

Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has high degree of extraversion? a. salesperson b. computer technician c. wholesale plant nursery operator d. bookkeeper e. market researcher

A)salesperson

An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is ____. a. sharing the financial value of performance gains b. using a nonfinancial reward c. paying employees to gain new skills d. paying hourly wages e. engaging in cross training

A)sharing the financial value of performance gains

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?

Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive

____ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness

Affective conflict

Stories and Heros

After an organization's founders are gone, the organization can use ____ to sustain its organizational culture.

The government of a country is working to change employers' perceptions of older workers and encourage companies to abandon mandatory retirement plans. In the context of dimensions of surface-level diversity, which of the following types of discrimination is the government trying to eliminate?

Age discrimination

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change?

All of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach.

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?

All of these: Organizational encouragement, the removal of organizational impediments, the development of challenging work, the granting of autonomy

All of these: tariff and nontariff barriers, exchange rates, the strategy of the movie theatre chain, work force quality

According to the stakeholder model, which primary stakeholder group is theoretically most important to the company?

All primary stakeholders are of equal importance

25. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-088, Section b Multiple Choice 07-088, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-088 Organizational development _____. a. assumes that top management support is only optional for change b. emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems c. emphasizes resistance forces d. creates change by coercing workers and managers to change ideas, beliefs, and behaviors e. takes a short-range approach to change

3. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-026, Section b Multiple Choice 07-026, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-026 Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical _____ pattern of innovation. a. lockout b. S-curve c. W-curve d. bell-shaped e. contingency

8. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-040, Section b Multiple Choice 07-040, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-040 In _____, the old technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design. a. incremental change b. design competition c. technological lockout d. design substitution e. modular management

Which of the following size teams usually provides the best performance? a. 15 to 20 b. 6 to 9 c. 2 to 3 d. All sizes tend to perform equally well. e. more than 20

B) 6 to 9

____ is the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices if it helps teams meet their stretch goals. a. Bureaucratic accommodation b. Structural accommodation c. Structural immunity d. Administrative reciprocity e. Bureaucratic immunity

B)Structural Accomodation

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) ____. a. subsidy b. tariff c. voluntary import restraint d. financial boycott e. import duty

B)Tariff

____ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance. a. Mentoring b. Training c. Mediating d. Directing e. Supervising

B)Training

The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____. a. acculturation b. affirmative action c. discretionary diversity d. cultural proaction e. organizational plurality

B)affirmative action

Which of the following training methods is most appropriate for imparting information or knowledge to trainees? a. role-playing b. lectures and planned readings c. case studies d. coaching and mentoring e. group discussions

B)lectures and planned readings

With ____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses. a. functional b. matrix c. product d. customer e. geographic

B)matrix

A(n) __________ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication. a. modular b. mechanistic c. organic d. departmentalized e. standardized

B)mechanistic

Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the ____ stage of team development. a. conforming b. norming c. forming d. storming e. informing

B)norming

While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization. a. departmentalization; functionalization b. organizational structure; organizational process c. interorganizational process; intraorganizational process d. organizational process; organizational structure e. intraorganizational process; interorganizational process

B)organizational structure; organizational process

Starbucks is expanding its global operations into South America in spite of the real probability of civil wars and terrorist activities in many of the continent's nations. As Starbucks expands into South America, it must deal with ____. a. economic uncertainty b. political uncertainty c. nationalistic equity d. strategy risk e. infrastructure regulation

B)political uncertainty

The __________ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates a. scripted b. structured c. canned d. formalized e. semi-structured Hide Feedback

B)structured

Technology Cycles

Begins with a new technology and ends when that technology is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

The ____ is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group. a. dysfunctional turnover rule b. two-fifths rule c. 80 percent rule d. principle of adverse impact e. disparate treatment rule

C)80 percent rule

To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does federal employment law apply? a. training and development activities b. compensation decisions c. all of these d. selection decisions e. performance appraisals

C)all of these

Affirmative action programs are typically designed to ____. a. be punitive b. do all of these c. compensate for past discrimination d. protect white, non-Hispanic Americans e. create homogeneous diversity

C)compensate for past discrimination

A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology. a. process b. hierarchy c. cycle d. continuum e. pattern

C)cycle

Which of the following acts provides for jury trials and punitive damages for employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender, or national origin?

Civil Rights Act of 1991

____ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it.

Cohesiveness

The acronym GATT stands for the ____. a. Government Aid of Trade and Transactions b. Governing Agreement on Trade and Transactions c. Global Agreement on Temporal Trade d. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade e. Global Arrangement for Trade and Taxes

D)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related. a. Internal environments, external environments, and job descriptions b. Job analyses, task specializations, and external environments c. Job analyses, task evaluations, and employee-needs assessment d. Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions e. Job descriptions, external environments, and employee mapping

D)Job specifications,job analyses, and job descriptions

Team norms in an organization can create ____. a. increased job satisfaction b. more trust in management c. negative behaviors, such as breaking rules d. all of these

D)all of these

Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing an office/manufacturing location in the Brazilian market for a U.S. company that operates cinemas and wants to open a chain of movie theatres there? a. tariff and nontariff barriers b. work force quality c. exchange rates d. all of these e. the strategy of the movie theater chain

D)all of these

Which of the following is one of the ways in which training can be evaluated? a. how much employees actually modified their on-the- job behavior b. how job performance improved c. reactions of employees d. all of these e. on how much employees learned

D)all of these

With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes. a. structural accommodation b. administrative reciprocity c. virtual accommodation d. bureaucratic immunity e. fast-track approval

D)bureaucratic immunity

Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations? a. extraversion b. agreeableness c. openness to experience d. conscientiousness e. emotional stability

D)conscientiousness

Which of the following is a method used for compensating employees for team participation and accomplishments? a. retained earnings b. piecework pay c. hourly wages d. gainsharing e. all of these

D)gainsharing

Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations. a. development b. deployment c. change d. innovation e. creativity

D)innovation

To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____. a. use job enlargement b. create a code of ethics c. centralize their hiring practices d. make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations e. use a matrix organizational structure

D)make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodation

A(n) ____ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge. a. mechanistic b. departmentalized c. modular d. organic e. centralized

D)organic

A team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development. a. conforming b. de-norming c. informing d. performing e. norming

D)performing

____ is the process of choosing a solution from available alternatives.

Decision making

A manager is using information to understand the cause of a problem and determine the best corrective action. This is an example of operating in the ________ role.

Decisional

____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.

Delegation of authority

____ is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks.

Departmentalization

technological substitution

During the last decade, as people sought to replace their obsolete floppy discs, there was an increase in sales in CDs, DVDs, pen drives, and portable hard discs. The replacement of floppy discs by other advanced storage devices is an example of _____.

product prototype

Capital Chemicals Corp. recently faced a legal hassle following which many process operators resigned voluntarily. The company fell short of efficient and experienced process operators and struggled to cope with the situation. Which of the following kinds of turnover does this scenario exemplify?

Dysfunctional turnover

13. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-048, Section b Multiple Choice 07-048, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-048 _____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged. a. Homogeneous work environments b. Centralized work envvironments c. Bureaucratic work teams d. Hierarchical work stations e. Creative work environments

14. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-052, Section b Multiple Choice 07-052, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-052 Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments? a. Organizational encouragement b. Supervisory encouragement c. Freedom d. Challenging work e. Organizational impediments

19. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-065, Section b Multiple Choice 07-065, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-065 The first step in the compression approach to innovation is _____. a. supplier involvement b. overlapping of the individual steps c. creating multifunctional teams d. granting autonomy e. planning

he central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____. a. task identification b. time-motion studies c. synergy d. a value-added measure e. internal motivation

E)internal motivation

People who live in countries which score high on individual orientations, such as the US and Great Britain, tend to __________.

Emphasize and reward individual achievements

A European car manufacturer signing a contract to manufacture cars in a Chinese factory is an example of direct foreign investment

False; this is an example of a joint venture

Using reciprocal interdependence, work must be performed in succession because one group or job's outputs become the inputs for the next group or job

False; this is the definition of sequential interdependence. Reciprocal interdependence exists when work is completed by different jobs or groups working together in a back-and-forth manner

Which of the following signs indicates that a team's size needs to be changed?

If a few members dominate the team

a steeper slope at midpoint of curve

resistance forces

In the context of managing change, _____ support the status quo of an organization.

Which of the following is an advantage of cross-training?

It allows a team to function normally even in the absence of a member.

Which of the following is an advantage of licensing?

It allows companies to earn additional profits without investing more money.

Which of the following is an advantage of licensing?

It allows companies to earn additional profits without investing more money.

Which of the following best defines results-driven change?

It is the change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results.

____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.

Job design

Tom is an editor for the sports column at Mailing Daily. Chloe, Tom's manager, asks him to handle the essay column along with the sports column. Which of the following job redesign techniques is used by Chloe?

Job enlargement

__________ means increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the power to make decisions about their own work.

Job enrichment

Customer departmentalization

Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers

Product departmentalization

Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services

Which of the following strategies should be used by companies to minimize sex discrimination?

Pairing promising female executives with senior executives

Which of the following is an aspect of the compression approach to innovation?

Planning

9 Activities of the Value Chain

Primary activities: 1. Inbound logistics, 2. Operations, 3. Outbound logistics, 4. Marketing and sales, 5. Service, Support activities: 6. Procurement, 7. Technology development, 8. Human resource management, and 9. Firm infrastructure

Which of the following is a characteristic of cognitive conflict?

Reconciliation

Which of the following is a difference between the access and legitimacy paradigm and the learning and effectiveness paradigm?

The access and legitimacy paradigm focuses on the surface-level diversity dimensions of sex, race, and ethnicity, whereas the learning and effectiveness paradigm focuses on integrating deep-level diversity differences, such as personality, attitudes, beliefs, and values, into the actual work of an organization.

Global Business

The buying and selling of goods and services by people from different countries

Organizational Processes

The collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that consumers value Asks; -How do things get done?

Stakeholders are people or groups with an interest in a company's actions.

True

...

Typically the most important factor in the relationship between companies and their suppliers is ____.

lacking of vision, undercommunicating the vision by a factor of 10, not removing obstacles to the new vision, & not systematically planning for and creating short-term wins

What are 4 errors made when in the change step of managing resistance to change?

speed, performance improvements, & new dominant design

What are the 3 goals of the experimental approach?

large system, small group, and person-focused

What are the 3 kinds of organizational development interventions?

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

What are the 3 steps to managing resistance to change?

1. critical mass (most people use it) 2. solves a practical problem 3. independent standards bodies

What are the 3 ways dominant designs can emerge?

education and communication, participation, negotiation, top management support, and coercion.

What are the 5 methods that can be used to manage resistance to change?

challenging work, lack of organizational impediments, freedom, work group encouragement, supervisory encouragement, and organizational encouragement

What are the 6 components of a creative work environment?

planning, supplier involvement, shortening the time of individual steps, overlapping steps, and multifunctional teams

What are the five parts to the compression approach to innovation?

computer-aided design (CAD)

What is one of the most common ways to shorten time of individual steps in the compression approach?

discontinuous change

When Fletcher Motors, an automobile manufacturer, learned that it took longer than any other manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased existing flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle is illustrated in the scenario?

Global consistency

When a multinational company has offices, manufacturing plants, and distribution facilities in different countries and runs them all using the same rules, guidelines, policies and procedures

end of the technology cycle

When significant improvements in performance can only be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is at the _____.

none of these

Which of the following approaches will guarantee the successful change of an organizational culture?

planning

Which of the following is an aspect of the compression approach to innovation?

coercion

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

Ford Motor company owns and operates a $1.9 billion manufacturing plant in Brazil. What method for organizing for global business has Ford used in this example?

Wholly owned subsidiary

According to Fredrick W. Taylor, what is the best incentive for improved worker performance?

Workers are best motivated by pay and feedback on their performance

creative work environments

Workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are encouraged

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) _____. Select one: a. tariff b. subsidy c. financial boycott d. import duty e. voluntary import restraint

New companies with sales, employees, and financing in different countries that are found with an active global strategy are called________. a. global new ventures b. strategic alliances c. wholly owned affiliates d. franchisees e. subsidized corporations

Information bias

a reluctance to give or receive negative information; you favor Hilary Clinton so ignore the email scandal

Which of the following is an example of a stakeholder group that an organization must satisfy to assure long-term survival?

all of these

A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has ____.

an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site

Among companies who use the adaptive strategies, ____ blend the strategies used by ____.

analyzers; defenders and prospectors

It is commonly believed that older workers:

are less productive.

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research, and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance when performance limits of the technology are reached ____.

at the end of the cycle

Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by ____.

chain of command

Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by:

chain of command

An individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort in an organization is referred to as a _____.

change agent

Hot Topic is a fast-growing clothing chain targeted to the alternative teen demographic. Hot Topic's CEO Betsy McLaughlin relies on her employees to locate new trends. McLaughlin almost daily consults with her employees for suggestions on what the stores should carry. She relies on their input before making inventory decisions and treats her employees as equals. McLaughlin is demonstrating ____.

consideration

Deep-level diversity

consists of differences such as personality and attitudes that are learned only through extended interaction with others and are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors

this type of training gets employees ready to be able to do all of the jobs of the other team members too

cross training

The ____ is purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization

cross-functional team

cultural difference

Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. introduced the first major production mountain bike in 1980. Two-thirds of its profits come from the sale of mountain bikes. It is recognized worldwide for its ability to design and produce superior mountain bikes. This ability is its______. a. customer sustainability b. organizational advantage c. relative competence d. distinctive competence e. superlative advantage

d Distinctive competencies are defined as what a company can make, do, or perform better than its competitors. Here, Specialized is able to design and produce bikes in a markedly better way than rivals.

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

d. Coercion

The term _____ can be best defined as a feeling of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have meaning and perceive themselves to be competent, having an impact, and capable of self-determination

d. empowerment

Hofstede's research has shown there are:

d. five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries

The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with:

d. technological discontinuity

Kimberly-Clark is subdivided into organizational units called Kimberly-Clark Health Care, which provides products to hospitals, Kimberly-Clark Professional, which sells to businesses, and Kimberly-Clark Consumer, which sells the company's products to customers. From this information, you know that Kimberly-Clark uses ____.

departmentalization

Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change?

design competition

Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation?

design lockout

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

discontinuous change

Darlene Jespersen used to work in a sports bar. Despite being nominated by her manager for a promotion for her outstanding performance, the nomination was rejected, and a male coworker was awarded the promotion. Subsequently, Darlene's manager informed her that she was not promoted because the post requires working extra hours, and the management considered that to be a difficult task for a female employee. This is an example of _____.

disparate treatment

The use of milestones in the experiential approach to innovation ____.

does all of these

Among companies who use the adaptive strategies,______blend the strategies used by______. a. prospectors; analyzers and reactors b. analyzers; defenders and reactors c. reactors; prospectors and analyzers d. reactors; defenders and prospectors e. analyzers; defenders and prospectors

Which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment? a. internal conflict b. rigid management structures c. bias toward the status quo (i.e., a conservative environment) d. power struggles e. all of these

When an automobile manufacturer learned that it took longer than any other manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer, more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle is illustrated in the scenario?

e. Discontinuous change

A producer of mobile aerial work platforms rewards employees for the number of basic skills they can perform rather than for the jobs to which they are assigned. Prior to initiating this system, pay increases were based on a merit system. The merit system is still in effect; however, the new program emphasizes continued acquisition of new skills. The new program can be best categorized as _____

e. skill-based pay

There are eight general steps for organizational development intervention. The first step is ____.

entry

The ____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

experiential

Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create _____ year after year.

innovation streams

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement of teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. In terms of the expectancy theory, the likelihood the students feel their inputs on the evaluation will lead directly to improved instruction is called ______.

instrumentality

Synergy

interaction of different parts of an organization to produce something larger; Disney makes one new cartoon (Elsa) and spends lots of money on the movie, but then can make a lot of money by using that character in all of their other industries (like merchandise, theme park, etc.)

Which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment?

internal conflict, rigid management structures, bias toward the status quo, power struggles

Organizational development ____.

is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

Stakeholders

people or group whose interests are affected by an organization's activities, including employees, suppliers, society, and shareholders

A team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development.

performing

Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline?

performing

product

hallmark has 4 departments: flowers and gifts, cards, collectibles, and photo albums..hallmark uses what kind of departmentalization

product departmentalization

Which of the following types of teams have the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods?

self-designing teams

Which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change

self-interest

Which of the following is one of the sources of resistance to change?

self-interest

Zara clothing stores has developed a system that can order new fashions and deliver them to the store in only three weeks. It uses ____ to pass information to the next person in the line of development.

sequential interdependence

The use of milestones in the experiential approach to innovation ____.

shortens the innovation process

Autonomy continuum

shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy

______ is one of the disadvantages associated with the use of work teams

social loafing

Refreezing

supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick.

refreezing

supporting and reinforcing the new changes so they "stick"

The mail sailors who would not teach her were exhibiting

surface level diversity

A(n) ____ is a direct tax on imported goods designed to make it more expensive to buy those goods, instituted in hopes of reducing the volume of those imported goods in a given country.

tariff

A(n)_____is a direct tax on imported goods designed to make it more expensive to buy those goods, instituted in hopes of reducing the volume of those imported goods in given country

tariff

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n) ____.

tariff

The two general kinds of trade barriers are

tariff barriers and nontariff barriers

The two general kinds of trade barriers are:

tariff barriers and nontariff barriers

Team rewards that depend on __________ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts

team performance rather than individual performance

_____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies.

technological substitution

_____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

technology

is the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

technology

it starts with the birth of new technology and ends when the technology is limited or no longer useful

technology cycle

IAG (Individualized Apparel Group) formally closed its H. Freeman factory in Philadelphia in May. Jim Brubaker, IAG's division president of clothing, informed the workers of this closing one month earlier, in April. Due to ______, this decision produced strong ethical intesity.

temporal immediacy

According to the model of need satisfaction, an unsatisfied need produces ______.

tension

The second transfer that occurs with delegation is:

that a manager gives a subordinate full authority over the budget, resources, and personnel needed to do a job.

change agent

the person formally charged with guiding a change effort

Discontinuous change

the phase of a technology cycle characterized by techno-logical substitution and design competition

Incremental change

the phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design

Incremental Change

the phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design.

Testing

the systematic comparison of different product design or design iterations.

A joint venture is an example of a strategic alliance

true

Synergy occurs when ____.

two or more subsystems working together can produce more than they can working apart

The term ____ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations.

uncertainty avoidance

Affective Conflict

undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness

When a merger of South Carolina-based Springs Industries with the Brazilian textile producer Coteminas was announced, the CEO of Springs was quoted as saying, "It is unclear what effect this move will have on our employees though no immediate layoffs are planned. There may be some in the future." In this stage of the organizational change, ____ the CEO should use empathy and communicate specific details of the merger.

unfreezing

When a merger of South Carolina-based Springs Industries with the Brazilian textile producer Coteminas was announced, the CEO of Springs was quoted as saying, "It is unclear what effect this move will have on our employees though no immediate layoffs are planned. There may be some in the future." In this stage of the organizational change, the CEO should use empathy and communicate specific details of the merger.

unfreezing

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

unfreezing

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are .

unfreezing change intervention refreezing

multifunctional teams

work teams composed of people from different departments; accelerate learning and understanding by mixing and integrating technical, marketing, and manufacturing activities

_____ is the degree to which societies believe that individuals should be self-sufficient.

Individualism

Which of the following is a disadvantage of work teams?

Initially high turnover

Which of the following is an advantage of matrix departmentalization?

It allows companies to manage in an efficient manner large, complex tasks.

Which of the following is an advantage of product departmentalization?

It allows managers and workers to specialize in one area of expertise.

Which of the following statements is true of functional departmentalization?

It allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists.

The primary disadvantage of customer departmentalization is:

that it leads to duplication of resources.

Selective perception

A tendency to ignore or avoid certain information, especially ambiguous information

Human resource management

is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people to form a qualified work force.

Companies need to excel at managing ____ in order to successfully manage innovation streams.

the sources of innovation

Organizational innovation

the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations

Organizational Innovation

the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

Quotas

_____ are specific limits on the number or volume of imported products.

Right brain

intuitive, uses images

The first stage of organizational decline is:

Blinded

supervisory encouragement

occurs when supervisors provide clear goals, encourage open interaction with subordinates, and actively support development teams' work and ideas

Supervisory Encouragement

occurs when supervisors provide clear goals, encourage open interaction with subordinates, and actively support development teams' work and ideas.

work group encouragement

occurs when work group members have diverse experience, education, and backgrounds; when there is a mutual openness to ideas; when there is positive, constructive challenge to ideas; and when there is shared commitment to ideas.

Budgets are an example of ____ planning.

operational

Resistance to change

opposition to change resulting from self- interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change

organic

According to an electronics CEO, the first requirement of management is that it should make the fullest use of the capacities of its members. Thus any individual's job should be as little defined as possible so that it would 'shape itself' to the person's special abilities and initiative. This electronics company more than likely had a(n) _____ organization

organic; An organic organization is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge

Chester Barnard defined a(n) ____ as "a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more persons."

organization

When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in _____.

organizational decline

Which of the following approaches is aimed at changing large systems, small groups, or individuals?

organizational development

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

organizational impediments

unfreezing

getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed

in matrix departmentalization most employees report to how many bosses

*more than one (two)

What are the components of a creative work environment?

- Organizational Encouragement: when management encourages risk taking and new ideas -Challenging work: requires effort, demands attention and focus -Lack of Organizational impediments: remove impediments (obstacles) -Freedom: having independence over one's day-to-day work and a sense of ownership over their ideas -Supervisory Encouragement: when supervisors provide clear goals, encourage open interaction with subordinates, and actively support development teams works/ideas -Work Group Encouragement: when group members have diverse experience/backgrounds and the group fosters mutual openness to ideas

What are the goals of the compression approach to innovation? ....add more

- Planning -Supplier Involvement -Shortening the time of individual steps - Overlapping steps -multi functional teams (Speed, lowering the cost, and incremental change of the dominant design)

What are the sources of resistance to change?

- Self Interest -Misunderstanding and distrust - General intolerance for change

Difference between Experimental approach to innovation and Compression approach to innovation

-Experimental is and approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding -Compression is an approach to innovation that assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed up innovation

What are the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

-Unfreezing: Getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed -Change Intervention: Workers and managers change their behavior and work practices -Refreezing: Supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick

Downsizing has thinned the ranks of hospital personnel. Hospital employees were adamantly resisting any more change. What method could hospital administrators use to manage this resistance

-educate employees about the need for change -let the employees participate in implementing the change process -provide significant managerial support -let employees discuss and agree on who will do what after change occurs

Kodak is a company associated with photography. The company has recognized that digital photography is a threat to the future growth of the company's film business. Therefore, the company has decided to become a market leader in digital imaging. As Kodak tried to compete in this new innovation stream, it entered ____.

...

Tom Valerio was the point man on a major push to reinvent CIGNA Property & Casualty. His vision for CIGNA was to become a top-quartile, specialist property and casualty company. It was a radical proposition. During the organizational change, having this vision was especially important during the ____ stage.

...

What are three methods for dealing with political risks?

1. Avoidance Strategy- used when the political risks associated with a foreign country or region are viewed as too great 2. Control- An active strategy to prevent or reduce political risks by lobbying foreign gov. or international trade agencies to change laws, regulations, or trade barriers that hurt their business. 3. Cooperation- it can limit the risk associated with foreign ownership of a business

Explaination of Innovation Stream

1. Begins with a technological discontinuity, which a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creates a breakthrough in performance or function 2. Next is Discontinuous change, which is characterized by technological substitution and design competition 3. Then a emergence of dominant design happens, which becomes the new accepted market standard for technology 4. Last step is Incremental change, phase in which companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design

What are the 3 Organizational/Strategy Levels?

1. Corporate Level. 2. Business Level. 3. Functional Level.

Generic competitive strategies

1. Cost leadership 2. Differentiation 3. Focus

General Steps for Organizational Development Interventions

1. Entry A problem is discovered and the need for change becomes apparent. A search begins for someone to deal with the problem and facilitate change. 2. Startup A change agent enters the picture and works to clarify the problem and gain commitment to a change effort. 3. A ssessment & feedback The change agent gathers information about the problem and provides feedback about it to decision makers and those affected by it. 4. A ction planning The change agent works with decision makers to develop an action plan. 5. Intervention The action plan, or organizational development intervention, is carried out. 6. Evaluation The change agent helps decision makers assess the effectiveness of the intervention. 7. Adoption Organizational members accept ownership and responsibility for the change, which is then carried out through the entire organization. 8. Separation The change agent leaves the organization after first ensuring that the change intervention

7 Steps of Rational/Classic Decision Making Model

1. Identify Decision Situations: Problems and Opportunities. 2. Develop Objectives and Criteria. 3. Generate Alternatives. 4. Analyzing Alternatives. 5. Selecting Alternatives. 6. Implementing the decision. 7. Monitoring and evaluating results.

Factors that inhibit accurate problem solving

1. Information bias. 2. Uncertainty absorption. 3. Selective perception. 4. Stereotyping. 5. Cognitive complexity. 6. Stress

What are two types of political risks?

1. Political uncertainty 2. Policy uncertainty

What are two factors that help companies determine the growth potential of foreign markets?

1. Purchasing power: the relative cost of a standard set of goods and services in different countries 2.Foreign Competitors

3 Models of Individual Decision Making

1. Rational/Classic Model. 2. Administrative/Bounded Rationality Model. 3. Retrospective decision-making model.

What are the 3 types of plans?

1. Strategic Plans. 2. Tactical Plans. 3. Operational Plans.

Porter's 5 Forces Determining Attractiveness

1. The nature of rivalry, 2. threats of new entrants, 3. bargaining power of buyers, 4. substitutes, and 5. bargaining power of suppliers

What are the three transfers that must occur with delegation?

1. Transfers full responsibility for the assignment to the subordinate 2. The manager gives the subordinate full authority over the budget, resources, and personnel needed to do the job 3. Transfer of accountability, the subordinate now has the authority and responsibility to do the job and in return is accountable for getting the job done

Resource-based View of the Firm

1. financial, 2. physical, 3. organizational, 4. human capital focus is on a company's core competency

A competitive advantage is created by having and managing resources to provide goods and services that meet the following criteria:

1. they provide superior value, 2. they are rare, 3. they are difficult to imitate, and 4. they are nonsubstitutable. most importantly: hard to copy and critically valuable

In which of the following ways can teams have healthy conflicts?

By focusing on issues rather than personalities

Which of the following size teams usually provides the best performance?

6-9

1. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-022, Section b Multiple Choice 07-022, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-022 Organizational _____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations. a. innovation b. creativity c. development d. change e. deployment

15. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-054, Section b Multiple Choice 07-054, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-054 The _____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment. a. experiential b. generational change c. technological disruption d. compression e. technological substitution

20. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-068, Section b Multiple Choice 07-068, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-068 When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in _____. a. organizational decline b. discontinuous change c. design competition d. resistance to change e. generational change

6. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-035, Section b Multiple Choice 07-035, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-035 ____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition. a. Discontinuous change b. The technological growth stage c. Technological lockout d. Change substitution e. Technological adaptation

9. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-042, Section b Multiple Choice 07-042, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-042 Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change? a. Design competition b. Innovative reciprocity c. Synergy d. Entropy e. Incremental change

Which of the following is a difference between a line function and a staff function?

A line function contributes directly to selling a company's products, whereas a staff function does not contribute directly to selling a company's products but instead supports line activities.

Bounded Rationality Model (Administrative Model)

A model that assumes that people usually settle for acceptable rather than maximum options. Sees decision maker as a satisficer. Describes how decision makers actually make decisions.

Organizational Development

A philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organizations long-term health and performance

Which of the following is a difference between a quid pro quo case and a case of hostile work environment case?

A quid pro quo case can result in economic injury, whereas a case of hostile work environment can lead to psychological injury.

technological discontinuity

A scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies that creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function

Testing

A systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations. Companies that want to create a new dominant design following a technological discontinuity quickly build, test, improve, and retest a series of different product prototypes.

Which of the following is true of the right team size for good performance?

A team must be large enough to take advantage of team members' diverse skills and knowledge.

transition management team

A team of employees whose full-time job is to manage and coordinate change

cycle

A technology___begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

Uncertainty absorption

A tendency for information to lose its certainty as it is passed along

Gillian, a salesman, has completed his day's tasks and is about to leave. Marsha, his supervisor, realizes that there is a task pending and assigns it to Gillian. Gillian refuses to complete the task by stating that he has finished his share of work. He suggests Marsha to assign the task to someone else. Marsha states that if he refuses to complete the task, he would have to look for a different job. Gillian now becomes more cooperative and agrees to work on the task. Which of the following kinds of team does this case exemplify?

A traditional work group

Which of the following statements is true of a work team?

A work team consists of a small number of people with complementary skills.

Unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences. a. affirmative action; diversity b. affirmative action; self-monitoring c. federal agency monitoring; self-monitoring d. diversity; self-monitoring e. diversity; affirmative action

A)Affirmative action;diversity

____ is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs. a. Autonomy b. Skill variety c. Skill feedback d. Task significance e. Task identity

A)Autonomy

____ is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks. a. Departmentalization b. Organizational layout c. Organizational process d. Functionalization e. Job formatting

A)Departmentalization

A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____. a. diversity has a broader focus b. diversity is legally mandated in all private companies c. affirmative action does not alter organizational structures, and diversity does d. diversity requires a wider span of management e. affirmative action is legally mandated in all private companies

A)Diversity has a broader focus

____ occurs when a company sells domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries. a. Exporting b. A joint venture c. Licensing d. Franchising e. Direct foreign investment

A)Exporting

____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other. a. Personality b. Disposition c. Cognitive activity d. Self-concept e. Motivation

A)Personality

____ is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes. a. Standardization b. Procedural planning c. Problem empowerment d. Organizational autonomy e. Consistency planning

A)Standardization

Teams are typically required when ____. a. tasks require multiple perspectives b. synergy will complicate the problem solution process c. any of these conditions are met d. tasks are simple e. the company has very limited resources

A)Tasks require multiple perspectives

____ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team. a. Team level b. Team diversity c. Team performance d. Group synergy e. Team conformity

A)Team level

Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____. a. technological substitution b. empathetic design c. incremental change d. synergy e. innovative reciprocity

A)Technological substitution

Affective conflict ____. a. typically decreases team cohesiveness b. is accurately described by all of these c. can make people more comfortable with their relationships with group peers d. usually precedes cognitive conflict e. is strongly associated with improvements in team performance

A)Typically decreases team cohesiveness

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity? a. all of these b. the removal of organizational impediments c. organizational encouragement d. the granting of autonomy e. the development of challenging work

A)all of these

Older workers ____. a. are accurately described by none of these b. care less about the quality of their output than younger workers c. tend to perform less effectively compared to younger workers d. typically demonstrate poor judgment e. are more likely to quit, be late, or be absent than younger workers

A)are accurately described by none of these

The first stage of organizational decline is: a. blinded b. dissolution c. inaction d. faulty action e. crisis

A)blinded

A)compression

A(n) ____ is an agreement in which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country. a. cooperative contract b. strategic alliance c. joint venture d. exporting agreement e. direct investment

A)cooperative contract

An ESOP is an: a. employee stock ownership plan b. equity in salary organizational plan c. employer/subordinate organizational profit d. equitable stock ownership plan e. employee salary option program

A)employee stock ownership plan

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called: a. innovation streams b. organization development c. cyclical inventions d. innovation maps e. results-driven change

A)innovation streams

A)job descriptions and job specifications

An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ____. a. job enlargement b. employee specialization c. job specialization d. job rotation e. task aggregation

A)job enlargement

A(n) __________ function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products. a. line b. charted c. staff d. organic e. mechanistic

A)line

An expatriate is someone who: a. lives and works outside of his or her own country b. is unhappy with his or her present residence c. believes strongly in nationalization d. claims dual citizenship e. desires to be employed in a country outside of his or her own

A)lives and works outside his or her own country

Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, __________ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants. a. modular organizations b. hierarchical organizations c. boundaryless organizations d. virtual organizations e. organizational networks

A)modular organizations

According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is: a. not establishing a great enough sense of urgency b. not removing obstacles to the new vision c. a poorly designed organizational mission d. not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture e. declaring victory too soon

A)not establishing a great enough sense of urgency

Procter & Gamble has divisions for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses ____ departmentalization. a. product b. geographic c. customer d. functional e. strategic business unit (SBU) Hide Feedback

A)product

Two factors help determine the growth potential of foreign markets. They are foreign competition and: a. purchasing power b. communications and transportation systems c. product diffusion rate d. creative differences e. political stability

A)purchasing power

The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of ___. a. technological substitution b. design replacement c. innovative exchange d. dominant design e. adaptive change

A)technological substitution

Which of the following best describes organizational plurality?

All members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to an organization, customers, and themselves.

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?

All of these

Which of the following is an organizational impediment to creativity in a work environment?

All of these

Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying then traditional work?

All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work

Which of the following is one of the steps recommended for companies to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatic leaders?

All of these are recommended steps to take to reduce the risks associated with unethical charismatics.

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the systems approach to management?

All of these describe advantages of the systems approach to management.

change agent

An individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort in an organization is referred to as a _____.

What are regional trading zones?

Areas in which tariff and non-tariff barriers on trade between countries are reduced or eliminated

Which of the following approaches is the best example of a manager using the contingency viewpoint?

Assessing the particular situation and deciding what to do

____ is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.

Autonomy

11. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-045, Section b Multiple Choice 07-045, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-045 The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with: a. dominant design. b. technological discontinuity. c. incremental change. d. design iteration. e. discontinuous change.

17. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-061, Section b Multiple Choice 07-061, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-061 The _____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation. a. dialectical b. compression c. generational d. milestones e. prototypical

Global business is defined as____. a. refers to sales made to people from different cultures, different regions, and different nations b. the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries c. only involves companies with more than 50 employees d. is unregulated e. includes any sale of goods and services

B) the buying and selling of goods and services to people from different countries

Which of the following statements about disabilities is true? a. None of these statements about disabilities is true. b. Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive. c. A disability is only covered by discrimination laws when it is physical. d. A disability must be visible to the average person to be considered a true disability. e. On average, people with disabilities earn the same amount as those without disabilities.

B)Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive

Which of the following is an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity programs? a. Set high but realistic goals. b. All of these are examples of diversity principles. c. Tailor opportunities to individuals, not groups. d. Treat group differences as important, but not special. e. Find the common ground.

B)All of these are examples of diversity principles

____ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it. a. Synergy b. Cohesiveness c. Empathy d. Accommodation e. Autonomy

B)Cohesiveness

____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible. a. Staff functionality b. Delegation of authority c. An organization chart d. A job description e. Decentralization

B)Delegation of authority

____ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country. a. A strategic alliance b. Direct foreign investment c. Direct exporting d. A global new venture e. A joint venture Hide Feedback

B)Direct foreign investment

____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there. a. Affirmative differentiation b. Diversity c. Cultural proaction d. Acculturation e. Cultural advantage

B)Diversity

____ within P&G's management has led the company to realize that Hispanic consumers "are more likely to support a company or brand that is active in their community." a. affirmative action b. diversity c. organizational plurality d. cultural organization e. acculturation

B)Diversity

____ are both examples of cooperative contracts. a. Licensing and joint ventures b. Franchising and licensing c. Direct investment and indirect investment d. Direct exporting and indirect exporting e. Joint ventures and strategies alliances

B)Franchising and Licensing

The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the: a. Mercosur b. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade c. Maastricht Treaty of Europe d. Asian Free Trade Arrangement e. North American Free Trade Agreement

B)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Diversity helps companies grow by ____. a. avoiding conflict between employee groups b. improving marketplace understanding c. preventing discrimination d. complying with federal law e. creating a homogeneous workplace

B)Improving marketplace understanding

__________ means increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the power to make decisions about their own work. a. Job rotation b. Job enrichment c. Job enlargement d. Job specialization e. Job design

B)Job enrichment

____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of people from a particular country. a. National diversity b. National culture c. Cultural nationalization d. National mindset e. Cultural diversity

B)National culture

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization. a. change forces; inertial forces b. change forces; resistance forces c. generational changes; inertial changes d. generational forces; resistance forces e. compressed changes; generational changes

B)change forces;resistance forces

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs? a. personality tests b. cognitive ability tests c. achievement tests d. specific ability tests e. work sample tests

B)cognitive ability tests

Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____. a. match salaries to industry averages b. conduct a job analysis c. advertise for job candidates d. create a job specification e. create a job description

B)conduct a job analysis

People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress. a. openness to experience b. emotional stability c. conscientiousness d. agreeableness e. empathy

B)emotional stability

Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____. a. project teams because they are temporary b. groups of ten or larger c. groups of less than five d. cross-functional teams of any size e. virtual teams because of the nature of the communication medium

B)groups of ten or larger

According to Hofstede, when people in a culture are oriented to the present and seek immediate gratification, that culture is described as ____. a. feminine b. having a short-term orientation c. individualistic d. masculine e. having a long-term orientation

B)having a short-term orientation

The evidence clearly shows that ____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment. a. the amount of cross-cultural training provided to the expatriate b. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture c. the similarity of the foreign language to the expatriate's native language d. how willing the expatriate was to accept the foreign assignment e. the amount of language training provided to the expatriate

B)how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ____. a. innovation maps b. innovation streams c. results-driven change d. cyclical inventions e. organization development

B)innovation steams

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called: a. innovation maps b. innovation streams c. organization development d. cyclical inventions e. results-driven change

B)innovation streams

____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs. a. Standardization b. Job design c. Job specialization d. An organizational chart e. Task mapping

B)job design

In terms of Hofstede's cultural differences, the people who are described as happy-go-lucky and are people who are comfortable with an unstructured life and deal well with sudden changes. In terms of Hofstede's cultural differences, these people have a ____. a. high degree of uncertainty avoidance b. low degree of uncertainty avoidance c. culture based on equity d. feminine culture e. masculine culture

B)low degree of uncertainty avoidance

Which of the following might account for the disparities between the percentages of African, Hispanic, and Asian Americans among the general population and their smaller representation in management positions? a. Federal Trade Commission regulations b. racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace c. affirmative action programs d. congressional lobbying e. watchdog advocacy groups

B)racial or ethnic discrimination in the workpalce

Team rewards that depend on __________ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts. a. the elimination of social loafing b. team performance rather than individual performance c. someone taking the role of group leader d. individual efforts rather than team performance e. the use of groupthink

B)team performance rather than individual performance

Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity? a. the personal integration paradigm b. the discrimination and fairness paradigm c. the affirmative action paradigm d. the learning and effectiveness paradigm e. the access and legitimacy paradigm

B)the discrimination and fairness paradigm

Organizational plurality is consistent with ____. a. the paradigm of commonality b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm c. the access and legitimacy paradigm d. none of these e. the determination and fairness paradigm

B)the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Organizational plurality is consistent with: a. the determination and fairness paradigm b. the learning and effectiveness paradigm c. none of these d. the access and legitimacy paradigm e. the paradigm of commonality

B)the learning and effectiveness paradigm

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin? a. change mentoring b. unfreezing c. incremental change d. change definition e. organizational dialogue

B)unfreezing

To minimize the problems inherent in firing employees, managers should do which of the following?

Before firing employees, managers should give them a chance to improve

In the context of work teams, which of the following increases employee job satisfaction?

Being involved in decision-making processes

18. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-063, Section b Multiple Choice 07-063, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-063 It is appropriate to use a(n) _____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design. a. prototypical b. experiential c. compression d. reinforcement e. milestones

2. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-023, Section b Multiple Choice 07-023, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-023 A technology _____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology. a. hierarchy b. continuum c. cycle d. lockout e. process

24. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-080, Section b Multiple Choice 07-080, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-080 The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____. a. change definition, change motivation, and change b. synthesizing, motivating, and rewarding c. unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing d. organizational change, departmental change, and individual change e. change control, change mobilization, and change acceptance

7. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-038, Section b Multiple Choice 07-038, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-038 _____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies. a. Entropy b. Organizational synergy c. Technological substitution d. Incremental environmental change e. Transition management

____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job. a. Recruiting b. Pool enrichment c. Selection d. Job inventorying e. Job validation

C)Selection

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle. a. technological discontinuity b. dominant design c. incremental change d. discontinuous change e. technological continuity

When a CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke it was an example of ____. a. disparate treatment b. demographic discrimination c. sexual harassment d. an unwelcome sexual advance e. adverse impact discrimination

C)Sexual harrament

Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work? a. Teamwork often allows teams to receive proprietary business information that is only available to managers. b. Teamwork gives workers a chance to improve their skills. c. All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work. d. Teamwork provides team members with unique work opportunities. e. Teamwork gives workers unique leadership responsibilities which enable them to build individual leadership skills.

C) All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work

A __________ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and co-workers, and the employees themselves. a. grapevine appraisal b. reciprocal appraisal c. 360-degree feedback d. circular feedback program e. performance appraisal iteration

C)360-degree feedback

____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs. a. Adverse harassment b. The four-fifths rule c. Disparate treatment d. Deliberate negative reinforcement e. Inequitable discrimination

C)Disparate treatment

Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense? a. Diversity eliminates glass ceilings. b. Diversity makes individuals whole by returning them to the condition or place they would have been had it not been for discrimination. c. Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees. d. Diversity increases an organization's retained earnings. e. Diversity allows a company to act with economic responsibility.

C)Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees

Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring? a. diversity audits b. the Delphi technique c. diversity pairing d. awareness training e. role-playing

C)Diversity pairing

____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise. a. Customer b. Product c. Functional d. Hierarchical e. Matrix Hide Feedback

C)Functional

Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable (i.e., "legal") for employers to ask applicants during the selection process? a. None of these b. Do you smoke or use tobacco products? c. Have you ever been convicted of a crime? d. Have you ever filed a lawsuit against an employer? e. Are you a United States citizen?

C)Have you ever been convicted of a crime?

____ are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior. a. Behavioral policies b. Operational guides c. Norms d. Codes of ethics e. Heuristics

C)Norms

C)Organizational innovation

What is the purpose of pre-departure language and cross-cultural training?

Can reduce the uncertainty that expatriates feel, the misunderstanding that take place between expatriates and natives, and the inappropriate behaviors that expatriates unknowingly commit when they travel to a foreign country -Expatriates meaning someone who lives outside of their native country

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of large-system interventions is to:

Change the character and performance of an organization, business unit, or department.

will eventually affect most organizations.

Changes in any sector of the general environment ____.

____ is the measure of the intensity of competitive behavior between companies in an industry.

Character of the rivalry

Crimsom Corp., an electronics manufacturer in Mallowdeer, plans to enter a foreign market. It wants to establish its new office in Ostview. Which of the following is a qualitative factor that Crimsom Corp. should consider while choosing the new office location?

Company strategy

Which of the following is a reason for downsizing?

Cost cutting

____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

Creative work environments

____ refers to the production of novel and useful ideas.

Creativity

12. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-046, Section b Multiple Choice 07-046, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-046 A technology can become a dominant design if: a. it is not considered as a market standard. b. it is extensively used by a small number of people. c. it is the most expensive technology in the market. d. it solves a practical problem. e. it resembles an old technology.

16. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-056, Section b Multiple Choice 07-056, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-056 Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation? a. Multifunctional teams b. Testing c. Design iterations d. Design lockout e. Hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty

21. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-070, Section b Multiple Choice 07-070, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-070 Which of the following is a characteristic of the inaction stage of organizational decline? a. The company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings or by selling assets in order to pay suppliers, banks, and creditors. b. Management announce belt-tightening plans designed to cut costs, increase efficiency, and restore profits. c. Key managers fail to recognize the internal or external changes that will harm their organizations. d. Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent. e. Cutbacks and layoffs will have reduced the level of talent among employees.

5. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-032, Section b Multiple Choice 07-032, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-032 Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create _____ year after year. a. innovation maps b. cognitive dissonances c. entropies d. innovation streams e. slack resources

Components of Creative Environments

Encouragement from: -Organization -Supervisor -Work Group -Challenge -Lack of impediments -Freedom Two factors not mentioned in book that help: expertise & positive moods!

Which of the following statements about team development is true? a. None of these statements about team development is true. b. Group cohesion is relatively strong at the informing stage. c. Decline will inevitably occur in every team. d. The growth stages are forming, norming, and performing. e. Team performance begins to decline at the de-norming stage.

D) The growth stages are forming, norming, and performing

A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort. a. change ombudsman b. intrapreneur c. change mentor d. change agent e. staff moderator

D)Change agent

Which of the following statements regarding cohesiveness is true? a. High group cohesiveness equates to low team motivation. b. Cohesive groups are always better-performing groups. c. Cohesive groups engage in less cooperative behavior. d. Cohesive groups have lower turnover. e. Cohesive groups have trouble retaining their members.

D)Cohesive groups have lower turnover

____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged. a. Homogeneous work environments b. Innovative societies c. Empathetic work stations d. Creative work environments e. Participative work teams

D)Creative work enviroments

____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding. a. Cultural satisfaction b. Acculturation c. Reaffirmation d. Diversity e. A discrimination management department

D)Diversity

Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics is a medium-sized U.S. company that sells 1.5 million tubes of its lipstick annually in Japan. It has no physical presence within the country beyond the fact its products are sold there. Fran Wilson Creative Cosmetics uses ____ to reach the Japanese market. a. direct investment b. licensing c. franchising d. exporting e. a strategic alliance

D)Exporting

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation. a. W-curve b. V-shaped c. U-curve d. S-curve e. bell-shaped

D)S-Curve

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ____, a. early in the cycle b. in the maturity stage of the cycle c. at the end of the cycle d. at both the beginning and end of the cycle e. throughout the cycle

D)at both the beginning and end of the cycle

To improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers ____. a. combine developmental feedback and administrative feedback b. use either a halo or a recency measure c. use outsourcing d. base performance appraisal feedback sessions on self-appraisals e. strengthen the grading aspect of performance appraisal

D)base performance appraisal feedback sessions on self-appraisals

All global new ventures share two common factors. One is the bringing of a good or service to several different foreign markets at the same time. The other is ____. a. the use of local adaptation strategy b. a mechanistic organizational culture c. the ability to respond quickly and efficiently to any changes in the external environment d. none of these e. the development of culturally-specific implementation policies

D)none of these

From a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. They are ____. a. quid pro quo and bona fide b. hostile work environment and bona fide c. adverse impact and disparate treatment d. quid pro quo and hostile work environment e. adverse impact and bona fide

D)quid pro quo and hostile work enviroment

Which of the following types of teams have the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods? a. self-managing teams b. sequentially interdependent teams c. self-autonomous teams d. self-designing teams e. semi-autonomous work groups Hide Feedback

D)self-designing team

The two general kinds of trade barriers are: a. voluntary and involuntary barriers b. nationalistic and geocentric barriers c. qualitative and quantitative barriers d. tariff barriers and nontariff barriers e. government import standards and industry import standards

D)tariff barriers and nontarrif barriers

According to the text, a(n) ____ is a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes. a. ad hoc team b. semi-structured team c. venture group d. work team e. autonomous unit

D)work team

He must educate his employees about the need for the change and explain its benefits to them before employing it

Damien Richard is the CEO of QuickShop, a chain of supermarkets. QuickShop is soon going to employ the latest technology, which will help customers reduce their shopping time by an ask-and-get approach. In this approach, a customer has to just name the product, and the robots will bring it to them. QuickShop's employees are worried about losing their jobs if this technology is employed. On speaking to several of the employees, Damien finds that many of them have misguided opinions about the implementation of the technology, causing them to have insecurities. What should Damien do to help them adapt to the change more easily?

Which of the following is an advantage of unity of command?

It prevents the confusion that might arise when an employee receives conflicting commands from two different bosses.

____ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

Direct foreign investment

______ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country

Direct foreign investment

A job candidate is rejected on the pretext that he is hearing impaired. Which of the following types of discrimination does this exemplify?

Disability discrimination

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

Discontinuous change

____ are the expectations that a company will voluntarily serve a social role beyond its economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities

Discretionary responsibilities

Which of the following is a criterion outlined in the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures that is used in determining whether companies have engaged in discriminatory hiring and promotion practices?

Disparate treatment

Specific Environment

Dofasco Dofasco, Inc. is a different kind of steel company. Tiny by industry standards, the Canadian-based company has just 8,500 employees and a market cap of $2.3 billion. Dofasco operates with a close eye on the triple bottom line. In addition to tracking financial metrics, Dofasco also monitors its impact on society and the environment. As a result, the company has outperformed many of its biggest competitors. Despite a recent slump in the automobile industry, which accounted for 50 percent of its business, Dofasco ran at 100 percent capacity and finished as one of the only integrated steelmakers in all of North America to make a profit one year. Dofasco is also one of the only companies in the steel industry without a union, and its employees like it that way. Employee turnover at the company's main operation is less than one percent annually. Part of its low turnover rate is due to the company's concern about protecting its external environment. As the CEO of the company said, "One way to get happy employees is not to wreck their community in which they live." Refer to Dofasco. The fact that Ford purchased less steel from Dofasco during the auto industry's slump would be part of Dofasco's ____ environment because Ford Motor Company is one of its customers.

23. Chapter b Multiple Choice 07-078, Section b Multiple Choice 07-078, Problem b Multiple Choice 07-078 Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true? a. It increases when change efforts receive significant managerial support. b. It increases when those affected by the change participate in its planning and implementation. c. It is minimal in conditions of certainty. d. It increases when employees are educated about the need for change. e. It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust.

A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has ____. a. a small youth population b. all of these c. natural boundaries d. a large population of unskilled workers e. an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site

E) an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site Hide

When significant improvements in performance can ONLY be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is ____ in the S-curve pattern of innovation. a. at the problem identification stage of the innovation cycle b. at its breakeven point c. at either the beginning or end of the innovation cycle d. at the end of its maturity stage e. at the end of the innovation cycle

E) at the end of the innovation cycle

The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been. a. creativity reengineering b. technological replacement c. a sustainable competitive advantage d. planned shrinkage e. technological discontinuity

E) technological discontinuity

The ____ is purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization. a. semi-autonomous team b. ad hoc team c. horizontally organized team d. self-managing team e. cross-functional team

E)Cross-Functional team

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition. a. Change substitution b. The technological growth stage c. The era of dominant design d. Technological adaptation e. Discontinuous change

E)Discontinuous change

A(n) ____ is a formal assessment that measures employee and management attitudes, investigates the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and reviews companies' diversity-related policies and procedures. a. stereotypical audit b. individual SWOT analysis c. employee-oriented attitudinal review d. diversity comparison e. diversity audit

E)Diversity audit

____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company. a. Recruiting b. Human resource implementation c. Functional resource planning d. Work force forecasting e. Human resource management

E)Human resource management

Which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true? a. All of these statements about performance appraisal are true. b. Legally, a disgruntled employee cannot sue an employer on the basis of a dissatisfactory performance appraisal. c. Since performance appraisal is only a marginally important human resource process, any problems associated with it do not affect organizations overall. d. Performance appraisals can be used as a basis for compensation but not as a basis for determining who needs further training. e. Most employees and managers intensely dislike the performance appraisal process.

E)Most employees and managers intensely dislike the performance appraisal process.

Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline? a. de-storming b. reforming c. de-norming d. de-forming e. performing

E)Performing

Historically, most companies have used the ____ to successfully enter foreign markets. a. global new venture approach b. guerrilla approach c. market echo approach d. ripple approach e. phase model of globalization

E)Phase model of globalization

Which of the following factors helps a company determine the growth potential of a foreign market? a. political uncertainty b. type of infrastructure c. land availability d. natural boundaries e. purchasing power

E)Purchasing power

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true? a. Nonemployees cannot be guilty of sexual harassment. b. None of these statements about sexual harassment is true. c. Only people who have themselves been harassed can file complaints or lawsuits. d. The three kinds of sexual harassment are quid pro quo, bona fide, and disparate treatment. e. Sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex.

E)Sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex

____ occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work. a. De-forming b. Mental atrophy c. Stonewalling d. Self-limiting behavior e. Social loafing

E)Social loafing

A __________ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job. a. job description b. job specification c. job validation d. job analysis e. task evaluation

E)Task evaluation

Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ____. a. adverse treatment b. gender discrimination c. disparate treatment d. quid pro quo sexual harassment e. a hostile work environment

E)a hostile work enviroment

The two basic types of diversity training programs are ____. a. mentoring and role-playing b. computer simulation and role-playing c. role-playing and computer simulation d. organizational plurality and individual autonomy e. awareness training and skills-based diversity training

E)awareness training and skills-based diversity training

The term ____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work. a. fees b. value-added c. wages d. salaries e. compensation

E)compensation

The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group. a. social integration b. positive affectivity c. deep-level diversity d. social internalization e. organizational plurality

E)organizational plurality

What are the two types of political risk that affect companies conducting global business? a. nationalism and economic uncertainty b. cultural strength and political risks c. policy uncertainty and expropriation potential d. infrastructure dynamism and political uncertainty e. political uncertainty and policy uncertainty

E)political uncertainty and policy uncertainty

__________ is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. a. Repositioning b. Manufacturing conversion c. Reciprocating interdependence d. Pooling interdependence e. Reengineering

E)reengineering

Conscientiousness is ____. a. defined by none of these b. the degree to which someone is active and gregarious c. the degree to which someone is curious d. the degree to which someone is cooperative, flexible, good-natured, tolerant, and trusting e. the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented

E)the degree in which someone is organized,hardworking,responsible, and achievement-oriented

The term ____ is used by Hofstede to describe the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations. a. power distance b. masculinity c. short-term/long-term orientation d. risk aversion e. uncertainty avoidance

E)uncertainty avoidance

When resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, which of the following is the best approach that a manager can use to manage resistance to change?

Education and communication

Which of the following is a difference between employee involvement teams and semi-autonomous work groups?

Employee involvement teams do not have the authority to make decisions, whereas semi-autonomous groups have the authority to make decisions.

The recruitment head at Auburn Inc. circulated an email to all the employees requesting them to share profiles of suitable candidates. Pamela forwarded one of her friends' resume to the recruitment head as she felt that her friend's expertise would suit the job description. Which of the following methods of recruitment has Auburn Inc. adopted in this scenario?

Employee referral

_____ is a feeling of intrinsic motivation, in which workers perceive their work to have meaning and perceive themselves to be competent, having an impact, and capable of self-determination

Empowerment

Which of the following is a difference between experiential approach to innovation and compression approach to innovation?

Experiential approach is used to establish a new dominant design, whereas compression approach is used to improve the function of the existing dominant design.

A) Early in technology cycle, there is still much to learn, so progress is slow -The flat slope indicates that increased effort (in terms of money or research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance B) As new technology matures, researchers figure out how to get better performance from it (indicates the slight increase) C) the flat slope at the top of the first curve indicates that the performance limits of that particular technology are being reached D)The line in the middle represents the Discontinuity between the old and the new technology

Explanation of the S-Curve pattern of innovation

Exporting

_____ is selling domestically produced products to customers in foreign countries

Exporting

Empowerment

Feeling of intrinsic motivation in which workers perceive their work to have impact and meaning and perceive themselves to be competent and capable of self- determination

3 Mechanisms of Bounded Rationality Model

First: people examine solutions and try (may not be best). If it fails, they try a new solution until one works, and stop looking for alternatives. Second: instead of using explicit criteria, people use heuristics (often what has worked in the past). Third: Satisficing. Choosing a minimally acceptable solution instead of exhaustedly searching for the best solution.

Wholly owned affiliate

Foreign offices, facilities, and manufacturing plants that are 100 percent owned by the parent company

Milestones

Formal project review points used to assess progress and performance. By making people regularly assess what they're doing, how well they're performing, and whether they need to take corrective action, milestones provide structure to the general chaos that follows technological discontinuities. Milestones also shorten the innovation process by creating a sense of urgency that keeps everyone on task

____ are both examples of cooperative contracts.

Franchising and licensing

In the past, battlefield surgery was crude and often ineffective. Which of the following management theorists would most likely have used their understanding of how work is done to help surgeons eliminate unnecessary motions, operate more efficiently, and save more lives by closely studying how surgeries were performed?

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

in the context of the experiential approach to innovation, which of the following is true of design iteration?

Frequent design iterations improve understanding.

____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.

Fuctional

_______ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas expertise

Functional

Re-engineering

Fundamental rethinking and radical design of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed

Which of the following best defines validation?

It is the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance.

Which of the following best defines staff authority?

It is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command.

The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the:

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

What does the acronym GATT stand for?

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The acronym GATT stands for the

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades

Generational change

_____ are new companies that are founded with an active global strategy and have sales, employees, and financing in different countries.

Global new ventures

____ is the extent to which people consciously understand and agree to goals.

Goal acceptance

What is the purpose of trade barriers?

Government imposed regulations that increase the cost and restrict the number of imported goods -Makes it much more expensive or difficult (or sometimes impossible) for consumers to buy or consume imported goods

Which of the following is a subjective performance measure?

Graphic rating scales

Product

Hallmark has 4 departments. 1. Flowers and Gifts 2. Cards and E-cards 3. Hallmark Collectables 4. Photo Albums and Scrapbooks Hallmark uses ___ departmentalization

Michael E. Porter

Harvard professor who developed the idea of unattractive vs. attractive industries and the five external forces that determine this; developed "value chain" to address internal factors

Which of the following is the most important factor in determining the success and failure of an international assignment?

How well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

Which of the following is true of job specialization?

It occurs when a job composed of a small part of a larger task or process.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of a large team?

In a large team, team members find it difficult to get to know one another.

Which of the following is a difference between structured interviews and unstructured interviews?

In structured interviews, interviewers prepare standardized interview questions ahead of time; whereas, in unstructured interviews, interviewers are free to ask applicants anything they want.

it emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems

In terms of change tools and techniques, which of the following is true of organizational development?

simple; complex

In terms of environmental complexity, ____ environments have few environmental factors, whereas ____ environments have many environmental factors.

_______ alone are unlikely to guarantee managerial success, but a lack of these skills will usually limit managerial advancement, even when other skills exist.

Interpersonal skills

Which of the following is an advantage of geographic departmentalization?

It can reduce costs by locating unique organizational resources closer to customers.

Which of the following is true of diversity?

It decreases absenteeism.

Which of the following is an advantage of decentralization?

It develops employee capabilities throughout a company and leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees.

Which of the following is an advantage of a structured interview?

It facilitates comparison between applicants since all applicants are asked the same questions.

Which of the following is true of internal recruiting?

It improves employee commitment and morale.

Which of the following best defines a tariff?

It is a direct tax on imported goods.

Which of the following best defines an incremental change?

It is a phase in which companies innovate by lowering the cost and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant design.

Which of the following best defines the General Electric workout?

It is a three-day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems.

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust.

Which of the following is true of developmental feedback?

It is designed to improve future performance.

Which of the following best defines delegation of authority?

It is the assignment of direct responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which a manager is normally responsible.

Which of the following best defines an interorganizational process?

It is the collection of activities that take place among organizations to transform inputs into outputs that customers value.

Which of the following best defines technological discontinuity?

It is the phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function.

Different Kinds of Organizational Development Interventions

LARGE- SYSTEM INTERVENTIONS Sociotechnical systems An intervention designed to improve how well employees use and adjust to the work technology used in an organization. Survey feedback An intervention that uses surveys to collect information from the members of the system, reports the results of that survey to the members, and then uses those results to develop action plans for improvement. SMALL- GROUP INTERVENTIONS Team building An intervention designed to increase the cohesion and cooperation of work group members. Unit goal setting An intervention designed to help a work group establish short- and long- term goals. PERSON- FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Counseling/ coaching An intervention designed so that a formal helper or coach listens to managers or employees and advises them on how to deal with work or interpersonal problems. Training An intervention designed to provide individuals with the knowledge, skills, or attitudes they need to become more effective at their jobs.

Dark Side of Globalization

Leads to competition where the rich have the greatest control. The extreme gap between the richest individuals and the average worker (not to mention the poorest people). Still millions of people living in absolute poverty--Chinese workers who make our shoes but can't feed their families etc.

The marketing manager of Interstate Bakeries was asked to meet with the organization's research and development department to explain why the company needed to change its 25-year-old package design for Twinkies. The marketing manager took on the interpersonal role as:

Liaison

What is the difference between staff and line authority?

Line authority is the right to command immediate subordinates in the chain of command, while staff authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates in the chain of command. -Line authority commands people while staff authority only advises

Which of the following trends has allowed companies to skip the phase model of globalization when going global?

Low-cost communication technologies make it easier to communicate with global customers.

Which of the following statements about the beginnings of management is true?

Management as a field of study is only about 125 years old.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the inaction stage of organizational decline?

Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent.

change agent

Mark was the person who was in charge of the plan to reinvent Supernova Automobiles. He played a major role in the company making a shift to building solar-powered automobiles from making regular fuel-powered cars. After the change intervention gave satisfactory results, Mark left the project and started working on another project. In the context of organizational development, Mark is a(n) _____.

____ departmentalization is notorious for confusion and conflict between project managers in different areas of the organization.

Matrix

This type of departmentalization violates the unity of command

Matrix departmentalization; most employees report to two or more bosses, one from each core part of the matrix

Difference between mechanistic and organic organization

Mechanistic organizations are characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication - In contrast Organic organization is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities, loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge

Local adaptation

Modifying rules, guidelines, policies, and procedures to adapt to differences in foreign customers, governments, and regulatory agencies

Difference between modular organization and virtual organization

Modular- An organization that outsources noncore business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants Virtual- An organization that is part of a network in which many companies share skills, costs, capabilities, markets, and customers to collectively solve customer problems or provide specific products or services

Which of the following is a reason for smaller representation of minority groups in management positions?

Most companies prefer hiring whites than candidates of minority groups.

Which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true?

Most employees and managers intensely dislike the performance appraisal process.

Nestle is a company based in Switzerland with manufacturing plants in Columbia, Australia, Canada, Egypt, Kenya, and more than 90 other nations. Nestle is an example of a

Multinational corporation

What does MNC stand for?

Multinational corporation

compression approach

What approach can be used during times of incremental change?

Compression approach

What approach is used when there is a dominant design?

To increase visitor numbers, a zoo and nearby natural history museum agree to run a short-term promotion offering discount combination tickets to the two venues. The zoo managers who approved the project and authorized the work hours and capital to support the promotion played _____________.

Negotiator and resource allocator role

creating innovation streams

Over the long run, which of the following is the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage?

All global new ventures share two common factors. One is the bringing of a good or service to several different foreign markets at the same time. The other is ____.

None of These: A mechanistic organizational culture, the ability to respond quickly and efficiently to any changes in the external environment, the use of local adaptation strategy, the development of culturally-specific implementation policies

Which of the following statements is true of compensation?

Nonfinancial awards tend to be most effective when teams or team-based interventions are first introduced.

____ are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior.

Norms

_____ are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior

Norms

The ____ is a regional trade agreement that liberalizes trade between countries more than any other such agreement.

North American Free Trade Agreement

What does NAFTA stand for?

North American free trade agreement

Camila is a new employee at Dario Enterprises and is undergoing training. A senior employee from her team is assigned to mentor Camila. Camila learns by watching her mentor perform various tasks and by working on simple tasks alongside her mentor. Which of the following training methods has Dario Enterprises adopted to train Camila?

On-the-job training

What is one rule of thumb for determining when to be centralized versus decentralized?

One rule of thumb is to stay centralized where standardization is important and to decentralize where standardization is unimportant.

Innovation

Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in an organization.

____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

Organizational innovation

____ is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customer's value.

Organizational process

Functional departmentalization

Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

What is meant by standardization?

Solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes

Which of the following is necessary for stretch goals to effectively motivate teams?

Teams must be empowered with control of resources, such as budgets, workspaces, and computers.

innovation streams

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

The compression approach of innovation management is used in:

Periods of incremental change.

Empowering workers

Permanently passing decision-making authority and responsibility from managers to workers by giving them the information and resources they need to make and carry out good decisions

Flagon Inc., a bottle manufacturing company, pays its employees 50 cents for every bottle that is produced in addition to the production rate of 200 bottles per day. Which of the following compensation systems has Flagon adopted?

Piecework

When media in India informed the public that Coca-Cola products bottled in India contained a high level of certain cancer-causing pesticides, the Indian government immediately ordered Coke to stop production. The Indian government served as a(n) ____.

Primary Stakeholders

Powerful leaders

Provide the vision, discipline, and motivation to keep innovation process focused, on time, and on target. Powerful leaders are able to get resources when they are needed, are typically more experienced, have high status in the company, and are held directly responsible for product success or failure.

In which of the following ways can companies ensure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else?

Providing reasonable workplace accommodations for disabled employees

In the context of global markets, which of the following factors helps companies determine the growth potential of foreign markets?

Purchasing power

Which of the following factors helps a company determine the growth potential of a foreign market?

Purchasing power

__________ is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.

Reengineering

When the CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke about Foreign Legion soldiers, it was an example of

Sexual Harassment

Marie-Helene de Taillac is a well-known European designer of understated, very delicate jewelry. Once she determined that further growth was impossible without changing how she distributed her product, she decided to open her own retail outlet to sell her products rather than letting department stores sell it. Since she made the decision without really examining how much the costs involved in implementing her decision, she has engaged in ____ behavior

She chose an alternative solution that was "good enough" without examining every last variable

Zenzar Corp. is a software firm that plans to hire technical writers for its new project. The job requires candidates with good technical writing skills. Which of the following tests would be appropriate to test this ability of candidates?

Specific ability test

____ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team.

Team level

Which of the following statements is true of the norming stage of team development?

Team members begin to settle into their roles as team members in the norming stage of team development.

Which of the following is most likely a result of minority domination?

Team members do not feel accountable for the decision and actions taken by their teams.

Organizational development _____.

emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems

What are the different types of trade barriers?

Tariff- A direct tax on imported goods Non-tariff- Non tax methods of increasing the cost or reducing the volume of imported goods

Rosemond Inc. manufactures cosmetics for women. Although majority of its customers are females, it has only 30 percent female employees. The company has been witnessing decline in sales as more innovative products have entered the market. The top management at Rosemond has realized that the company should understand customer needs and introduce new products. In this scenario, which of the following steps should Rosemond take to understand customer requirements?

The company should recruit more female employees.

not establishing a great enough sense of energy & not creating a powerful enough guiding coalition

What are 2 errors made when unfreezing?

The idea that management should pay more attention to employees came out of:

The Hawthorne Studies

Which of the following is a regional trade agreement between most European countries?

The Maastricht Treaty of Europe

compression approach to managing innovation

The _____ assumes that innovation is a predictable process that can be planned using a series of steps and reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up the innovation process.

experiential approach to innovation

The _____ assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment.

Rohit, an Indian, is a marketing executive in an American company. He graduated from a top Ivy League university in the United States and is known for his outstanding performance, positive attitude, and innovative ideas. Despite his educational qualifications and skills, Rohit is not promoted as the marketing manager. Instead, Ryan, a white male with lesser experience and average performance, is promoted as the marketing manager. Which of the following is most likely the reason that Rohit is not promoted?

The company prefers to have white Americans at top positions.

Technological Discontinuity

The development of the digital camera forced Kodak into the innovation stream because the new imaging process was an

Which of the following is a disadvantage of wholly owned affiliates?

The expense of building new operations

What is the first step for an organizational development intervention?

The first step is entry, a problem is discovered and the need for change becomes apparent. A search begins for someone to deal with the problem and facilitate change

Which of the following statements about federal employment law is true?

The intent of anti-discrimination law is to make factors such as gender, race, or age irrelevant in employment decisions

In the context of recruiting, which of the following kinds of information can be gathered by job analysis?

The knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to perform work

Change Agent

The person formally in charge of guiding a change effort

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are:

Organizational Structure

The vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company Concerned with; -Who reports to whom? -Who does what? -Where is the work done?

How do national cultures differ?

They differ in: -Power distance; where people in a country accept that power is distributed unequally in society and organizations -individualism; the degree to which societies believe that individuals should be self sufficient - masculinity; high assertive or highly nurturing culture (femininity) -uncertainty avoidance; the degree to which people in a country are uncomfortable with unstructured, ambiguous, unpredictable situations short term vs. long term orientation; addresses whether cultures are orientated to the present and seek immediate gratification or to the future and defer gratification

Which of the following is an advantage of joint ventures?

They help companies avoid tariff and nontariff barriers to entry.

Which of the following statements is true of the members of self-managing teams?

They manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product or service without first getting approval from management.

Which of the following steps should companies take to reduce age discrimination?

They need to monitor the extent to which older workers receive training.

Which of the following is true of employee involvement teams?

They offer advice and suggestions to management concerning specific issues.

Which of the following statements is true of team norms?

They regulate the everyday actions that allow teams to function effectively.

Which of the following statements is true of the members of virtual teams?

They use email and videoconferencing.

Departmentalization

This organizational structure was perceived as a way to enhance the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge. Institutions providing higher education have traditionally used ____

Remove Impediments

To foster creativity, companies may also have to remove impediments to creativity from their work environments. Internal conflict and power struggles, rigid management structures, and a conservative bias toward the status quo can all discourage creativity. They create the perception that others in the organization will decide which ideas are acceptable and deserve support.

One of the major questions that a company must typically answer about its future, once it has decided to go global is ____.

To what extent should the company standardize or adapt business procedures?

Cultures differ in terms of _________; this is, the extent to which they need things to be clear or ambiguous.

Uncertainty avoidance

What to do when Employees Resist

Unfreeze- -Share Reasons -Empathize -Communicate Change- -Explain -Champion -Opportunities for feedback -Offer Security -Educate -Don't Rush Freeze-

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

group compensation

self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change

What are 3 things that cause resistance?

Which of the following is an external recruitment method?

Walk-in

generational change

What allows the old and newer versions of the same technological design to coexist in the marketplace?

compression approach to innovation

What approach assumes that innovation is a predictable process that can be planned in steps?

experiential approach

What approach can be used during times of discontinuous change?

declaring a victory too soon & not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture

What are the 2 errors made when refreezing?

supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a laser-like focus on quickly measuring and improving results; managers introduce changes in procedures, philosophy, or behavior only if they are likely to improve measured performance; & quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes to improve measured performance

What are the 3 advantages of results-driven change?

speed, lower costs, incremental improvements in performance of dominant design

What are the 3 goals of the compression approach?

intuition, flexible options, & hands-on experience

What are the 3 keys to product innovation?

organizational, supervisory, and work group

What are the 3 kinds of encouragement in a creative work environment?

organizational members accept ownership and responsibility for the change, which is then carried out through the entire organization

Which of the following occurs in the adoption stage of organizational development interventions?

Which of the following is a significant factor behind the lack of women at top levels of management?

Women face sex discrimination.

Flow

_____ is a psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you are doing and time seems to pass quickly.

A(n)_______resource is a resource that is not controlled or possessed by many competing firms. a. rare b. imperfectly imitable c. nonsubstitutable d. strategically dissonant e. permanent

A_______is a strategic alliance in which two existing companies collaborate to form a third, independent company. a. joint venture b. Franchise c. wholly owned affiliate d. global new venture e. cooperative contract

An expatriate is someone who _____. Select one: a. lives and works outside his or her own country b. believes strongly in nationalization c. is unhappy with his or her present residence d. claims dual citizenship e. desires to be employed in a country other than his or her own country

An innovation stream moves from one technology cycle to another through the process of______. a. technological substitution b. dominant design c. incremental environmental change d. organizational synergy e. transition management

Companies need to excel at managing________in order to successfully manage innovation streams. a. the sources of innovation b. innovation during synergistic change c. reciprocity d. environmental design issues e. behavioral formality

Protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies and their workers from _____. Select one: a. foreign competition b. patent violations c. copyright violations d. international unions e. trademark infringements

The _____ created a regional trading zone in Europe. Select one: a. Maastricht Treaty b. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation c. Global Agreement for Transactional Trading d. Free Trade Agreement e. Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The first step in the strategy-making process is to______. a. assess the need for strategic change b. conduct a situation analysis c. choose strategic alternatives d. evaluate the impact of changes on the internal environment e. create a strategic budget

When resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, managers should use as an approach to manage resistance. a. education and communication b. participation c. negotiation d. coercion e. change manipulation

When the first cell phone was released, only a few people could afford to buy it. Over the years, mobile manufacturers improved the phone designs and features and also reduced their cost to make them more affordable. This signaled the shift to the _____ stage of the technology cycle. Select one: a. incremental change b. technological discontinuity c. dominant design d. technological continuity e. discontinuous change

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions? Select one: a. Coercion b. Arbitration c. Negotiation d. Reinforcement modification e. Mentoring

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged. Select one: a. Creative work environments b. Homogeneous work environments c. Centralized work environments d. Hierarchical work stations e. Bureaucratic work teams

_____ is the set of shared values and beliefs that affects the perceptions, decisions, and behavior of the people from a particular country. Select one: a. National culture b. National diversity c. Cultural nationalization d. National mindset e. Cultural diversity

_____are the targets that managers use to measure whether their firm has developed the core competencies that it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. a. Strategic reference points b. Strategic focus points c. Differentiation targets d. Imperfectly imitable resources e. Strategic monitors

According to the text, valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable resources can produce sustainable competitive advantage only if they are resources. a. nonsubstitutable b. substitutable c. reliable d. expensive e. imitable

a For a firm's resources to provide sustainable competitive advantage they must be rare, imperfectly imitable, and nonsubstitutable.

A cosmetics company that is considering entering the South American market would be especially interested in the discretionary income within that region. In other words, which of the following would be a determining factor in its global strategy? a. purchasing power b. political uncertainty c. expropriation potential d. infrastructure e. sociocultural trends

a Purchasing power is defined as a comparison of the relative cost of a standard set of goods and services in different countries. Discretionary income is that portion of purchasing power above and beyond income required to meet basic living expenses (i.e., spending money).

Top-Flite manufactures Strata golf balls and prices these balls at about three times what ordinary golf balls cost. The Strata ball sells exceptionally well because customers perceive its patented three-layer construction to improve handling and increase distance. The patent on these golf balls gives Top-Flite a(n)_______. a. sustainable competitive advantage b. aggregate marketing strategy c. reliable differentiation d. strategic stance e. differential stance

a The Strata product is difficult to imitate, valuable, rare, and without substitutes.

A _______ strategy is a broad corporate-level strategic plan used to achieve strategic goals and guide the strategic _______alternatives that managers of individual businesses or subunits may use. a. grand b. growth c. stability d.retrenchment/recovery e. repositioning.

a This is the definition of a grand strategy.

How can companies foster the generation of new ideas?

a. By building a creative work environment

Which of the following is NOT one of the core job characteristics in the job characteristics model (JCM)

a. Client relationships

Which of the following types of conflicts is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance

a. Cognitive conflict

Senora is the CEO of a new company called BSL Corp. She has instructed the managers to use the traditional approach to create the organization's structure. What should the managers at BSL Corp. do?

a. Create an organizational structure with vertical and horizontal configurations

Which of the following statements regarding cohesiveness is true?

a. Engaging in non-work activities as a team can help build cohesion

Which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?

a. Functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists.

Which of the following is the key difference between line authority and staff authority?

a. Line authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, whereas staff authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change?

a. Managers introduce changes in policies, procedures, rules, and regulations only when they will improve measured performance. b. All of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach. c. Quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes. d. Managers actually test to see if changes make a difference. e. It supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a focus on quickly measuring and improving results. B

Which of the following types of teams has the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods

a. Self-designing teams

Which of the following typically happens during the storming stage of team development?

a. Team members begin to work together, and different personalities and work styles clash

In terms of innovation streams, what occurred when customers purchased flat-screen computer monitors to replace the older, bulkier monitors?

a. Technological substitution

One of the major questions that a company must typically answer about its future, once it has decided to go global is ____. a. To what extent should the company standardize or adapt business procedures? b. To what extent should a company abide by global or regional trade agreements? c. How many additional employees will the company need? d. Will the organization's mission statement need to be changed? e. How many new shareholders will be influenced by global activities?

a. To what extent should the company standardize or adapt business procedures?

How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction? a. by creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements b. by instituting a system of increased formalization throughout the organization c. by taking direct responsibility for service quality d. by creating outsourcing opportunities that improve organizational effectiveness and efficiency by creating economies of scale e. by developing ideal solutions to organizational problems through the use of information management systems (most notably expert systems)

a. by creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements

Where standardization is important, it is appropriate to _____

a. centralize authority

Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by _____

a. chain of command

a. change forces; resistance forces- CORRECT b. compressed changes; generational changes c. generational changes; inertial changes d. change forces; inertial forces e. generational forces; resistance forces

a. coercive change b. discontinuous innovation c. generational change- CORRECT d. a milestone e. intuitive change

In order to cut costs and improve efficiency, old assembly line of a chocolate manufacturing company is being replaced by a system of employees working in groups. Under the new system, each person does several jobs because each of them have been trained to do the others' tasks. The chocolate manufacturing company is using _____

a. cross-training

During the latter half of the last decade, flat-screen television sets were gradually replaced by LED television sets; the LED televisions became the new market standard. The latter is an example of a _____

a. dominant design

a. experiential- b. prototypical c. milestones d. reinforcement e. compression- CORRECT

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization?

a. exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly owned affiliates

a. generational change

Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____.

a. groups of ten or larger

According to Hofstede, when people in a culture are oriented to the present and seek immediate gratification, that culture is described as ____.

a. having a short-term orientation

In essence, reengineering changes organizations by _____

a. increasing reciprocal interdependence

The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.

a. internal motivation

Decentralization ____.

a. leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The 3 transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____

accountability

When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.

accountability

Tactical Plans

affect a single business within an organization and its product lines; plans that translate strategic plans into specific goals for specific parts of the organization; focus on 1-2 years in the future (related to Business and Functional Levels)

purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minority workers

affirmative actions

Downsizing has thinned the ranks of hospital personnel. Hospital employees were adamantly resisting any more change. What method could hospital administrators use to manage this resistance?

any or all of these

Milestones

are formal project review points used to assess progress and performance. By making people regularly assess what they're doing, how well they're performing, and whether they need to take corrective action, milestones provide structure to the general chaos that follows technological discontinuities. Regularly meeting milestones gives people a sense of accomplishment and can shorten the innovation process by creating a sense of urgency that keeps people on task.

Norms

are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior

Multi functional Teams

are work teams composed of people from different departments. Multifunctional teams accelerate learning and understanding by mixing and integrating technical, marketing, and manufacturing activities. By involving all key departments in development from the start, multifunctional teams speed innovation through early identification of new ideas or problems that would typically not have been generated or addressed until much later.

Ignatius Inc., a lock manufacturer, is part of a national program in which employers encourage disabled workers to work with ease. To help workers with sight impairments, Ignatius has provided them with magnifying lenses that give them the vision acuity as they need to work on the small parts within a lock. These lenses are an example of _____.

assistive technology

Compression Approach to Innovation

assumes that innovation is a predictable process, that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps, and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation. The compression approach to innovation has five aspects: planning, supplier involvement, shortening the time of individual steps, overlapping steps, and multifunctional teams.

Experiential Approach to Innovation

assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment and that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding. The experiential approach to innovation has five aspects: design iterations, testing, milestones, multifunctional teams, and powerful leaders.

Diversity drives business growth by:

attracting different customers and markets.

Which of the following statements about portfolio strategy is true? a. The evidence supports the usefulness of acquiring unrelated businesses. b. Dysfunctional consequences can occur when companies are categorized. c. The strategy may weaken the strongest performer in the corporate portfolio, the problem child. d. Labeling a top performer as a cash cow will strengthen employee morale. e. Maslow's hierarchy can be used to determine the level of motivation needed to acquire and make a success of portfolio strategy.

b Categorizing businesses can prove dysfunctional because doing so relies on past performance and tends to weaken cash cows. Research evidence does not support the usefulness of acquiring unrelated diversification. Employees in a company labeled a cash cow are likely to feel that the firm is "milking" (rather than growing) their business. The Maslow item is a red herring.

When Coca-Cola acquired a water-treatment and bottling plant so it could produce and market Dasani brand bottled water, it was an example of______. a. a repositioning strategy b. external growth c. niche marketing d. a retrenchment strategy e. internal growth

b Coca-Cola is growing through acquisition of other companies.

Deutsche Bank is the largest bank in the world. Would this give it a sustainable competitive advantage? a. yes, because it would make its operations synergistic b. no, because size is not a criteria for sustainable competitive advantage c. no, because large institutions make more effective use of resources d. no, because large organizations are always targeted for anti-trust activities e. yes, because size is directly and positively related to efficiency

b Competitive advantage is defined as providing greater value for customers than competitors can. There is no evidence of a direct correlation between a company's size and the value it provides to its customers.

Which of the following must be met if a firm's resources are to be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage? a. differentiation b. imperfectly imitable resources c. related diversification d. unrelated diversification e. a matrix organizational structure

b Resources that are difficult to imitate are critical to sustaining a competitive advantage.

A(n)_____strategy is a corporate strategy that addresses the question "How should we compete in this industry?" a. corporate-level b. industry-level c. firm-level d. niche-specific e. SBU-level

b This is the definition of industry-level strategy.

Protectionism is the use of trade barriers to protect local companies and their workers from_______. a. international unions b. foreign competition c. trademark infringements d. patent violations e. all of these

b This is the definition of protectionism.

A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has_____. a. a large population of unskilled workers b. an effective but cost-efficient place to build an office or manufacturing site c. a small youth population d. natural boundaries e. all of these

b Three attributes that contribute to an attractive business climate are identified as: (1) easy access to growing markets; (2) cost-efficient location; and (3) lower level of political risk.

How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?

b. By training teams to meet the needs of specific customers

Which of the following statements about team training is true? a. Organizations often overestimate the amount of training required to make teams effective. b. Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers. c. Team leaders typically do not require training. d. The most common type of training provided is training in technical skills. e. The most common type of training provided is training in conceptual skills.

b. Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.

____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.

b. Delegation of authority

____ is a method of investment in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country.

b. Direct foreign investment

_____ do NOT have the authority to make decisions

b. Employee involvement teams

_____ is characterized by simple, easy-to-learn steps, low variety, and high repetition

b. Job specialization

Which of the following kinds of teams is always temporary?

b. Project team

_____ are often used to develop new products, significantly improve existing products, roll out new information systems, or build new factories or offices within a specific time, following which the team members either move on to the next project or return to their functional units

b. Project teams

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true? a. Resistance to change will not occur when those affected by the change participate in its planning and implementation. b. Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable. c. Resistance to change will not occur when change efforts receive significant managerial support. d. Resistance to change will not occur when employees are educated about the need for change. e. Resistance to change disappears when the organization operates in conditions of certainty.

b. Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable.

Which of the following statements about team compensation is generally true?

b. Skill-based pay is more effective for self-directing teams performing complex tasks

_____ is a term used by work teams to describe when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work

b. Social loafing

____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization.

b. Task significance

Which of the following statements about team development is true?

b. The growth stages are forming, norming, and performing.

Which of the following approaches to job redesign entails more than simply providing variety in job tasks

b. The job characteristics model

b. at the end of the innovation cycle

if someone can't lift a 60 pound box of cargo (required for job) and isn't hired, it is the result of a what?

bona fide occupational qualification

what does BFOQ stand for?

bona fide occupational qualification

A limitation on weight and height of individuals working in quality control at this company would be legal because it is an example of ___

bona fide occupational qualifications (BFQQs)

Unverferth Manufacturing makes agricultural equipment. It used finite element analysis (FEA) software to speed up the design cycle for its 12-row sub-soiler. Which aspect of the compression approach to innovation would the use of this software apply? a. planning b. supplier involvement c. shortening the time of individual steps d. multifunctional teams e. functional isolation

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic methods for managing resistance to change? a. education and communication b. participation c. change simulation d. negotiation e. coercion

_____ is a method in which a company builds a new business or buys an existing business in a foreign country. Select one: a. Strategic alliance b. Global new venture c. Direct foreign investment d. Direct exporting e. Joint venture

The evidence clearly shows that international assignment. ________is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an a. the amount of language training provided to the expatriate b. the amount of cross-cultural training provided to the expatriate c. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture d. how willing the expatriate was to accept the foreign assignment e. the similarity of the foreign language to the expatriate's native language

c Because an expatriate's spouse and family are often more immersed in the daily culture of the foreign country, their adaptability exerts a strong influence on the performance and retention of the expatriate worker.

The highly fragmented chemical industry in Europe has experienced decreasing profits in an industry reluctance to change the way it conducts business, especially in how it competes against lower-priced U.S. imports. This is an example of______. a. competitive dissonance b. strategic apathy c. competitive inertia d. strategic inertia e. competitive apathy

c Competitive inertia is defined as a reluctance to change strategies or competitive practices that have been successful in the past.

Which of the following organizations are most directly in competition with each other? a. Kmart and Gap b. a local flower shop and a grocery store that sells flowers c. FedEx and UPS d. an independent bookstore and a library e. HBO and UPN television network

c FedEx and UPS have a very high degree of market commonality and resource similarity.

The trade agreement that represented the most significant change to the regulations governing global trade during the 1990s was the_____. a. Maastricht Treaty of Europe b. North American Free Trade Agreement c. World Trade Organization d. Mercosur e. Asian Free Trade Arrangement

c GATT was a comprehensive trading agreement originally signed by 124 countries and provided the basic framework for the World Trade Organization agreement, which took the place of GATT in 1995.

The______strategy is analogous to pruning flowers. a. growth b. stability c. retrenchment/recovery d. portfolio e. repositioning

c Retrenchment is aimed at scaling back to a healthy base from which the company can grow.

The Japanese government continues to use the high tariffs to make sure local farmers can earn a living. The tariff on rice is an example of_______. a. a voluntary government restriction b. geocentrism c. protectionism d. a security quota e. a bureaucratic subsidy

c The aim of the Japanese policy is to shield domestic competitors from foreign competition, an aim consistent with protectionism.

An organization is experiencing when there is a discrepancy between upper management's intended strategy and the strategy actually implemented by the lower levels of management. a. horizontal conflict b. character of the rivalry c. strategic dissonance d. competitive inertia e. an organizational roadblock

c This is the definition of strategic dissonance.

The is a portfolio strategy that managers use to categorize their corporation's businesses by growth rate and relative market share. This strategy helps them to decide how to invest corporate funds. a. investment matrix b. SWOT matrix c. BCG matrix d. portfolio management matrix e. Maslow grid

c This is the definition of the BCG matrix.

Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?

c. Absence of organizational impediments

_____ refers to the emotional reactions that can occur when disagreements become personal rather than professional

c. Affective conflict

Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?

c. All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work.

Which of the following statements describe an advantage teams have over individuals in the decision-making process? a. Teams generate more commitment to making the decisions work. b. Teams generate more alternative solutions. c. All of these describe advantages teams have over individuals in the decision-making process. d. Teams are able to view problems from multiple perspectives. e. Teams can identify problems more efficiently and more quickly.

c. All of these describe advantages teams have over individuals in the decision-making process.

At which stage of organizational decline does the decline become irreversible?

c. Dissolution stage

____ are both examples of cooperative contracts.

c. Franchising and licensing

Which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true? a. Functional departmentalization complicates communication and coordination for departmental managers. b. Functional departmentalization is also called free-form specialization. c. Functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists. d. Functional departmentalization increases costs by reducing duplication. e. Functional departmentalization requires the same kinds of functional departments in any company.

c. Functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists.

Linda is a manager at a local restaurant. She wants to introduce a new scheme that she thinks will improve customer satisfaction. But before this, she needs to inform her team about this. Should Linda force consensus for her new scheme? Why?

c. No, because insisting on consensus usually promotes affective rather than cognitive conflict

Which of the following statements about job validation tests is true? a. A test is said to be valid when it produces the same results every time it is used. b. In terms of recruitment, validation is most important in identifying what training prospective employees need. c. Validation refers to the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance. d. None of these statements about validation is true. e. The Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection Procedures recommend validation only for written tests used as selection procedures.

c. Validation refers to the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance.

When significant improvements in performance can only be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is _____ in the S-curve pattern of innovation

c. at the end of the innovation cycle

c. change forces; resistance forces

Large accounting agencies typically have separate departments that deal with households, businesses, and governments. This allows them to better serve the needs of their clients by using _____

c. customer departmentalization

A technology _____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology

c. cycle

ACST University is well known for the wide array of courses it offers. It offers courses in fine arts, humanities, science, and management. The university has dedicated divisions for each stream. In management terms, the university uses _____ to manage the different disciplines

c. departmentalization

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization? a. exporting; wholly owned affiliates; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances b. home country sales; exporting; job ventures; strategic alliances, and direct investment c. exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly owned affiliates d. exporting; cooperative contracts; wholly owned affiliates; strategic alliances e. exporting; strategic alliances; cooperative contracts; wholly owned affiliates

c. exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly owned affiliates

The organizational process ____.

c. is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

Elena works in a data processing department for a large credit reporting service and is bored. She spends her days entering an endless stream of monotonous data into much larger databases. According to the job characteristics model (JCM), one of the primary reasons for her boredom would most likely be a _____

c. low degree of task identity

Self-managing teams are different from semi-autonomous work groups in that team members:

c. manage and control all of the major tasks directly related to production of a product or service without first getting approval from management

According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:

c. not establishing a great enough sense of urgency

The three types of task interdependence are

c. reciprocal, pooled, and sequential

Which of the following is common type of rating error to which managers are prone in the performance appraisal process?

central tendency error

A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.

change agent

A(n) is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.

change agent

Levi Strauss Emily Morgan is a 30-year veteran at Levi Strauss & Company. She joined the company as a secretary in the advertising department and slowly began rising through the ranks. The more she saw how the company worked, the more dissatisfied she became. According to Morgan, the company was "dysfunctional" and "internally competitive, one division against another." This is why Morgan became a part of the change initiative when talk of reinventing the company spread through headquarters. She led the team that designed the Develop Sources process, a system for working with suppliers. In 1995, Morgan became vice president for fulfillment, Asia. Her job was to convince Levi's Asia suppliers to adopt more efficient production and distribution techniques. The Asian suppliers were afraid of change. Once Morgan and her staff showed suppliers how use of the Develop Sources program would benefit them, Morgan's job to transform Levi's Asian operations became easier. Refer to Levi Strauss. Emily Morgan is an example of a(n) __

change agent

Results- driven change

change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results

Results Driven Change

change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results.

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

change forces

change forces; resistance forces

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization

change forces; resistance forces

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ________ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ________ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization.

change forces; resistance forces

Which of the following is NOT one of the basic methods for managing resistance to change?

change simulation

Discontinuous Change

characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

Planning is ultimately based upon ____.

choosing a goal and developing a method or strategy to achieve that goal

When the Chicago-based Club Aluminum Company was facing bankruptcy, one of the changes its new CEO made was to create a(n) ______ for all employees to follow in their business and professional lives. It read, "Of the things we think, say, and do: (1) Is it the truth? (2) Is it fair to all concerned? (3) Will it build goodwill and better friendships? (4) Will it be beneficial to all concerned?

code of ethics

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

coercion

Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?

cognitive ability tests

Which of the following types of conflict is most strongly associated with improvements in team performance

cognitive conflict

studies show that when company equipment is stolen, it is an employee 82% of the time. if an employer was trying to stop employee theft what test would be greatest benefit of the company

cognitive test

______ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it

cohesiveness

the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to stay in it

cohesiveness

Disruptive Technology

company fails because they don't pay attention to a small area that is changing; IBM chose to ignore the cheaper, smaller PC market and stayed making huge, high end computers.

Design competition

competition between old and new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design

The ____ strategy of minimizing or adapting to the political risk inherent to global business makes use of joint ventures and collaborative contracts.

cooperation

A(n) ____ is an agreement in which a foreign business owner pays a company a fee for the right to conduct that business in his or her country.

cooperative contract

Imagine Dow Chemical is conducting a situational analysis. According to its sales, Dow is the second largest chemical company in the world. BASF is the largest. Both companies use a similar strategy. Within Dow's situational analysis, BASF would be classified as a ____.

core firm

The primary disadvantage of using wholly owned affiliated as the means of entering a foreign market is_____

costs

The primary disadvantage of using wholly owned affiliates as the means of entering a foreign market is ____.

costs

The purpose of pre-departure language and cross-cultural training is to______. a. cater to employees who require affective learning b. increase job empathy c. encourage job specialization d. reduce the uncertainty for those becoming expatriates e. avoid legal problems in the future

A manufacturer of acrylic and latex gloves sells to medical laboratories, to factories where employees handle chemicals, to companies that manufacture micro-tech equipment, and to cleaning services. Because it is organized to better satisfy the needs of each of its four target markets, the manufacturer uses ____ departmentalization.

customer

With divisions that focus on business clients and consumer clients, companies like Sprint, American Express, and others are examples of ____ departmentalization.

customer

With divisions that focus on business clients and consumer clients, companies like Sprint, American Express, and others are examples of ______ departmentalization

customer

Onyx Inc., a manufacturer of home appliances, received consumer complaints about its product demonstration and installation services. Marshall, the company's chief executive officer, ordered investigation to determine the reasons for these complaints. It was found that employees who were hired to demonstrate and install the products lacked experience. Marshall immediately formed a team who were trained by technicians to improve their skills. Subsequently, all the consumers who had previously filed complaints were given effective demonstration. Eventually, the customer service desk started receiving appreciations and the sales improved. In this scenario, the work team improved _____.

customer satisfaction

A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

A technology _______ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

design iteration

cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on the design, and then builds and tests the improved product or service prototype

.______is the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs. a. Resource manipulation b. Procedural innovation c. A transformation system d. Technology e. Creativity

According to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts? a. the absence of a vision b. not removing obstacles to the company's new vision c. not creating a powerful enough guiding coalition d. declaring victory too soon e. all of these

An industry-level strategy that is best suited to changes in the organization's external environment is a(n)______. a. positioning b. differentiation c. growth d. adaptive e. diversification

An organization is experiencing been successful in the past. a. strategic dissonance b. strategic inertia c. competitive dissonance d. competitive inertia e. sustained competitive disarray when it is reluctant to change strategies or competitive practices that have

Hofstede's research has shown that there are _____. Select one: a. four factors upon which a company should base its decision to globalize b. no cultural differences among nations in which Spanish is the national language c. two distinct methods for dealing with cultural differences--adaptation and continuation d. five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries e. direct relationships existing between type of infrastructures and growth potential

In a multinational firm, managers at company headquarters typically prefer an emphasis on simplifies decisions. a. local consistency b. local adaptation c. global adaptation d. global consistency e. domestic adaptation

In a situational analysis, a strategic group is a group of that top managers choose for comparing, evaluating, and benchmarking their company's strategic threats and opportunities. a. non-industry specific companies b. expert managers c. trade journals and other relevant periodicals d. other firms within an industry e. consulting firms that use the Delphi technique

The Green Giant consumer products company learned that it could not use their Jolly Green Giant character in parts of Asia where a green hat worn by a man signifies that he has an unfaithful wife. This is an example of a(n)_______that influenced global marketing. a. geocentric attitude b. control strategy c. cooperative strategy d. cultural difference e. avoidance strategy

The positioning strategies identified by Michael Porter are____. a. entrepreneurial, growth, and stability b. diversification, acquisition, and divestment c. defender strategy; diversification, and cost leadership d. focus, cost leadership, and differentiation e. divestment; cost leadership, and diversification

Peter, the marketing manager of a company that manufactures church furniture, has been given the job of increasing corporate profits by five percent during the upcoming year. Peter decided to give his assistant the full responsibility and authority for developing a mailing campaign to target churches in an entire state. In other words, Peter has _____

d. delegated the task

Job specialization can result in ____.

d. employee boredom

Hofstede's research has shown there are: a. direct relationships existing between type of infrastructures and growth potential b. two distinct methods for dealing with cultural differences--adaptation and continuation c. four factors upon which a company should base its decision to globalize d. five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries e. no cultural differences among nations in which Spanish is the national language

d. five consistent dimensions of cultural differences across countries

The evidence clearly shows that __________ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

d. how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create _____ year after year

d. innovation streams

An expatriate is someone who:

d. lives and works outside of his or her own country

The CEO of RNK Electronics believes that the first requirement of management is that it should make the fullest use of its members' capacities. Thus, every employee's job at RNK Electronics is as minimally defined as possible so that it shapes itself to the employees' special abilities and initiative. RNK Electronics most likely is a(n) _____

d. organic organization

The three types of task interdependence are

d. pooled, sequential, and reciprocal

The three types of task interdependence are a. sequential, delegated, and pooled b. delegated, integrated, and combined c. integrated, reciprocal, and synergistic d. reciprocal, pooled, and sequential e. pooled, delegated, and systematic Hide Feedback

d. reciprocal, pooled, and sequential

A(n) _____ is defined as a group that has the authority to make decisions and solve problems related to the major tasks of producing a product or service

d. semi-autonomous work group

The two general kinds of trade barriers are:

d. tariff barriers and nontariff barriers

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____.

d. technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change

In the autonomy continuum, the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is:

d. traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self- managing teams, and self-designing teams

One of the key assumptions underlying the chain of command is _____, which means that workers should report to just one supervisor

d. unity of command

Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline

de norming

An Indian Catholic Cardinal's call for local church leaders to have more power and for papal authority to be distributed to lower levels within the Catholic hierarchy has elicited agreement from other church leaders in India. He also asserted that bishops should not have "to run to Rome for everything" and that canon law should be modified to allow the pope to share his authority. Vithayathil is calling for ____.

decentralization

According to John Kotter, which of the following actions will adversely influence refreezing efforts?

declaring victory too soon

As a consequence of the Industrial Revolution and its emphasis on specialization, institutions providing higher education developed strict departments that contained specialized functions. This organizational structure was perceived as a way to enhance the accumulation and dissemination of knowledge. Institutions providing higher education have traditionally used ____.

departmentalization

When a U.S. automaker learned that it took longer than any other U.S. car manufacturer to assemble a vehicle, it purchased newer, more flexible manufacturing systems to replace its older ones. Which stage of the technology cycle did it enter?

discontinuous change

Companies are not considered unethical if they do not perform their ______ responsiblities

discretionary

what is the intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring/promotional opportunities because of sex, age, or gender

disparate treatment

Fatimah has been hired for the post of secretary at Mauve Corp. The company conducts a routine background check based on information provided by Fatimah. Unfortunately, her previous employer declines to provide meaningful references or her job history. However, Mauve Corp. ignores this lack of data and assumes that she is a credible employee. Mauve is at the risk of being sued under _____ lawsuit.

disparate treatment

The informational role managers' play when they share information they have collected with their subordinates and others in the company is called the ____ role.

disseminator

distinctive competence

In Great Britain, Nestlé introduced a candy bar called Yorkie with the slogan "It's not for girls!" The resulting furor over this sexist campaign required its British managers to spend a great deal of time in the role of:

disturbance handlers

A modem factory owned by 3Com in Morton Grove, Illinois, has 1,200 workers who speak 20 different languages. This factory illustrates

diversity

Manuela, a Hispanic sales executive, is a new employee at Taupe Inc. Kevin, an Irish American, is also a marketing executive at Taupe with two years of experience. Kevin is assigned the task of mentoring Manuela. The objective of mentoring is not only to train Manuela but also to change employees' stereotypical beliefs and attitudes about different ethnic groups. This scenario illustrates _____.

diversity pairing

The primary disadvantage of geographic departmentalization is ____.

duplication of resources

.______is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition. a. Technological adaptation b. The era of dominant design c. The technological growth stage d. Change substitution e. Discontinuous change

A situational analysis for a manufacturer of pet food might reveal which of the following facts . a. a growing dog and cat population in the United States b. scientific research that indicates dogs need less calcium in their diet c. a less expensive, more nutritious imported brand of pet food d. a growing demand for gourmet pet food e. all of these

Aveda is a manufacturer and marketer of cosmetics, perfumes, hair-care, and skin-care products. To differentiate its products from other similar brands, Aveda focuses on educating its customers on general skin and hair care. Its salespeople are trained to answer questions and help customers find solutions. Aveda has used customer education and employee training to_______. a. create synergy through relationship marketing b. prevent product duplication c. make efficient use of imitative resources d. eliminate the need for nonsubstitutable resources e. create a competitive advantage

Downsizing has thinned the ranks of hospital personnel. Hospital employees were adamantly resisting any more change. What method could hospital administrators use to manage this resistance? a. educate employees about the need for change b. let the employees participate in implementing the change process c. provide significant managerial support d. let employees discuss and agree on who will do what after change occurs e. any or all of these

NTL is the largest cable company in the United Kingdom. The company has recently declared bankruptcy and needs to engage in restructuring in order to give it more flexibility and allow it to raise capital. Since it has identified the need for strategic change, what would be the organization's next step in this strategy-making process? a. finding the optimal strategic solution b. brainstorming c. conducting focus groups d. assessing the need for strategic change e. conducting a situation analysis

Which of the following statements is true about the compression approach to managing innovation? Select one: a. It involves the general strategy of building something new. b. It is used during periods of uncertainty. c. It is used during periods of discontinuous change. d. It aims at developing a new dominant design. e. It is used during periods of incremental change.

In Canada, two automobile companies have entered into a______to create CAMI Automotive. One firm's management runs the plant, which makes the other's cars. The agreement gives one access to the other's dealers to sell its brand of vehicles. a. licensing agreement b. subsidiary arrangement c. cooperative contract d. exporting agency e. joint venture

e A joint venture involves two existing firms pooling resources to launch and support a third independent venture.

Companies that are following a strategy would be most likely to try to improve the way in which they sell the same goods or services to the same customers. a. growth b. pioneering c. retrenchment/recovery d. portfolio e. stability

e A stability strategy is defined as focusing on improving the way in which the company sells the same products or services to the same customers.

Which of the following statements about the strategic reference point theory is true? a. The theory does not consider risk factors. b. The theory is deterministic. c. The theory may lead to bureaucratic management. d. This theory recommends that managers do not change strategic reference points. e. None of these statements about the Strategic Reference Point Theory is true.

e A strategic reference point is defined as the strategic targets that managers use to measure whether a firm has developed the core competencies it needs to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. None of these statements are accurate regarding strategic reference points.

Starbucks, the operator of Starbucks coffeehouses, also markets a line of compilation CDs and other non-coffee items. The making and marketing of the CDs and other non-coffee products would be an example of________. a. related differentiation b. related diversification c. an integrated acquisition d. competency acquisition e. unrelated diversification

e Coffee and music are completely unrelated businesses.

While_______are tangible,______are not. a. core capabilities; distinctive competencies b. competitive advantages; differential advantages c. strengths and weaknesses; opportunities and threats d. opportunities and threats; strengths and weaknesses e. distinctive competencies; core capabilities

e Core capabilities are defined as the internal decision-making routines, problem-solving processes, and organizational cultures that determine how efficiently inputs can be turned into outputs. Processes, routines, and cultures are intangible.

Clorox Corporation controls 60 percent of the bleach market. Imagine you are an entrepreneur who was considering developing and marketing a new brand of bleach. Which of Michael Porter's industry forces should you be most concerned about? a. bargaining power of buyers b. threat of substitute products or services c. threat of new entrants d. bargaining power of suppliers e. character of the rivalry

e New entrants in mature industries often face stiff rivalry from established companies.

In 2000, the United States imposed a tax on all steel imports in an effort to protect about 5,000 jobs. This tax is an example of a(n)_______. a. import duty b. voluntary import restraint c. subsidy d. financial boycott e. tariff

e Tariffs are defined as a direct tax on imported goods.

The primary disadvantage of using wholly owned affiliates as the means of entering a foreign market is______. a. dumping b. countertrading c. nontariff barriers d. acculturation e. costs

e The wholly owned affiliate is typically the most expensive form of global market entry.

______is used to assess how well managers and their families are likely to adjust to foreign cultures. a. cultural awareness screening b. sociocultural analysis c. sensitivity screening d. sociocultural diagnostics e. adaptability screening

e This is the definition of adaptability screening.

A ______, also called a SWOT analysis for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses in an organization's internal environment and the opportunities and threats in its external environment. a. market audit b. firm-level strategy c. competitive advantage d. differentiation analysis e. situational analysis

e This is the definition of situational (SWOT) analysis.

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change? a. It supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a focus on quickly measuring and improving results. b. Managers introduce changes in policies, procedures, rules, and regulations only when they will improve measured performance. c. Managers actually test to see if changes make a difference. d. Quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes. e. All of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach.

e. All of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach.

Touchstone Hardware was a popular company that specialized in making floppy disks. At the start of the 21st century, when people began switching to CDs and DVDs to store their information, it was brought to the notice of senior managers that the company needed to switch its focus to the new storage devices. However, managers did not feel it was important to switch. They dismissed CDs and DVDs as just a passing phase. At this point, which stage of organizational decline is the company in?

e. Blinded stage

_____ means that teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and sign-offs to get management approval before making changes

e. Bureaucratic immunity

Which of the following statements regarding cohesiveness is true?

e. Cohesive groups have lower turnover.

____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

e. Creative work environments

The acronym GATT stands for the ____.

e. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Which of the following is a similarity between modular and virtual organizations

e. It can be difficult to control the quality of work done by network partners once work has been outsourced

Maria, the owner of a large multinational company, believes that the different regional centers should not have to run to her for all decisions. She believes that the company can be more efficient if the people closest to the problem have the ability to make the decisions necessary to solve the problems. To implement her beliefs, Maria has delegated power to the regional centers of the company. This is an example of _____

e. decentralization

Organizational development ____. a. assumes that top management support is not necessary for change b. is accurately described by all of these c. requires a steering committee d. takes a short-term approach to change e. is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

e. is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions

The organizational process ____. a. uses vertical and horizontal departmentalization b. limits the adaptivity of an organization c. defines roles not activities d. is a traditional method for establishing organizational structures e. is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

e. is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.

e. knowledge, tools, and techniques

e. low degree of uncertainty avoidance

e. modular organizations

The term _____ can be best defined as the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value

e. organizational process

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____. a. discontinuous change, incremental change, technological discontinuity, and dominant design b. incremental change, discontinuous change, dominant design, and technological discontinuity c. technological discontinuity, incremental change, discontinuous change, and technological continuity d. dominant design, discontinuous change, era of incremental change, and technological discontinuity e. technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change

e. technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change

In the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____. a. traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, self-designing teams, and self-managing teams b. employee involvement teams, traditional work groups, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams c. traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, self-managing teams, semi-autonomous work groups, and self-designing teams d. employer-mandated teams, traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, project teams, and self-managing teams e. traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams

e. traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams

A country or region that has an attractive business climate for companies that want to go global has found an ____.

easy access to growing markets

The benefit of standardization is that we can maximize:

economies of scale

When resistance to change is based on insufficient, incorrect, or misleading information, managers should use as an approach to manage resistance.

education and communication

SMART goals

effective goals must have 5 characteristics: 1. S pecific 2. M easurable 3. A ttainable 4. R ealistic 5. T ime bound

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality dimensions

emotional stability

Carmine Inc. is a software firm that caters to the requirements of its clients. The company follows an employee-friendly workplace culture. Team members can access all vital and confidential data that is normally accessible only by managers. This helps in motivating the teams and keeping them well informed. This scenario illustrates that teamwork increases _____.

employee job satisfaction

One of the benefits of planning is how it ____.

encourages people to work harder for extended periods

When significant improvements in performance can only be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is at the _____.

end of the technology cycle

exporting

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization?

exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly owned affiliates

Which of the following represents the correct sequence for the phase model of globalization?

exporting; cooperative contracts; strategic alliances; wholly-owned affiliates

big five personality dimensions

extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness to experience, emotional stability

One of the disadvantages of project teams is their lack of flexibility

false; one of the advantages of project teams is their flexibility

Xamber Tools, a metal tool manufacturing firm, is facing a threat of organizational decline due to the rising costs of raw materials, decreasing profits and lower market share. To fix these problems, the management decides to cut costs of production to increase efficiency and profit. The cost cut does not help the company, and the company eventually files for bankruptcy. In this scenario, Xamber Tools is most likely in the _____ of organizational decline.

faulty action stage

A ____ for a McDonald's fast-food restaurant would be responsible for placing orders for food and paper supplies and for setting up weekly work schedules.

first-line manager

Glassmaker AFG Industries positions itself as the primary supplier of glass used in microwave doors, shower doors, and patio tables. What type of a positioning strategy does the glass manufacturer use?

focus

Business (Competitive) Level

focus on competing effectively within their market and answers questions like: who are our direct competitors? what are our strengths/weaknesses? what do customers value? emphasizes strategic and tactical planning

Change forces

forces that produce differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time

Change Forces

forces that produce differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

Resistance forces

forces that support the existing conditions in organizations

Resistance Forces

forces that support the existing state of conditions in organizations.

Milestones

formal project review points used to assess progress and performance

milestones

formal project review points used to assess progress and performance

Milestones

formal project review points used to assess progress and performance.

A franchise is a collection of networked firms in which the manufacturer or marketer of a product or service licenses the entire business to another person or organization called the _____.

franchisee

Which of the following types of global organization is most likely to suffer problems associated with being culture bound?

franchising

Global business is defined as____. the buying and selling of goods and services to people

from different countries

product prototype

full-scale working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability

Which of the following types of departmentalization does NOT have a problem with the duplication of resources?

functional

Which of the following is a method used for compensating employees for team participation and accomplishments?

gainsharing

Which of the following is an accepted method for tracking progress toward goal achievement?

gathering and providing performance feedback

generational change

Unfreezing

getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed

The balance between standardization (global consistency) and differentiation (local adaptation) is known as:

glocalization

France has 14 million smokers. More importantly, smokers in France are closely associated with the French culture. So when the French government waged a war against smoking, it set as its ____ to reduce smoking by 30 percent by the end of the decade.

goal

The finance team of a company conducts a meeting to discuss the worthiness of investing its funds in the local share market. Although most of the team members support the idea, one member, Mikhail, feels that the proposed investment is risky as the stock prices of many companies in the market has been erratic. However, Mikhail does not voice his opinion fearing that his dynamics with the team would be affected. The phenomenon that reflects Mikhail's psychology is called _____.

groupthink

A news article on Latin America read, "Mexico is the closest Latin America gets to the US both geographically and culturally" According to Hofstede, this means the Mexican culture____.

has a masculine orientation

The U.S. Sentencing Commission Guidelines impose smaller fines on companies that ____.

have already established a specific type of compliance program

According to Hofstede, when people in a culture are oriented to the present and seek immediate gratification, that culture is described as ____.

having a short-term orientation

Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions

help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.

perceptual distortion

highlighting the positive features of the implicit favorite over the alternative

The evidence clearly shows that ____ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

The evidence clearly shows that __________ is the most important factor in determining the success or failure of an international assignment.

how well an expatriate's spouse and family adjust to the foreign culture

Asa and Ruby both sell insurance. Asa is married, has three children, and a new house. Ruby is single and has recently purchased a new Lexus. According to some industrial psychologists _______.

how well their employer motivates them relates directly to their individual needs

The ____ approach to management focuses on the psychological and social aspects of work.

human relations

Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

innovation

Organizational _____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

innovation

Organizational is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

innovation

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:

innovation streams

The Gantt chart ____.

is a chart that shows when and where tasks need to be completed so that a job can be completed in a timely fashion

The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.

internal motivation

Structured

interview uses only standardized, job related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates

Decentralization

leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

Decentralization ____.

leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees

The _____ focuses on bringing different talents and perspectives together to make the best organizational decisions and to produce innovative, competitive products and services.

learning and effectiveness paradigm

Operational Plans

least complex, focus on small units within organization; plans that translate tactical plans into specific goals and actions for small units of the organization and focus on the near term; under 12 months (related to Functional Level)

Ramin wood, which is used to make pool cues and picture frames, was declared an endangered species and its export is regulated by the government of Indonesia. In spite of attempts to control the sale of the wood, it is still being carried across Indonesia's national borders and sold in Malaysia where government officials pretend the wood was legally acquired. Companies that buy the illegally-acquired wood in Malaysia are ignoring their ____ responsibility to society.

legal

low degree of uncertainty avoidance

The primary advantage of ____ departmentalization is the fact that it allows companies to manage large, complex tasks efficiently by minimizing duplication.

matrix

With ____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses.

matrix

what type of departmentalization has employees report to two bosses

matrix

Freedom

means having autonomy over one's day-to-day work and a sense of ownership and control over one's ideas.

Training

means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance

mechanistic

In a(n) ____ organization, the normal procedure for dealing with any matter lying outside the boundaries of one individual's functional responsibility is to refer it to the point in the system where such responsibility is known to reside, or, failing that, to lay it before one's superior.

mechanistic

Typical responsibilities for ____ include coordinating and linking groups, departments, and divisions within a company

middle managers

Who is responsible for the creation of tactical plans?

middle managers

Connie O'Day is a middle-level manager for the publishers of Free Spirit magazine, a publication targeted to women who are not focused on finding a husband or maintaining a house and garden. She spends much of her day conducting interviews with groups of women to determine what they consider most important in their lives. She also keeps an eye on the sales and content of other women's magazines. Which informational role does O'Day perform?

monitor

Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the ____ stage of team development

norming

Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the ____ stage of team development.

norming

Generational Change

occurs when incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version.

organizational encouragement

occurs when management encourages risk taking and new ideas, supports and fairly evaluates new ideas, rewards and recognizes creativity, and encourages the sharing of new ideas throughout different parts of the company

Organizational Encouragement

organizational innovation

A business school administrator who is determining what classes will be offered in which rooms and who will teach each specific class is involved in which classical management function?

organizing

Geographic departmentalization

organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas

how is functional departmentalization defined?

organizing work into different departments that are responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise

The term ____ refers to the overall organizational strategy that addresses the question "What business or businesses are we in or should we be in?"

orporate-level strategy

Although both Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments and the advent of professional women's sporting leagues have led to dramatic increases in opportunities for women in sports at high school, collegiate, and professional levels, significant discrepancies still exist between men's and women's sports. According to equity theory, female athletes should feel that male athletes are being _____.

overrewarded

A(n) ____ is a written test that estimates employee honesty by directly asking job applicants what they think or feel about theft or about punishment of unethical behaviors.

overt integrity test

Sienna Inc., a software firm, decided to hire a technical expert. The company conducted an aptitude test followed by structured interviews for candidates. David, an African American, did exceptionally well in all the assessments but was rejected. Sienna has been known for discrimination against African Americans in several instances. David filed a case against Sienna on charges of racial discrimination. In the context of affirmative action, the company is most likely required to:

pay attorney's fees and court costs for David.

Historically, most companies have used the ____ to successfully enter foreign markets.

phase model of globalization

organizational development

philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organization's long-term health and performance

A manager engaged in the management function of ____ is determining organizational goals and the means for achieving them.

planning

Nestlé was unsuccessful in early attempts to sell its chocolate in India. It discovered its chocolate bars were not suitable for the Indian markets because the candy had to sit in direct sunlight without benefit of air conditioning and became messy. Nestlé adopted an innovation strategy and developed Chocostick, a liquid chocolate, which is very popular. Solving this problem involved what management function?

planning

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is ____.

planning

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is _____.

planning

Powerful Leaders

provide the vision, discipline, and motivation to keep the innovation process focused, on time, and on target. Powerful leaders are able to get resources when they are needed, are typically more experienced, have high status in the company, and are held directly responsible for the products' success or failure. On average, powerful leaders can get innovation-related projects done nine months faster than leaders with little power or influence.

Which of the following factors helps a company determine the growth potential of a foreign market?

purchasing power

From a legal perspective, the two kinds of sexual harassment are:

quid pro quo and hostile work environment.

A female worker is working late hours at her office. Her manager approaches her on the pretext of inquiring about work updates. He casually turns the conversation into a personal one and starts touching her and making explicit remarks about her body. The female worker reacts furiously and tells the manager that she would take this issue to the human resources department. The manager feels intimidated and threatens her that if she files any complaints, her appraisal will be affected. This case is an example of _____.

quid pro quo sexual harassment

what are the two types of sexual harassment

quid pro quo, and hostile work environment

Russia imposed limits on how much poultry, beef, and pork could be imported into the nation from the European Union (EU) in retaliation to limits the EU placed on how much grain Russia could export. What type of nontariff barrier did Russia use to control the amount of poultry, beef, and port it imported from the EU?

quotas

As Malta got ready for its admittance into the European Union (EU), all taxes on the importation of goods manufactured in Malta were eliminated. Malta was preparing to become part of a(n) ____.

regional trading zone

From a competitive standpoint, ____ means that the strategic actions your company takes can probably be matched by your direct competitors.

resource similarity

In terms of change tools and techniques, the General Electric workout is a special kind of _____.

results-driven change

In an attempt to stop declining profitability, ICI, a British chemical company, deleted petrochemical products from its production and concentrated on specialty chemicals, a less capital-intensive, less cyclical business. What type of a grand strategy was ICI using?

retrenchment

when employees withhold their efforts and fail to perform their duties they are said to be doing this

social loafing

Political uncertainty is the risk associated with:

social unrest.

in order to successful manage innovation streams, companies must excel at managing what

sources of innovation

Various persons or groups with a legitimate interest in a company's actions are called ____.

stakeholders

Like most large U.S. hospitals, University Health Care System spends an enormous amount on patient supplies. The hospital has more than 15,000 individual products that are purchased on a routine basis. Its purchasing manager instituted a hospital-wide purchasing policy that gave a specific code to each individual item. In other words, the purchasing manager engaged in ____.

standardization

____ is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.

standardization

what is the second stage of team development? what characteristics make up this stage?

storming where conflicts/disagreements happen

Corporate Level

strategically plan and large overseer, answers questions like: What industries should the firm be in? What markets should the firm be in? What businesses should we invest money in?

Refreezing

supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick

Departmentalization

subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks

____ are long-term, low-interest loans, cash grants, and tax deductions used to develop and protect companies or special industries.

subsidies

organizational innovation

successful implementation of creative ideas in an organization

Studies of hundreds of technological innovations have shown that nearly all technology cycles follow _____.

the S-curve pattern of innovation

Technological lockout

the inability of a company to competitively sell its products because it relied on old technology or a non-dominant design

what is the so called barrier that prevents woman and minorities to advance to top jobs of an organziation

the glass barrier

Planning for incremental innovation

the goal is to squeeze or compress development time as much as possible, and the general strategy is to create a series of planned steps to accomplish that goal. Planning for incremental innovation helps avoid unnecessary steps and enables developers to sequence steps in the right order to avoid wasted time and delays between steps. Planning also reduces misunderstandings and improves coordination.

Change agent

the person formally in charge of guiding a change effort

Technological discontinuity

the phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function

Change Intervention

the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices

Change intervention

the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices

Refreezing

the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices.

Technological substitution

the purchase of new technologies to replace older ones

Eastman Kodak owns a company that manufactures dental radiation equipment. The company, which is run as an independent unit, has experienced excessive financial losses the last three years. The ____ for the company would be expected to develop the long-term plans needed to make the company profitable.

top manager

unrelated diversification

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth are important to management because they ____.

used motion studies to eliminate unnecessary or repetitive motions from the work process

In the autonomy continuum, the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy is

traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi autonomous work groups, self-managing teams and self designing teams

Autonomy is the degree to which workers have the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs

true

Unlike cognitive conflict, affective conflict:

undermines team performance by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness.

When Red Arc Enterprises, a shipping company, was merged with a larger shipping company, there was a strong resistance to change among the employees of Red Arc. When the CEO of Red Arc got to know of this, he met everyone and explained why the change was necessary and how it could serve to benefit everyone. According to Kurt Lewin, Red Arc is in the _____ stage of managing organizational change.

unfreezing

The 3 steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are:

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

Creative work environments

workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged

Technological Lockout

when a new dominant design (i.e. a significantly better technology) prevents a company from competitively selling its products or makes it difficult to do so.

Technological Discontinuity

when a scientific advance or a unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function; what an innovation stream begins with

Work Group Encouragement

when group members have diverse experience, education, and backgrounds, and the group fosters mutual openness to ideas; positive, constructive challenge to ideas; and shared commitment to ideas.

Companies that can't manage incremental innovation deteriorate slowly as they fall farther behind industry leaders

which of the following statements about managing innovation is true?

Creative Work Environments

workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

Mark Graf, a security specialist at the Rocky Flats nuclear facility outside Denver, became alarmed about the temporary removal of 450 kilograms of plutonium oxide from a vault-like room to a "soft room" protected by drywall that you could punch a hole through. Graf eventually had to take his concerns to the media before the plutonium was stored once again in a safe location. Graf actions can be described as a(n) ____.

whistleblower

Ernst & Young, an international accounting and management consulting company, entered Hungary first by establishing a joint venture with a local firm. Ernst & Young later acquired the company with which it had the alliance. As a result Ernst & Young then had a(n) ____ in Hungary.

wholly owned affiliate

Ford Motor Company owns and operates a $1.9 billion manufacturing plant in Brazil. What method for organizing for global business Ford used in this example?

wholly owned affiliate

ford motor company owns and operates a 1.9 billion manufacturing plant in Brazil. what method for organizing for global business has ford used in this example?

wholly owned affiliate

Jennifer applied for the job of a waitress at Sam's Coffee shop. During the recruitment, the recruiter asked her to make five different types of beverages and wait the tables for an hour. In this scenario, the recruiter conducted a _____.

work sample test

work team

Multifunctional Teams

work teams composed of people from different departments.

Multifunctional teams

work teams composed of people from different departments. Multifunctional teams accelerate learning and understanding by mixing and integrating technical, marketing, and manufacturing activities. By involving all key departments in development from the start, multifunctional teams speed innovation through early identification of problems that would typically not have been identified until much later.

Social loafing occurs when:

workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work.

Vanessa is appointed as the project manager for a project on new product development at Glacier Inc. After selecting employees from different functional areas to work as a team, she conducts a meeting with the new team members so that they can get to know each other. Following a brief interaction session, Vanessa presents the team norms to them. This scenario illustrates that Vanessa's team is in the _____ stage of team development.

forming

In the context of the job characteristics model, _____ is motivation that comes from the job itself rather than from outside rewards such as a raise or praise from the boss.

internal motivation

Stephanie is a receptionist at Violetcoast Corp. Over a period of six months, Stephanie has done a variety of jobs, such as data entry and preparing financial statements, along with her daily work. This scenario is an example of _____.

job rotation

In the context of task interdependence, in _____, different jobs or groups work together in a back-and-forth manner to complete an intraorganizational process.

reciprocal interdependence

Recognizing deep-level diversity is important because it can:

result in less prejudice, discrimination, and conflict in the workplace.

A popular cell phone company is known for its diverse work force. When the company had to make a decision on product positioning in a new market, managers of different ethnic groups had different views due to cultural differences. Such conflicts were common in several decision making situations, which has become a critical issue in the company. In this scenario, _____ should be employed to minimize these differences among the managers.

social integration

The second transfer that occurs with delegation is:

that a manager gives a subordinate full authority over the budget, resources, and personnel needed to do a job.

Experiential (Discontinuous)

•Uncertain environments •Intuition, flexibility •Goal: New product/service

Coercion

using formal power and authority to force others to change.

Which of the following occurs in the adoption stage of organizational development interventions?

Organizational members accept ownership and responsibility for the change, which is then carried out through the entire organization.

Technology Cycle

a cycle that begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

Flow

a psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you're doing and time seems to pass quickly.

General Electric Workout

a three day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems.

Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change?

a. All of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach.- CORRECT b. It supplants the sole emphasis on activity with a focus on quickly measuring and improving results. c. Managers actually test to see if changes make a difference. d. Managers introduce changes in policies, procedures, rules, and regulations only when they will improve measured performance. e. Quick, visible improvements motivate employees to continue to make additional changes.

____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

a. Homogeneous work environments b. Innovative societies c. Empathetic work stations d. Participative work teams e. Creative work environments- CORRECT

The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.

a. creativity reengineering b. technological replacement c. planned shrinkage d. technological discontinuity- CORRECT e. a sustainable competitive advantage

Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

a. deployment b. change c. innovation- CORRECT d. development e. creativity

a. dialectical b. compression- CORRECT c. generational d. milestones e. prototypical

The first stage of organizational decline is:

a. dissolution b. crisis c. blinded- CORRECT d. inaction e. faulty action

Unfreezing

getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed.

Touchstone Hardware was a popular company that specialized in making floppy disks. At the start of the 21st century, when people began switching to CDs and DVDs to store their information, it was brought to the notice of senior managers that the company needed to switch its focus to the production of new storage devices. However, the managers did not feel it was important to make this switch. They dismissed CDs and DVDs as just a passing phase. Which of the following stages of organizational decline best illustrates the current situation of the company?

Blinded stage

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

Coercion

In the context of managing change, _____ support the status quo of an organization

resistance forces

Over the long run, which of the following is the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage?

Creating innovation streams

Which of the following is an aspect of the experiential approach to innovation?

Design iteration

Discontinuous change

He must educate his employees about the need for the change and explain its benefits to them before employing it

Which of the following statements is true about the compression approach to managing innovation?

It aims at consistent improvement of existing designs

In terms of change tools and techniques, which of the following is true of organizational development?

It emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems.

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

a. Resistance to change will not occur when those affected by the change participate in its planning and implementation. b. Resistance to change will not occur when change efforts receive significant managerial support. c. Resistance to change will not occur when employees are educated about the need for change. d. Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable. -CORRECT e. Resistance to change disappears when the organization operates in conditions of certainty.

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

a. Technological adaptation b. Change substitution c. The technological growth stage d. The era of dominant design e. Discontinuous change- CORRECT

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.

a. V-shaped b. bell-shaped c. W-curve d. U-curve e. S-curve- CORRECT

Organizational development ____.

a. assumes that top management support is not necessary for change b. is accurately described by all of these c. takes a short-term approach to change d. requires a steering committee e. is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions- CORRECT

In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ____,

a. at the end of the cycle b. in the maturity stage of the cycle c. at both the beginning and end of the cycle- CORRECT d. throughout the cycle e. early in the cycle

a. at the problem identification stage of the innovation cycle b. at the end of its maturity stage c. at either the beginning or end of the innovation cycle d. at the end of the innovation cycle- CORRECT e. at its breakeven point

Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?

a. change definition b. change mentoring c. organizational dialogue d. unfreezing- CORRECT e. incremental change

A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.

a. change mentor b. change agent- CORRECT c. intrapreneur d. staff moderator e. change ombudsman

Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?

a. coercion- CORRECT b. reinforcement modification c. mentoring d. arbitration e. negotiation

a. corporate synergy b. assembly networking c. organizational innovation- CORRECT d. reverse engineering e. organizational networking

In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____.

a. incremental change, discontinuous change, dominant design, and technological discontinuity b. technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change- CORRECT c. technological discontinuity, incremental change, discontinuous change, and technological continuity d. dominant design, discontinuous change, era of incremental change, and technological discontinuity e. discontinuous change, incremental change, technological discontinuity, and dominant design

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:

a. innovation maps b. innovation streams- CORRECT c. results-driven change d. cyclical inventions e. organization development

A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.

a. internal resource environment b. structure or personnel requirements c. human, technical, and conceptual skills needed d. knowledge, tools, and techniques- CORRECT e. way information is integrated

According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:

a. not removing obstacles to the new vision b. not establishing a great enough sense of urgency- CORRECT c. declaring victory too soon d. not anchoring changes in the corporation's culture e. a poorly designed organizational mission

Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:

a. organization development b. innovation maps c. cyclical inventions d. results-driven change e. innovation streams- CORRECT

If a technological innovation follows the S-curve pattern of innovation, a flat slope at the beginning of the curve indicates that:

an increased effort can bring only small improvements in its performance.

There are eight general steps for organizational development interventions. The third step is _____.

assessment and feedback

Generational Change

change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology.

Design Competition

competition between old and new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design.

Before TREX Mobiles launched its latest smartphone, it built a prototype of the phone and tested its performance repeatedly, improving the model each time. In the context of the experiential approach to innovation, this process is called _____.

design iteration

A particular technology becomes the dominant design because of critical mass, which means that:

it is used by most people.

A technology is most likely to become a dominant design if:

it solves a practical problem.

Resistance to Change

opposition to change resulting from self interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change.

Garrison Motors Inc. developed a creative manufacturing technique that helps improve the efficiency of their production. It allows the company to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. In this scenario, the development of a new technique by Garrison Motors to improve its workflow efficiency is an example of _____.

organizational innovation

Innovation Streams

patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage

Feldman Films is a company associated with photography, and has been in business for the last 30 years. The invention and development of the digital camera forced Feldman Films to start thinking fresh. Feldman Films applied design thinking to strategy and innovation in response to the competitive threat from the digital camera. In this scenario, the development of the digital camera was a _____.

technological discontinuity

technological substitution

Change Agent

the person formally in charge of guiding a change effort

Change Intervention

the process used to get workers and managers to change their behavior and work practices.

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