MGT 349 EXAM 2

brainstorming

An open, non-evaluative group problem solving technique that produces the greatest number of options.

groupthink

An undesirable group decisional phenomenon that results from within group pressure.

Delphi Technique

Gathering independent judgments through iterative process and combining them into a group decision even though persons are not in a face- to face situation.

group polarization

Tendency of group's position to shift to more extreme options than individuals alone would do

synergy

The greater outcome and quality of decision options resulting from the group process.

The adverse psychological, physical, behavioral, or organizational consequences that may occur as a result of stressful events is known as a. Distress b. The stressor c. The strain response d. Anxiety disorder

a. Distress

The person-environment approach to stress emphasizes the a. Fit between external and internal role expectations b. Belief that effort will lead to performance c. Notion that perception and cognitive evaluations of situations differ and accordingly stress is mostly determined by perception d. Idea that fit between a person's self-image or concept and their ideal generates large stress when there is lack of fit

a. Fit between external and internal role expectations

The approach to stress that is based on the concept of homeostasis is known as a. Physiological b. Psychoanalytic c. Social psychological d. Psychological-cognitive

a. Physiological

Eustress is positive stress a. True b. False

a. True

An organization should do or provide all of the following except ____ if it wants to encourage employee creativity. a. close supervision b. participative decision making c. peer support d. flexible organizational structure

a. close supervision

In nonverbal communication, the study of body movements, including posture, is known as: a. kinesics b. proxemics c. paralanguage d. posturics

a. kinesics

A method to prevent groupthink is to bring in outside experts to evaluate the group process. a. true b. false

a. true

Behavioral based questions are based on the premise that past behavior predicts future behavior. a. true b. false

a. true

Formulating a set of decision rules for making inventory re-ordering decisions is an example of programmed decision making. a. true b. false

a. true

Group polarization results in group members moving from extreme attitudes toward more moderate attitudes. a. true b. false

a. true

Heuristics are shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity. a. true b. false

a. true

Illusions of unanimity is considered to be a symptom of groupthink. a. true b. false

a. true

The Harvard Research on Interviewing showed that college graduates should use impression management techniques. a. true b. false

a. true

An Employee Assistance Program is an organizational approach to stress reduction at the primary prevention level. a. True b. False

b. False- Individual prevention approach to stress relief or reduction

A manager who presses employees for both very fast work and high quality work would likely cause a. Inter-role conflict b. Intra-role conflict c. Person-role conflict d. Role ambiguity

b. Intra-role conflict

Job design, goal setting, and career management would be organizational stress prevention strategies applied at which stage of prevention? a. Escalating b. Primary c. Reduction d. Secondary

b. Primary

The two major categories of 'role stress' at work include a. Role conflict and role overload b. Role conflict and role ambiguity c. Role ambiguity and role overload d. Role overload and ethical conflict

b. Role conflict and role ambiguity

The majority wins rule in group decision making is an example of: a. a group heuristic b. a social decision making scheme c. groupthink d. the nominal group technique

b. a social decision making scheme

The evoking of shared or common meaning in another person is called: a. interpersonal communication b. communication c. a response pattern d. the message

b. communication

The right side of the brain is best used for which type of activity or decision? a. flowchart work processes b. develop visions and strategic plans c. day to day operations d. tax preparations

b. develop visions and strategic plans

Passive-aggressive behavior is a form of defensiveness that begins as subordinate defensiveness and ends up as: a. scapegoating b. dominant defensiveness c. a defensive tactic d. a power play

b. dominant defensiveness

A thank you letter should be sent within 48 hours. a. true b. false

b. false- 24 hours

In the rational model, the decision maker strives to: a. satisfice b. optimize c. select the alternative agreeable to the majority d. apply a heuristic

b. optimize

Seating arrangements and dynamics can be examined in a/an _____ study. a. paralanguage b. proxemics c. kinesics d. attitude

b. proxemics

Time constraints don't prevent managers from using group decision techniques. a. true b.false

b.false

The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests the relationship between stress level and performance arousal is a. U-shaped b. Linear and negative c. Bell-shaped d. Depends on the person

c. Bell-shaped

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a source of stress at work? a. Task demands b. Interpersonal demands c. Psychological demands d. Role demands

c. Psychological demands

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Job redesign

c. Tertiary prevention

Which decision making model is the most realistic in portraying the managerial decision process? a. rational b. garbage can c. bounded rationality d. incremental

c. bounded rationality

Studies have shown that using computer mediated communication tends to result in an increase in: a. depression b. stress c. flaming d. proxemic behavior

c. flaming

The research by Henry Mintzberg regarding intuition and managerial roles suggests that: a. managers rarely use intuition b. in most cases, managers use a systematic step by step approach to decisions c. managers make judgments based on hunches d. intuition has not been shown to be very effective as an antidote to over analysis

c. managers make judgments based on hunches

An effective method to reduce or overcome barriers to communication due to gender differences is to: a. frequently use metaphors b. attempt to use more technical terms with precise meanings c. seek clarification meaning d.use face-to-face communication

c. seek clarification meaning

A personality that tends to be resistant to distress is a. Over-dependent b. Type A in nature c. Couner-dependent d. Hardy

d. Hardy

Self-reliance is a health, secure, ____ pattern of behavior. a. Over-dependent b. Counter-dependent c. Psychologically distant d. Interdependent

d. Interdependent

Which of the following is NOT a mind-body change associated with stress? a. Redirection of blood to brain and large muscle groups b. Increased sensory alertness c. Release of glucose into the bloodstream d. Normal physical fatigue

d. Normal physical fatigue

Polyphasic activity is known as: a. the study of space in nonverbal communication b. the study of seating arrangements c. limiting your activity to only one at a time d. doing more than one thing at a time

d. doing more than one thing at a time

. Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations for the escalation of commitment? a. cognitive dissonance theory b. optimism c. illusion of control d. high or low self-monitoring

d. high or low self-monitoring

One way communication in contrast to the two way communication: a. is especially more accurate for complex tasks b. solicits interaction c. allows for reflective listening d. is faster

d. is faster

Providing the time to identify and isolate the listener's personal responses and exclude them from the dialogue is one of the purposes of: a. paraphrasing expressed thoughts and feelings b. clarifying implicit thoughts and feelings c. reflecting core feelings d. silence

d. silence