Patho Week 2 quiz
Which type of leukemia primarily affects children?
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
In general, the best prognosis for long-term disease-free survival occurs with
ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia).
Which clinical finding is indicative of compartment syndrome?
Absent peripheral pulses
A diagnostic laboratory finding in myeloma is
Bence Jones proteins in the urine.
Which form of leukemia demonstrates the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome?
CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?
CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.
The principle Ig mediator of type I hypersensitivity reactions is
IgE
Which condition enhances lymphatic flow?
Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure
Which is not a manifestation of acute arterial obstruction?
Purpura
The relationship of blood flow (Q), resistance (R), and pressure (P) in a vessel can be expressed by which equation?
Q = P/R
What is the effect on resistance if the radius of a vessel is halved?
Resistance increases by a factor of 16.
Which disorder is associated with a type III hypersensitivity mechanism of injury?
Systemic lupus erythematosus
The anemia resulting from a deficiency of either vitamin B12 (cobalamin) or folate is caused by a disruption in DNA synthesis of the blast cells in the bone marrow that produces very large abnormal bone marrow cells called megaloblasts. True or False
True
The liver is responsible for the synthesis of coagulation factors, with the exception of part of VIII. True or False
True
The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor. True or False
True
Two of the most serious oncology emergencies associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma are obstruction of the superior vena cava and compression of the spinal cord.
True
Which vessel normally demonstrates the most rapid blood flow?
The vena cava
Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation?
Thrombocytopenia
While in the hospital for management of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), a patient develops severe thrombocytopenia. The most appropriate action for this condition is
activity restriction.
A commonly ingested substance associated with prolongation of the bleeding time is
aspirin.
When systemic vascular resistance is decreased, blood flow
decreases.
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome is an example of a(n)
deficient immune response.
Patients with immunodeficiency disorders are usually first identified because they
develop recurrent infections.
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
A laboratory test finding helpful in confirming the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia is
elevated total iron-binding capacity.
The most effective therapy for anemia associated with kidney failure is
erythropoietin administration.
The prothrombin time (PT) and INR (international normalized ratio) measure the integrity of
extrinsic pathway.
Treatment for hemophilia A includes
factor VIII replacement.
The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in
fibrinolysis.
Patients who experience anemic episodes when exposed to certain drugs most likely have
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Red blood cells obtain nearly all their energy from metabolism of
glucose.
Red blood cells differ from other cell types in the body, because they
have no cytoplasmic organelles.
Venous obstruction leads to edema because it ________ pressure.
increases capillary hydrostatic
The major cause of death from leukemic disease is
infection.
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is
infection.
A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs
platelet adhesion to injured tissue.
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to
platelets
The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to
prevent further clot formation.
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is
pulmonary embolus.
Transfusion reactions involve RBC destruction caused by
recipient antibodies.
The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of
resistance.
The most common primary immune deficiency that affects only B cells is
selective IgA.
Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with
Epstein-Barr virus.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is most involved in type II hypersensitivity reactions. True or False
False
Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age in patients with sickle cell anemia. True or False
False
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
Certain autoimmune diseases are associated with the presence of specific proteins on a person's cells. These proteins are called ________ proteins.
HLA or MHC
Which condition is associated with an elevated reticulocyte count?
Hemolytic anemia
A child with a history of recent strep throat infection develops glomerulonephritis. This is most likely a type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.
III
The hypersensitivity reaction that does not involve antibody production is type
IV
The arterial oxygen content (CaO2) for a patient with PaO2 100 mm Hg, SaO2 95%, and hemoglobin 15 g/dL is _____ mL oxygen/dL.
19.4
A patient presents to the physician's office with pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The patient is most likely between the ages of _____ years.
4 and 7
What is necessary for red blood cell production?
Iron
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency
Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?
Jaundice
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency?
Liver
Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?
Myeloma
Which causes vasoconstriction?
Norepinephrine
Which group of clinical findings describes the typical presentation of ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)?
Pain in long bones, infection, fever, bruising
What laboratory finding is usually found in aplastic anemia?
Pancytopenia
The Philadelphia chromosome is a balanced chromosome translocation that forms a new gene called
bcr-abl.
Most carbon dioxide is transported in the bloodstream as
bicarbonate ion.
Excessive red cell lysis can be detected by measuring the serum
bilirubin
Velocity of blood flow is measured in
centimeters per second.
A cause of thrombocytopenia includes
chemotherapy.
The final step in clot formation is
clot retraction.
Blood flow is slow through capillaries because capillaries
have the largest total cross-sectional area.
A 3-year-old boy who exhibits prolonged bleeding after minor trauma and a prolonged aPTT, but a normal platelet count, is likely to be diagnosed with
hemophilia.
An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is
histamine
When a patient is struck in the eye by a baseball, the result is redness and swelling. This increase in blood flow to a localized area is called
hyperemia.
Risk factors for atherosclerosis include
hyperlipidemia
Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves
impaired muscle function.
The effects of histamine release include
increased vascular permeability.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to
inhibit clotting factor consumption.
Clinical manifestations of chronic arterial obstruction include
intermittent claudication.
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of
intrinsic factor.
The cause of the most common form of anemia is
iron deficiency.
The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the
kidney.
Dramatic hypotension sometimes accompanies type I hypersensitivity reactions, because
massive histamine release from mast cells leads to vasodilation
A primary effector cell of the type I hypersensitivity response is
mast cells.
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is
measured to improve oxygenation.
Thalassemia may be confused with iron-deficiency anemia, because they are both
microcytic.
A 58-year-old woman is seen in the clinic for reports of severe back pain. Her chest x-ray demonstrates generalized bone demineralization and compression fracture. Blood studies demonstrate elevated calcium levels. The most likely diagnosis is
myeloma.
RhoGAM (an Rh antibody) would be appropriate in an Rh-_____ woman with an _____ Rh-_____ antibody titer carrying an Rh-_____ fetus.
negative; negative; positive
The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the
oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.
An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with
shift to the left.
Autologous stem cell transplantation is a procedure in which
stem cells are harvested from the patient and then returned to the same patient.
A patient is diagnosed with a tortuous blood vessel of the right hand that bleeds spontaneously. This patient presents with
telangiectasia.
Blood flow throughout the periphery is regulated by
the autonomic nervous system.
The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is a measure of the integrity of
the intrinsic pathway.
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by
tissue thromboplastin.
Hemophilia B is also known as Christmas disease. True or False
true
Tissues are able to autoregulate their rate of blood flow by controlling
vascular resistance.
Peripheral edema is a result of
venous thrombosis.
A newborn has melena, bleeding from the umbilicus, and hematuria. The newborn most likely experiencing
vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
A normal bleeding time in association with normal platelet count, and increased prothrombin time (PT) and INR, is indicative of
vitamin K deficiency.