MGT 341-Ch.4

Mismatches between work and education can include: -lacking ___ employers want -being ____ for a job -being unable to ___ well

skills; overqualified; read

A ____ is an individuals set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group

stereotype

Most common barriers to implementing successful diversity programs: -Inaccurate ____ and prejudices -Ethnocentrism (based on the feeling that our cultural rules and norms are superior to or more appropriate than the rules and norms of other cultures) -Poor ____ planning -A ____ diversity climate -A unsupportive or ____ environment

stereotypes; career; negative; hostile

Ways firms can retain an aging workforce: -Design a ____ and fun work environment -Frequently ____ skills, experience, and wisdom gained over the years -Provide ____ work assignments

stimulating; recognize; challenging

The ____ option in Thomas' framework means that differences are squelched or discouraged

suppress

The ____ option in Thomas' framework involves acknowledging differences but not valuing or accepting them

tolerate

People with disabilities have a higher ____ rate than those without disabilities

unemployment

Affirmative action programs have generated many opportunities for ____ and ____

women; minorities

What are the four steps (in order) in the stereotyping process?

1. categorization 2. inferences 3. expectations 4. maintenance

_____ is an intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past

Affirmative action

The ____ population will have a *mild growth* and rise from 13.1% to 14.7% of the total population in the US by 2060

African American

The ____ population will *grow* from 5.1% to 8.2% of the total population in the US by 2060

Asian

Which generation do these traits describe? Workaholic, idealistic, work ethic, competitive, materialistic, seek personal fulfillment

Baby boomer (1946-1964)

____ compares an individuals behavior with that of his or her peers

Consensus

____ judges whether the individual's performance on a given task is consistent over time

Consistency

____ occurs when employment decisions about an individual are based on reason not associated with performance or related to the job

Discrimination

____ compares a person's behavior on one task with his or her behavior on other tasks

Distinctiveness

____ represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people

Diversity

_____ management focuses on changing an organizations culture and infrastructure such that people work to the highest productivity possible

Diversity

____ influences of diversity are individual differences over which we have more control, such as: -where we live -our religious affiliation -our marital and parental status -our work experience

External

T/F: The percentage of non-Hispanic whites will grow in the US by 2060

False (will drop from 63% to 43%)

Which generation do these traits describe? Multitasking, online life, communicate fast and online

Gen 2020 (2002-now)

Which generation do these traits describe? Self-reliance, work-life balance, adaptable, cynical, distrust authority, independent, technologically savvy

Gen Xers (1965-1979)

The ____ population will *grow* from 17% to 31% of the total population in the US by 2060

Hispanic

____ cognition represents any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness

Implicit

Organizations will suffer if the ____ workforce feels disenfranchised

LGBTQ

Which generation do these traits describe? Entitled, civic minded, close parental involvement cyber literacy, appreciate diversity, multitasking

Millennials (or Gen Y: 1980-2001)

Which generation do these traits describe? Patriotic, loyalty, discipline, conformist, high work ethic, respect for authority

Traditionalist (1925-1945)

An ____ and ____ perspective on diversity recognizes that an organization deals with culturally diverse markets and constituencies

access; legitimacy

Generational differences in the workforce: A. are due to an increasingly younger workforce B. are smaller than ever C. are larger than ever D. should not affect management actions

are larger than ever

The ____ option in Thomas' framework is based on the premise that eventually all people will learn to blend in or become like the dominant group

assimilate

The fundamental ____ bias leads people to disregard environmental influences on behavior

attribution

The premise that people infer causes for observed behavior is the basis of ____ theory

attribution

Managers should remember that ____ biases may lead managers to misinterpret employee behavior and take inappropriate actions

attributional

Implicit cognition results in ____ decisions occurring unwittingly (unintentionally)

biased

The ____ option in Thomas' framework is based on the belief that good relationships can rise above differences

build relationships

Employees' evaluations of leader effectiveness are strongly influenced by their ____ knowledge of what constitutes good and poor leadership

categorical

Stereotypes affect our perception because we use them without intending or even being ____ aware that we are

consciously

Kelly hypothesized that people make casual attributions by observing three dimensions of behavior:

consensus, distinctiveness, consistency

The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities such as age, gender, race, and income over time are ____

demographics

The ____ option in Thomas' framework means people refute that differences exist

deny

The number of race-based _____ cases deemed to have reasonable cause by US EEO commission more than doubled from 1995 to 2015

discrimination

The ways managers can work to reduce stereotyping include: -Creating opportunities for ____ employees to work together as equals -Educating employees about how stereotypes ____ behavior -Encouraging employees to increase their ____ of stereotypes

diverse; influence; awareness

Adopting policies and procedures that meet the needs of all employees encourages more _____ in organizations

diversity

Diversity applies to: A. very few people B. certain groups C. income level only D. everybody

everybody

T/F: The diversity climate is NOT very important within a firm

false

The _____ option in Thomas' framework means people are willing to adapt or change their views for the sake of creating positive relationships. A. isolate B. build relationships C. tolerate D. foster mutual adaptation

foster mutual adaptation

The ____ refers to a very real, yet unseen barrier to high-level advancement for women

glass ceiling

Studies have shown that white Americans will be less than ____ of the population within 50 years

half

The ____/____ option in Thomas' framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels of the firm

include/exclude

LGBTQ employees often suffer deficits in their work engagement and performance because of lack of ____

inclusion

The ____ option in Thomas' framework is based on the action of moving the diverse person off to the side

isolate

Improvements made in women's equality by 2018: -____ positions in schools and government -more seats on boards of ____ -____ educational attainment than men

leadership; directors; higher

Studies have shown that ____ workers do not yet have the job experience to fill roles held by retiring Baby Boomers

millennial

Reasons for managing diversity go beyond its legal, _____, or social dimensions

moral

The idea that older workers are less motivated is a: A. positive stereotype B. racial stereotype C. gender stereotype D. negative stereotype

negative stereotype

Programs to help people come back to their careers after taking a break are known as: A. exit-polling B. on-ramping C. helicoptering D. boomeranging

on-ramping

Studies have shown that firms with at least one woman on the board of directors have ____ companies with no women on the board

outperformed

Perception is influenced by what three key components?

perceiver, target, situation

A cognitive process that enables people to interpret and understand their surroundings is called:

perception

Faulty ____ about good versus poor performance can lead to inaccurate performance appraisals

perceptions

Organizational behavior emphasizes ____ perception rather than object perception

person

Because it signifies a stable set of characteristics responsible for a persons identity, ____ is at the center of the diversity wheel

personality

Most Fortune 500 companies offer workplace ____ based on sexual orientation and gender identity

protections

Affirmative action does not legitimize ____, which are illegal and can be imposed only by judges who conclude that a company has engaged in discriminatory practices

quotas

Organizations cannot legally discriminate on the basis of ____, color, ____, national origin, ____, age, physical and mental disabilities, and pregnancy

race; religion; sex

Ones tendency to take credit for success and deny blame for failure is called: A. self-serving bias B. attribution bias C. stereotyping bias D. cognitive bias

self-serving bias