Patho Week 2 quiz

Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)

In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with

ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).

Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?

Absent peripheral pulses

A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is

Bence Jones proteins in the urine.

Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?

CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)

What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?

CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.

The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is

IgE

Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?

Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?

Purpura

The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by which equation?

Q = P/R

What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved?

Resistance increases by a factor of 16.

Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?

Systemic lupus erythematosus

The anemia resulting from a deficiency of either vitamin B12 (cobalamin) or folate is caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of the blast cells in the bone marrow that produces very large abnormal bone marrow cells called megaloblasts. True or False

True

The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII. True or False

True

The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor. True or False

True

Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord.

True

Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?

The vena cava

Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?

Thrombocytopenia

While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is

activity restriction.

A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is

aspirin.

When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow

decreases.

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)

deficient immune response.

Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they

develop recurrent infections.

Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called

disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is

elevated total iron-binding capacity.

The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is

erythropoietin administration.

The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of

extrinsic pathway.

Treatment for hemophilia A includes

factor VIII replacement.

The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in

fibrinolysis.

Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of

glucose.

Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they

have no cytoplasmic organelles.

Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure.

increases capillary hydrostatic

The major cause of death from leukemic disease is

infection.

The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is

infection.

A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs

platelet adhesion to injured tissue.

The megakaryocyte is a precursor to

platelets

The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to

prevent further clot formation.

A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is

pulmonary embolus.

Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by

recipient antibodies.

The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of

resistance.

The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is

selective IgA.

Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with

Epstein-Barr virus.

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions. True or False

False

Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia. True or False

False

Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?

HIV/AIDS

Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins.

HLA or MHC

Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?

Hemolytic anemia

A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.

III

The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type

IV

The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.

19.4

A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.

4 and 7

What is necessary for red blood cell production?

Iron

A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?

Iron deficiency

Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?

Jaundice

Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?

Liver

Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?

Myeloma

Which causes vasoconstriction?

Norepinephrine

Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?

Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising

What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?

Pancytopenia

The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called

bcr-abl.

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as

bicarbonate ion.

Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum

bilirubin

Velocity of blood flow is measured in

centimeters per second.

A cause of thrombocytopenia includes

chemotherapy.

The final step in clot formation is

clot retraction.

Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries

have the largest total cross-sectional area.

A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with

hemophilia.

An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is

histamine

When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called

hyperemia.

Risk factors for atherosclerosis include

hyperlipidemia

Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves

impaired muscle function.

The effects of histamine release include

increased vascular permeability.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to

inhibit clotting factor consumption.

Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include

intermittent claudication.

Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of

intrinsic factor.

The cause of the most common form of anemia is

iron deficiency.

The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the

kidney.

Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because

massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation

A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is

mast cells.

The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is

measured to improve oxygenation.

Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both

microcytic.

A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is

myeloma.

RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus.

negative; negative; positive

The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the

oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.

An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with

shift to the left.

Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which

stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.

A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with

telangiectasia.

Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by

the autonomic nervous system.

The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of

the intrinsic pathway.

Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by

tissue thromboplastin.

Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease. True or False

true

Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling

vascular resistance.

Peripheral edema is a result of

venous thrombosis.

A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing

vitamin K deficiency bleeding.

A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of

vitamin K deficiency.