MGT 448 Final

In a survey conducted by IBM and Industry Week magazine, _____ percent of respondents identified collaborating with customers and suppliers as having the most significant impact on product development time-to-market. a. 40 b. 80 c. 20 d. 60

a. 40

Six Sigma is based on a methodology referred to as ______, which provides a structured way for organizations to approach and solve problems. a. DMAIC b. EIS c. data warehousing d. benchmarking

a. DMAIC

The type of change which will have direct impact on the administrative domain in an organization is called ______ change. a. strategy and structure b. people c. product and service d. technology

a. strategy and structure

_____ develop to reflect the common problems, goals, and experiences that members of a team, department, other unit share. a. subcultures b. learning organization c. ethical committees d. ethics hotlines

a. subcultures

Organizations can be conceptualized as having two cores: a ______ and a ______. a. technical core; management core b. adaptable core; technical core c. innovative core; management core d. management core; flexible core

a. technical core; management core

Stories in an organization which are used to perpetuate culture are based on: a. true events b. unsubstantiated rumors c. nothing in fact, but on the ideals of the organization d. anything that reeks of symbolism

a. true events

Culture exists at two levels called: a. underlying values and visible artifacts b. social and psychological c. sub- and super- structure d. people and structure

a. underlying values and visible artifacts

When it comes to new product success rate, only ______ percent of all projects originally undertaken achieved economic success. a. 3 b. 14 c. 60 d. 30

b. 14

The mission culture places major emphasis on: a. the external environment through flexibility and change to meet customer needs b. a shared vision of organization purpose c. the internal environment and a consistency orientation for a stable environment d. the involvement and participation of the organizations members

b. a shared vision of organization purpose

The _______ culture is characterized by strategic focus on the external environment through flexibility and change to meet customer needs. a. clan b. adaptability c. mission d. bureaucratic

b. adaptability

The _____ culture has an internal focus and a consistency orientation for a stable environment. a. traditional b. bureaucratic c. clan d. organic

b. bureaucratic

______ refers to the high-tech analysis of a company's data in order to make better strategic decisions. a. transaction processing b. business intelligence c. data mining d. data warehousing

b. business intelligence

Which of the following is not a barrier to change? a. fear of loss b. certainty avoidance c. failure to perceive benefits d. excessive focus on costs

b. certainty avoidance

Which of the following is not given as an essential element for successful change? a. need b. competition c. resources d. adoption

b. competition

The four strategic types of change highlighted in our text include which of the following categories? a. development of interorganizational relationships b. culture c. changing domain d. installation of teams

b. culture

____ is the set of values, norms, guiding beliefs, and understandings that is shared by members of an organization and taught to new members as the correct way to think, feel and behave. a. ethics b. culture c. rule of law d. stories

b. culture

Which of the following types of change refers to changes in the values, attitudes, expectations, beliefs, abilities, and behavior of employees? a. structural change b. culture change c. organizational change d. incremental change

b. culture change

______ measure such things as how customers view the organization, as well as customer retention and satisfaction. a. financial indicators b. customer service indicators c. retention indicators d. business process indicators

b. customer service indicators

Codified knowledge management includes: a. a strong "feel" for the corporate culture. b. development of an electronic document system that codifies, stores, disseminates, and allows reuse of knowledge. c. channeling individual expertise to provide creative advice on problem solving. d. investing time at meetings in the sharing of stories and learning of histories.

b. development of an electronic document system that codifies, stores, disseminates, and allows reuse of knowledge

The relationship of environment and strategy to corporate culture is plotted in out text on a matrix that has the following two dimensions: a. 1. human focus: open vs. closed; 2. task focus: strategic vs. operative b. 1. strategic focus: prospector vs. defender; 2. needs of the environment: simple vs. complex c. 1. strategic focus: internal vs. external; 2. needs of the environment: flexible vs. stable d. 1. human focus: flexible vs. stable; 2. task focus: internal vs. environmental

c. 1. strategic focus: internal vs. external; 2. needs of the environment: flexible vs. stable

_____ provides a visual representation of the key drivers of an organization's success and shows how specific outcomes in each area are linked. a. enterprise resource planning b. a feedback control model c. a strategy map d. a customer relationship management model

c. a strategy map

The process of continually measuring products, services, and practices against tough competitors or other organizations recognized as industry leaders is referred to as... a. six sigma b. balanced scorecard c. benchmarking d. ERP

c. benchmarking

In the horizontal coordination model, the _____ component means that each department involved with new products has excellent linkage with relevant sectors in the external environment. a. specialization b. coordination c. boundary spanning d. horizontal coordination

c. boundary spanning

Which of the following is not a management control system? a. quality control system b. statistical reports c. discipline policies d. reward system

c. discipline policies

CDs all but wiped out the phonograph industry, and now Apple's iPod and streaming music from companies such as Europe's Spotify are threatening the same fate for CDs. Netflix's approach to delivering movies through the mail and via streaming was a change for Blockbuster, which ultimately filed for bankruptcy. These are all examples of ______ change. a. continuous b. annual c. disruptive d. episodic

c. disruptive

Organizational barriers to change include all of the following except: a. coordination for change implementation b. fear of loss c. excessive focus on costs d. uncertainty avoidance

c. excessive focus on costs

Which of the following is a software program that presents key business information in graphical, easy-to-interpret form and alerts managers to any deviations of unusual patterns in the data? a. executive information system b. information reporting system c. executive dashboard d. transaction processing system

c. executive dashboard

____ refers to how the organization meets goals and deals with outsiders. a. culture strength b. internal integration c. external adaptation d. internal adaptation

c. external adaptation

_____ is typically concerned with well-defined problems about operational issues and past events. a. middle-management b. employees c. first-line management d. top management

c. first-line management

Which of the following provides mid-level managers with reports that summarize data and support day-to-day decision making? a. decision support systems b. executive information systems c. information reporting systems d. feedback control systems

c. information reporting systems

____ means that members develop a collective identity and know how to work together effectively. a. external adaptation b. cultural identity c. internal integration d. socialization

c. internal integration

The impact of information technology on organization design includes: a. larger size b. technology is a substitute for professional staff, thereby decreasing the need for them c. more decentralized organization structures d. decreases levels of employee participation

c. more decentralized organization structures

_____ focuses on the human and social aspects of the organization as a way to improve the organization's ability to adapt and solve problems a. organizational change b. change process c. organization development d. organizational innovation

c. organization development

It has been found that new products will be more successful if: a. a company pays more attention to production than to marketing so quality can improve b. those without much authority or seniority become product champions c. outside technology is used d. most work is done by subcontractors

c. outside technology is used

Which of the following is not an environmental demand for change as described by the text? a. disruptive b. continuous c. periodic d. episodic

c. periodic

ABC Credit Union began offering a "Sweep Account," in which funds over $500 in a checking account would be "swept" into a money-market, interest-bearing, account until the checking account reached $100, at which point, funds from the money market account would be "swept" back into the checking account. This is an example of a _______ change. a. technological b. strategy and structure c. product or service d. people

c. product or service

Which of the following is not a step of simplified feedback control model? a. establish standards of performance b. measure actual performance and compare to standards c. set organizational mission and vision d. take corrective action as needed

c. set organizational mission and vision

An important aspect of integrated enterprise is: a. networking b. the intranet c. supply chain management d. six sigma

c. supply chain management

______ means an organization creates and organic structure when such a structure is needed for the initiation of new ideas. a. culture change b. dual-core approach c. switching structures d. ambidextrous approach

c. switching structures

____ are changes in an organization's production process that enable distinctive competence. a. incremental changes b. structural changes c. technology changes d. environmental changes

c. technology changes

Ron recently had an interview at XYZ Clothing Company. As he was touring the organization, he noticed that employees were dressed in flip flops and shorts and that none of the offices had doors. Ron witness the _____ level of corporate culture a. symbolic b. under lying c. visible d. shared

c. visible

_____ is typically based on software that can convert large amounts of complex data into pertinent information and provide that information to top managers in a timely fashion. a. information reporting system b. DSS c. TPS d. EIS

d. EIS

Most internet-based companies use the ______ type of culture, as do many companies in the marketing, electronics, and cosmetics industries. a. mission b. bureaucratic c. clan d. adaptability

d. adaptability

What is the highest level of application of use of information technology? a. internal control for profitability b. networking c. external application for new business forms d. adding strategic value

d. adding strategic value

Nordstrom's upside-down organization chart is an example of ______ being used to convey organizational culture to all employees. a. a myth b. language c. a story d. an organization structure

d. an organization structure

The ______ helps managers focus on the key strategic measures that define the success of a particular organization over time and communicate them clearly through the organization. a. networking b. data warehousing c. EDI d. balanced scorecard

d. balanced scorecard

_____ control is based on manager observation of employee actions to see whether the individual follows desired procedures and performs task as instructed. a. knowledge b. financial c. outcome d. behavior

d. behavior

________ knowledge is formal, systematic knowledge that can be articulated, written down, and passed on to others in documents, rules, or general instructions. a. tacit b. expert c. resource d. codified

d. codified

The use of huge databases that combine all of a company's data and allow users to access the data directly, create reports, and obtain responses to what-if questions is referred to as: a. transaction processing systems b. data mining c. data processing d. data warehousing

d. data warehousing

Which of the following is and interactive information system that is designed to help managers at all levels make decisions through integrated databases in which a series of "what if" questions can be posed? a. transaction processing system b. management information systems c. enterprise resource planning d. decision support system

d. decision support system

The point of the ____ is that many organizations must adopt frequent administrative changes and need to be structured differently from organizations that rely on frequent technical and product changes for competitive advantages. a. ambidextrous approach b. switching structure c. horizontal coordination model d. dual-core approach

d. dual-core approach

A(n) _____ arises in a situation concerning right and wrong where values are in conflict. a. social responsibility issue c. legal issue c. culture problem d. ethical dilemma

d. ethical dilemma

All of the following are visible artifacts of culture except: a. slogans b. behaviors c. ceremonies d. feelings

d. feelings

A leader who _____ would thrive in a clan culture. a. can change culture b. embodies values c. creates values for social responsibility d. integrates people into action and responsibility through participation

d. integrates people into action and responsibility through participation

____ are principles that guide the decisions and behaviors of mangers with regard to whether they are right or wrong in a moral sense. a. codes of ethics b. social responsibility c. organization culture d. managerial ethics

d. managerial ethics

Which of the following is an example of the rite of integration in corporate culture? a. organization development activities b. awards given to employee-of-the-month c. unpaid three week orientation and training for prospective (new) employees d. office Valentine's Day party

d. office Valentine's Day party

with a modular structure, most activities are: a. performed by in-house professionals b. simplified c. eliminated d. outsourced

d. outsourced

Which of the following is not a perspective of the balanced scorecard? a. financial performance b. employee performance c. customer service d. quality control

d. quality control

______ specify standards for employee participation, teamwork, and problem solving. a. reward systems b. budgets c. statistical reports d. quality control systems

d. quality control systems

Organizational development often entails large group intervention that involves: a. attempts to bring new emphasis to total quality management b. teaching hourly and salaried workers how to participate in strategic planning c. electronic data interchange for the organization as a whole d. radical or transformational change in organizations

d. radical or transformational change in organizations

______ is a highly ambitious quality standard that specifies a goal of no more than 3.4 defects per million parts. a. balanced scorecard b. knowledge management c. benchmarking d. six sigma

d. six sigma

A ____ is a separate, small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business. a. idea incubator b. idea champion c. new-venture fund d. skunkworks

d. skunkworks

When an organization development consult brings together a group to discuss and solve problems, goals, decision making, or communication, the intervention technique is called: a. culture management b. technical training c. survey-feedback d. team building

d. team building

It has been found that a learning organization has a strong organizational culture characterized by which of the following value(s)? a. all of these b. life-time employment for workers at entry level (unless a work rule is violated) c. external strategic focus with continual thoughts of what others are doing that's right d. the whole is more important than the part, and boundaries between parts are minimized

d. the whole is more important than the part, and boundaries between parts are minimized

Clothing retailer Zara gets new styles into stores twice a week. Russel Stover got a line of low-carb candies, called Net Carb, on store shelves within three months after perfecting the recipe, rather than the typical twelve months. These are examples of ______ competition. a. convenience-based b. location-based c. cost-based d. time-based

d. time-based

The initial applications of information technology by organizations were in the area of: a. management information systems b. enterprise resource planning c. decision support systems d. transaction processing systems

d. transaction processing systems

The systems that automate the organization's routine, day-to-day business transactions such as data from sales or purchases from suppliers are called: a. decision support systems b. inventory control systems c. automated analysis systems d. transaction processing systems

d. transaction processing systems

A relationship between a leader and followers that is based on shared, strongly internalized values that are advocated and acted upon by the leader is referred to as: a. mission culture b. servant leadership c. clan culture d. values-based leadership

d. values-based leadership

Which of the following is (are) manifestation(s) of corporate culture? a. all of these b. stories c. ceremonies d. symbols

a. all of these

The _____ is a comprehensive management control system that balances traditional financial measures with operational measures relating to a company's critical success factors. a. balanced scorecard b. benchmarking c. management control system d. six sigma

a. balance scorecard

The ______ shows a firm's financial position with respect to assets and liabilities at a specific point in time. a. balance sheet b. income statement c. profit and loss statement d. budget

a. balance sheet

Do people get to work on time? Do they stay focused on their tasks or spend a lot of time socializing with colleagues? Do they dress appropriately for the job? These are questions that a manager interested in _______ control would ask. a. behavior b. information c. outcome d. financial

a. behavior

________ focus on production and operating statistics, such as order fulfillment or cost per order. a. business process indicators b. employee performance c. financial indicators d. customer service indicators

a. business process indicators

Today it should be recognized that: a. change is dramatic and constant b. organizational change should occur incrementally c. "if it ain't broke, don't fix it" is a rule of management d. stability is the environmental norm

a. change is dramatic and constant

____ is an extension of the idea of managerial ethics and refers to management's obligation to make choices and take action so that the organization contributes to the welfare and interest of all organizational stakeholders. a. corporate social responsibility b. values-based leadership c. external adaptation d. culture strength

a. corporate social responsibility

______ is the generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities. a. creativity b. change c. brainstorming d. skunkworks

a. creativity

The degree of agreement among members of an organization about the importance of specific values is referred to as: a. culture strength b. adaptability c. internal integration d. social responsibility

a. culture strength

______ software uses sophisticated decision-making processes to search raw data for patterns and relationships that may be significant. a. data mining b. decision support system c. analytical d. data warehousing

a. data mining

Which of the following is not true regarding managers in non-constructive cultures? a. managers care deeply about stakeholders b. managers are comfortable with the status quo c. managers care mainly about themselves d. managers tend to be isolated and bureaucratic

a. managers care deeply about stakeholders

At Anheuser-Busch InBev, professionalism, ambition, and aggressiveness are key values. Managers keep employees focused on achieving high sales and profit level, and those who meet the demanding goals are handsomely rewarded. Bonuses and promotions are based on performance, not seniority. Anheuser-Busch InBev embodies a ______ culture. a. mission b. bureaucratic c. clan d. adaptability

a. mission

The evolution of organizational applications of information technology move from first-line to the top as follows: a. operations, decision making and control, and adding strategic value b. workflow redesign, transaction processing systems, design support systems c. business resource, networking, transaction processing systems d. management information systems, business resource and operations

a. operations, decision making and control, and adding strategic value

______ is based on monitoring and rewarding results, and managers might pay little attention to how those results are obtained. a. outcome control b. feedback control c. management control d. behavior control

a. outcome control

A _____ measures and reports the ethical, social, and environmental impact of a company's operations. a. social audit b. whistle-blower c. rule of law d. shared value

a. social audit

All of the following were concluded in the study called Project SAPPHO except: a. successful innovating companies had a much better understanding of customer needs and paid much more attention to marketing b. employees had little say in the way production processes were developed and in decision making c. top management support in the successful innovating companies was from people who were more senior and had greater authority d. successful innovating companies made more effective use of outside technology and outside advice, even though they did more work in-house

b. employees had little say in the way production processes were developed and in decision making

When behavior is governed by a set of moral principles and values, it is called: a. a mission environment b. ethics c. none of these d. the rule of law

b. ethics

All of the following are basic strategies for setting up an Internet operation except: a. spin-off companies b. franchising c. strategic partnership d. in-house divisions

b. franchising

Most managers are shifting away from bureaucratic cultures because of a need for: a. reducing employee participation b. greater flexibility c. easier communication channels d. better decision making techniques

b. greater flexibility

Coming up with a new way of doing things is the _____ step of the change process. a. need b. idea c. adoption d. resources

b. idea

_____ occurs when organization members actually use a new idea, technique, or behavior. a. formulation b. implementation c. coordination d. evaluation

b. implementation

_____ is the efforts to systematically find, organize, and make available a company's intellectual capital and to foster a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing so that organizational activities build on what is already known. a. benchmarking b. knowledge management c. ERP d. six sigma

b. knowledge management

Which of the following is not a force for culture change? a. diversity b. large group intervention c. reengineering and horizontal organizing d. the learning organization

b. large group intervention

The four strategic types of change highlighted in our text include all of the following categories except: a. products and services b. life cycle maturation c. technology d. strategy and structure

b. life cycle maturation

_____ are defined as the formal routines, reports, and procedures that use information to maintain or alter patterns in organization activities. a. MIS b. Management control systems c. TPS d. DSS

b. management control systems

A(n) _______ system is a computer-based system that provides information and support for managerial decision making. It is supported by the organization's transaction processing system and by organizational and external databases. a. decision support b. management information c. executive information d. feedback control

b. management information

What type of culture exists in a stable environment with an external strategic focus? a. adaptability b. mission c. bureaucratic d. clan

b. mission

Organizational culture: a. generates commitment to improving market share b. provides members with a sense of identity c. is usually written d. all of these

b. provides members with a sense of identity

The ______ arises from a set of codified principles and regulations that describe how people are required to act, are generally accepted in society, and are enforceable in the courts. a. code of ethics b. rule of law c. core values d. managerial ethics

b. rule of law

_____ refers to the quality of interactions among people and whether they share a common perspective. a. social audit b. social capital c. clan culture d. culture

b. social capital

Key components of organization design contributing to successful new product innovation are: a. dual-core processes, top-management support, and incremental change b. specialization, boundary spanning, and horizontal coordination c. specialization, formalization, and standardization d. formalization, hierarchy, and organic stucture

b. specialization, boundary spanning, and horizontal coordination

The ambidextrous approach refers to: a. not letting the "left hand" (one department) know what the "right hand" (another department) is doing. b. using different structures and management processes for creation and for implementation c. introducing parts of a new procedure while maintaining parts of the old procedure d. using highly skilled employees to implement a change

b. using different structures and management processes for creation and implementation