MGT 341-Ch.4
Mismatches between work and education can include: -lacking ___ employers want -being ____ for a job -being unable to ___ well
skills; overqualified; read
A ____ is an individuals set of beliefs about the characteristics or attributes of a group
stereotype
Most common barriers to implementing successful diversity programs: -Inaccurate ____ and prejudices -Ethnocentrism (based on the feeling that our cultural rules and norms are superior to or more appropriate than the rules and norms of other cultures) -Poor ____ planning -A ____ diversity climate -A unsupportive or ____ environment
stereotypes; career; negative; hostile
Ways firms can retain an aging workforce: -Design a ____ and fun work environment -Frequently ____ skills, experience, and wisdom gained over the years -Provide ____ work assignments
stimulating; recognize; challenging
The ____ option in Thomas' framework means that differences are squelched or discouraged
suppress
The ____ option in Thomas' framework involves acknowledging differences but not valuing or accepting them
tolerate
People with disabilities have a higher ____ rate than those without disabilities
unemployment
Affirmative action programs have generated many opportunities for ____ and ____
women; minorities
What are the four steps (in order) in the stereotyping process?
1. categorization 2. inferences 3. expectations 4. maintenance
_____ is an intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past
Affirmative action
The ____ population will have a *mild growth* and rise from 13.1% to 14.7% of the total population in the US by 2060
African American
The ____ population will *grow* from 5.1% to 8.2% of the total population in the US by 2060
Asian
Which generation do these traits describe? Workaholic, idealistic, work ethic, competitive, materialistic, seek personal fulfillment
Baby boomer (1946-1964)
____ compares an individuals behavior with that of his or her peers
Consensus
____ judges whether the individual's performance on a given task is consistent over time
Consistency
____ occurs when employment decisions about an individual are based on reason not associated with performance or related to the job
Discrimination
____ compares a person's behavior on one task with his or her behavior on other tasks
Distinctiveness
____ represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people
Diversity
_____ management focuses on changing an organizations culture and infrastructure such that people work to the highest productivity possible
Diversity
____ influences of diversity are individual differences over which we have more control, such as: -where we live -our religious affiliation -our marital and parental status -our work experience
External
T/F: The percentage of non-Hispanic whites will grow in the US by 2060
False (will drop from 63% to 43%)
Which generation do these traits describe? Multitasking, online life, communicate fast and online
Gen 2020 (2002-now)
Which generation do these traits describe? Self-reliance, work-life balance, adaptable, cynical, distrust authority, independent, technologically savvy
Gen Xers (1965-1979)
The ____ population will *grow* from 17% to 31% of the total population in the US by 2060
Hispanic
____ cognition represents any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness
Implicit
Organizations will suffer if the ____ workforce feels disenfranchised
LGBTQ
Which generation do these traits describe? Entitled, civic minded, close parental involvement cyber literacy, appreciate diversity, multitasking
Millennials (or Gen Y: 1980-2001)
Which generation do these traits describe? Patriotic, loyalty, discipline, conformist, high work ethic, respect for authority
Traditionalist (1925-1945)
An ____ and ____ perspective on diversity recognizes that an organization deals with culturally diverse markets and constituencies
access; legitimacy
Generational differences in the workforce: A. are due to an increasingly younger workforce B. are smaller than ever C. are larger than ever D. should not affect management actions
are larger than ever
The ____ option in Thomas' framework is based on the premise that eventually all people will learn to blend in or become like the dominant group
assimilate
The fundamental ____ bias leads people to disregard environmental influences on behavior
attribution
The premise that people infer causes for observed behavior is the basis of ____ theory
attribution
Managers should remember that ____ biases may lead managers to misinterpret employee behavior and take inappropriate actions
attributional
Implicit cognition results in ____ decisions occurring unwittingly (unintentionally)
biased
The ____ option in Thomas' framework is based on the belief that good relationships can rise above differences
build relationships
Employees' evaluations of leader effectiveness are strongly influenced by their ____ knowledge of what constitutes good and poor leadership
categorical
Stereotypes affect our perception because we use them without intending or even being ____ aware that we are
consciously
Kelly hypothesized that people make casual attributions by observing three dimensions of behavior:
consensus, distinctiveness, consistency
The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities such as age, gender, race, and income over time are ____
demographics
The ____ option in Thomas' framework means people refute that differences exist
deny
The number of race-based _____ cases deemed to have reasonable cause by US EEO commission more than doubled from 1995 to 2015
discrimination
The ways managers can work to reduce stereotyping include: -Creating opportunities for ____ employees to work together as equals -Educating employees about how stereotypes ____ behavior -Encouraging employees to increase their ____ of stereotypes
diverse; influence; awareness
Adopting policies and procedures that meet the needs of all employees encourages more _____ in organizations
diversity
Diversity applies to: A. very few people B. certain groups C. income level only D. everybody
everybody
T/F: The diversity climate is NOT very important within a firm
false
The _____ option in Thomas' framework means people are willing to adapt or change their views for the sake of creating positive relationships. A. isolate B. build relationships C. tolerate D. foster mutual adaptation
foster mutual adaptation
The ____ refers to a very real, yet unseen barrier to high-level advancement for women
glass ceiling
Studies have shown that white Americans will be less than ____ of the population within 50 years
half
The ____/____ option in Thomas' framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels of the firm
include/exclude
LGBTQ employees often suffer deficits in their work engagement and performance because of lack of ____
inclusion
The ____ option in Thomas' framework is based on the action of moving the diverse person off to the side
isolate
Improvements made in women's equality by 2018: -____ positions in schools and government -more seats on boards of ____ -____ educational attainment than men
leadership; directors; higher
Studies have shown that ____ workers do not yet have the job experience to fill roles held by retiring Baby Boomers
millennial
Reasons for managing diversity go beyond its legal, _____, or social dimensions
moral
The idea that older workers are less motivated is a: A. positive stereotype B. racial stereotype C. gender stereotype D. negative stereotype
negative stereotype
Programs to help people come back to their careers after taking a break are known as: A. exit-polling B. on-ramping C. helicoptering D. boomeranging
on-ramping
Studies have shown that firms with at least one woman on the board of directors have ____ companies with no women on the board
outperformed
Perception is influenced by what three key components?
perceiver, target, situation
A cognitive process that enables people to interpret and understand their surroundings is called:
perception
Faulty ____ about good versus poor performance can lead to inaccurate performance appraisals
perceptions
Organizational behavior emphasizes ____ perception rather than object perception
person
Because it signifies a stable set of characteristics responsible for a persons identity, ____ is at the center of the diversity wheel
personality
Most Fortune 500 companies offer workplace ____ based on sexual orientation and gender identity
protections
Affirmative action does not legitimize ____, which are illegal and can be imposed only by judges who conclude that a company has engaged in discriminatory practices
quotas
Organizations cannot legally discriminate on the basis of ____, color, ____, national origin, ____, age, physical and mental disabilities, and pregnancy
race; religion; sex
Ones tendency to take credit for success and deny blame for failure is called: A. self-serving bias B. attribution bias C. stereotyping bias D. cognitive bias
self-serving bias