mgt
what term describes the major targets or end result that relates to long-term survival value and growth of the organization
strategic goals
when evaluating alternatives in decision-making, what goal-related questions should managers consider when deciding among alternatives?
which alternatives can be implemented at the lowest cost or highest paid? how does the solution relate to the defined goal? which alternatives are most acceptable?
for years, the Atlantic tool company
functional to a divisional
which of the following is true of operational planning
it identifies specific plans and procedures
which statement about managerial decisions is true?
managers often avoid taking action on making decisions
the difficulty and pressure faced by managers in making decisions is driven by which three factors
complexity of the problem level of uncertainty degree of risk
what are two shortcomings of the functional form
conflicts can arise between functions employees care more about their own function than about the company
when creating scenarios of possible future states it is helpful to have______ plans associated with each scenario
contingency
the simplest and most flexible approach to coordination which involves having interdependent parties talk to one another is
coordination by mutual adjustments
integration is achieved through structural mechanisms that enhance which of these
coordination collaboration
when decision makers focus more attention on short-term costs and benefits than long-term costs and benefits they are demonstrating a psychological of
discounting the future
in terms of organizational structure ______refers to joining together differentiate units so that work is coordinated into an overall product
division of labor
a decision bias influenced by the way a problem or decision alternative is phrased or presented is known as a(n) _____ effect in decision-making terminology
framing
refers to how the phrasing of a problem or decision Alternatives can be more influential than objective facts
framing effect
which steps of the planning process comes right before the implementation of the plan
goal and plan selection
Mason has considered all possible consequences of his options. Which action describes the behavior Mason would use to maximize his decision?
he would choose the option with the greatest positive consequences and fewest negative consequences
rank the stages of decision making in order
identify and diagnose the problem generate alternative solutions evaluate alternatives make the choice implement the decision evaluate the decision
which is the planning step where the plan is executed by taking action
implementation
ensuring the decision turn into or translate into actions and changes is part of the ____ steps in the decision-making process
implementing
which are typical strategic goals
increasing market share increasing productivity company growth
which statements regarding delegation are true
it helps subordinates develop it allows managers to focus on other tasks it empowers subordinates
the optimal span of control should be wider when which of the following factors are present
jobs are similar the work is clearly defined the managers is highly capable and supportive
Authority is best defined as the
legitimate right to make decisions and tell people what to do
what units deal directly with organizations primarily goods and services by making things selling things or providing customer service
line department
why do conflicts often arise between line and staff departments
line managers might be more willing to take risks and sake of growth where staff managers might focus more on protecting the company success and staff unit depend on a particular job expertise where success in a line unit is based more on knowing the organization industry
what is the focus of tactical plans
major actions a unit must take to fulfill a strategic plan
the fourth step in decision-making after all the possible consequences of the options have been evaluated, is to
make the choice
why do managers want to minimize risk in decision making?
making a wrong decision could lose the company money
the three levels of planning coordinate with the levels of
management
the framing effect can have a disastrous effect on decision making when
managers believe a current problem is similar to one they already experienced, so they don't look for alternatives
As a marketing representative for the Jenner & Parris Company in the state of Georgia, Denise has two immediate supervisors, one in the company's marketing department and another in its Southeastern division. Jenner & Parris is most likely a ________ organization.
matrix
a tactical level plan requires a moderate amount of detail and involves the _____level of management
middle
tactical planning occurs at the_____ level of the organization while operating plans occurs at the____ level
middle frontline
when making a decision, the ideal decision-making process includes six stages. which of the following is not one of those stages?
minimizing the ramifications of the decisions
the sixth step of the planning process involves ____which is comparing actual performance against the plans goals
monitoring
which of these are advantages of Matrix organizations
moor sharing of information. Loyalty to the organization as a full. Higher degree of adaptability
what is the form of bias that refers to people seeing what they want to see and making decision bases more on desire than on evidence
motivated reasoning
feedback suggests that the implementation will require more time, resources, effort, or though; alternatively, the decision was a bad one.
negative
____ decisions are used when there is no predetermined-structure and the decision maker must create a method for making the decision
nonprogrammed
the organizational decisions that are not routine but instead are novel and new are more typical for managers and are referred to as ____ decisions
nonprogrammed
the organizational decisions that are not routine but instead are novel and new are more typical for managers are referred to as ____ decisions
nonprogrammed
which of the following depicts the position in a firm in the best way they are arranged
organizational chart
"illusion of control" refers to pitfalls in decision making; this illusion may include_____
overconfidence, previous successes, general optimism
provides individuals and work units with a clear map to follow in future activities
planning
which statement is true about the three major types of managers and planning
planning is an important management function at all levels
what statement about planning is true
plans should be clear but flexible enough to allow for changing conditions
feedback suggests that the implemented decision is working and should be continued
positive
what is an example of a process considered by operational planning
production runs
biases that interfere with objective rationality are called ____ biases
psychological
when decision makers are based biased in the way they gather, evaluate, and apply information in the making their decision, they are being influenced by
psychological biases
choosing the first option that is minimally acceptable or adequate when making a decision is known as
satisficing
in the decision-making process______ refers to choosing the first option that is minimally acceptable of adequate
satisficing
which tactics are used by managers to develop alternative courses of action during the second stage of the decision-making process?
search ready-made solutions to use ideas that have already been tried before generate custom-made solutions designed for a specific problem follow the advice of others who have faced similar problems
in the second step of the planning process, alternative goals and plans are generated based on information contained in the
situation analysis
in which planning steps do planners assemble and study all information relevant to the planning issue in question?
situational analysis
what term describes the process of amassing, reviewing, and summarizing all information concerning a particular planning issue?
situational analysis
in what ways are staff units changing in today's companies
some human resource departments are making a strategic effort to recruit develop and keep the best employees they are providing more strategic support and advice to organizations line Department
what type of departments provide Specialized or professional skills such as research human resources or accounting to support line departments
staff departemts
what type of organizational plan involves making decisions about the organization's long-term goals
strategic
what term describes a cluster of decisions about what goal to pursue what actions to take and how to use resources to achieve goals?
strategy
is located at the top of the organizational pyramid and is accountable to board / owners
the chief executive officer
gambling is an example of ____ in that some people believe they have the skill to beat the odds even though most of the time they cannot
the illusion of control
the belief that one can influence events when one has no control over what will happen is referred to as
the illusion of control
dawan works for a company that makes cardboard boxes. It is not very hierarchical organization and dawan and his.....
there is low differentiation
which are the barriers to effective decision making
time pressures, social realities, psychological biases
among the advantages of delegations is the fact that is allows managers to
accomplish more than they could alone
which of the following is an example of a staff department
accounting
to be effective an organization's strategic tactical and operational plans must be
alligned
what are some of the benefits of delegation
as subordinates develop and grow their own jobs their contributions to the organization and grow as well managers are free to devote more time jobs are done
which of the following is created through division of labor and job specialization which distinguishes and
differentation
select the ways in which the planning and decision-making are similar
both processes involve evaluating alternatives both processes can be revised as needed both processes lead to implementation
the condition in which managers have all necessary information and can be precisely predict the consequences of actions is called
certainty
both the decision-making process and the planning process require something to make a ____ from a set of alternatives
choice
once a situational analysis has been completed the next step for organizations is to use what they have learned to
create alternative goals and alternative actions for attaining each goal
in step 2 of the planning process, generating several alternative goals, managers and other decision makers are encouraged to be
creative
in general managers in the selection step of planning process will select a plan that best fits the
current set of circumstances
a wide span of control is best when
direct response or highly trained and have access to information
what two tasks should never be delegated
disciplining subordinates conducting performance reviews
hesitation to invest in promising research and development that will not pay off until far into the future is an example of
discounting the future
which of the following is true of a contingency plan
it serves as an alternative when the initial plan fails to work or if events demand a sudden change
a decision resulting in the best possible outcomes is called
maximizing
the m in smart an acronym used by Microsoft for goal setting stands for
measurable
which type of planning identifies the procedures and processes required of the lower level of the organization
operational
which statement is true about the alignment of tactical operational and strategic plans
the plants mustbe consistentt and mutually supportive
occurs when you achieve the best possible balance among several goals
optimizing
which statement about decision-makers is true?
They face constraints that can inhibit certain actions.
pressuring others to make decisions quickly, creating a false sense of urgency to spur action and focusing on meeting deadlines versus rational processes are all examples of managers falling into what's known as
a speed trap
select the characteristics that describe system 2 information processing
deliberative analytical reflective
in decision making-making processes, which action comes directly after the act of generating alternative solutions?
determining the respective suitability of each of the alternatives that were generated
both ready-made and custom-made solutions are worth considering when
developing alternative solutions
which statement about certainty is true?
perfect certainty is rare
which of the following elements should be included in an effective plan?
the resources required to reach the goal an outline of alternatives that may lead to goal attainment obstacles that may develop while attaining the goal
which of the following is a way that the planning process is similar to the decision-making process?
they are cyclical
a shirt manufacturer based its entire marketing model on collaboration with customers. it involved its customers by having designers submit ideas to a website then asking customers to vote on their preferences. this was a way of minimizing which of the following conditions?
uncertainty
bashir needs to make a decision but does not know what probabilities of alternative outcomes. future outcomes are also unknown. this exemplifies
uncertainty
when a manager does not have adequate information to understand the consequences of different actions, this is known as
uncertainty
which of these are disadvantages of the matrix structure
additional time required for meeting and other work coordination accountability difficult to define dual bosses causing conflict and stress for employees
on which level of management is the planning function of management used
all levels
why did herbert simon claim decisions makers cannot be truly rational
because they are unable to process all the information to which they are exposed because people within an organization have conflicting goals because they have incomplete information about alternative and consequences
which statement about decision making is true?
better decisions are made when managers use rational processes
a less-than-perfect form of rationality in which decision-makers cannot be perfectly rational because decisions are complex, and complete information is unavailable or cannot be processed, is referred to as
bounded rationality
how can a "problem" be turned into an opportunity?
by understanding what the organization is doing now and what it can do to create a more positive future
when managers express that they are not satisfied or comfortable with "what if" or "what may happen" thinking in a given set of circumstances, they are demonstrating their preferences for
certainty
which of the following is created by the process of planning?
clear map for work units to follow
what is the form of bias in which people accept things they hear that correspond to what they already believe, and they ignore or reject information that does not fit their beliefs
confirmation bias
opposing pressures from different sources, occurring on the psychological level or between individuals or groups, is called
conflict
when a CFO of an organization argues with the CEO over a stock split finance an acquisition, ____ is occurring
conflict
alternate courses of action that can be implemented based on how the future unfolds are called
contingency
a ____ is a type of plan that is put into action when initial plan do not work well or if events demand a sudden change
contingency plan
plans that generate alternative courses of actions during times of uncertainty are called
contingency plans
what term describes plans that respond to external events or "what if" scenarios?
contingency plans
in general, managers in the selection step of the planning process will select the plan that best fits the
current set of circumstances
because managers must evaluate alternative organization goals and choose which one to pursue, planning is also a(n) ______ process
decision
the steps following during formal planning are similar to the steps taken in
decision making
steps required for efficient delegation in their correct order which steps first at the top
define the goal succinctly select the person for the task ask for subordinates review about suggested approaches give the subordinate the authority time and resources to preform the assignment review progress at appropriate intervals
If a decision appears inappropriate, which stage should be re-examined first?
defining the problem
Funtime Napoles marketers of stickers and other party favors have seen remarkable growth in the last few years
delegation
Management at Dungaree Denim acquired a factory at an incredibly low price. The factory came outfitted with necessary equipment, and it could discard the water involved in producing its high-end jeans into the neighboring river. Dungaree was aware that the river was undergoing an environmental survey due to talks of endangered fish, but Dungaree believed everything would work out fine. Which type of psychological bias did Dungaree's decision demonstrate?
discounting the future
which factors are necessary for successful implementation of a plan?
employees must understand the plan period managers and employees must have the resources to implement the plan
which tasks are typically conducted by managers in the goal and plan evaluation steps of the formal planning processing
estimate the cost of each plan prioritize and, if necessary, eliminate goals evaluate advantages of each goal and plan
in step 3 of the planning process (goal and plan evaluation) managers pay a great deal of attention to
estimating the return on investment for each plan
what stage of decision-making is information collected and compared to goals and plans to determine success or failure?
evaluating the decision
when dealing with time pressure in decision making, what should managers avoid doing?
falling into the speed trap
people caring more about their own function than about the company as a whole is a disadvantage of the
functional
people caring more about their own function than about the company as a whole is a disadvantage of the________ approach to departmentalization
functional
should be the second phase in which ideal six-phase decision-making process
generating alternative Solutions
Sears was a Pioneer in creating Geographic divisions by departmentalization around districts territories regions and cultures
geographic
a factory supervisor wants to increase production of the firm's most popular product by 5 percent within 6 months. What element of planning does this exemplify?
goal
which step of the formal planning process comes immediately before the goal and planning selection step?
goal and plan evaluation
which activity is part of the fourth step of the formal planning process?
goal and plan section
in the planning process, what term describes the target that managers want to achieve?
goals
when evaluating alternatives, which questions should a manager ask to aid in decision making?
if no alternative achieves all our goods, can the best alternatives be combined? does the alternative meet our goals? is the information we have about the alternative complete and current?
which of the following statements about effective delegation is true
if you are not delegating, you are merely doing things, not truly managing
once a choice is made in the decision-making process, managers must take action to actualize the choice. this step of decision making is called
implementing the decision
which statement regarding delegation are true
it allows managers to focus on other tasks. It empowers subordinates. It helps subordinates develope
which statements are true about a matrix organization
it is a hybrid form of organization some employees have two bosses functional and division forms overlap
which statements are true regarding production departmentalization
it is difficult to coordinate across product lines. it results in duplication of effort it can be expensive
select all the characteristics of an optimal span of control
it is not so narrow that it leads to overcontrol it is narrow enough to permit managers to maintain control over subordinates it is wide enough to not have an excessive number of managers overseeing a small number of employees
select all the characteristics of an optimal span of control
it is wide enough to not have an excessive number of managers overseeing a small number of employees it is not so narrow that is lead to overcontrol it is narrow enough to permit managers to maintain control over subordinates
strategic planning is different from tactical planning because it involves making decisions about the organizations _____ goals and strategies
long term
companies that simple stable environment tend to have ____levels of differentiation
low
which are ways that time pressures influence effective decision making?
meeting the deadlines becomes more important than content, business decisions made too slowly become irrelevant, and decision quality may be reduced when the decision is made too quickly
miki needs to make a decision that is cost-effective but also focuses on quality. she decides to work with a vendor that is not the cheapest or fastest choice but that takes more quality-control measures than others. miki is
optimizing
in the fourth step in decision-making, the decision will differ according to the criteria and method used. what are the important methods managers should recognize when choosing from among alternatives evaluated?
optimizing satisficing maximizing
which are constraints on decision makers?
organizational legal market financial human
in the first stage of decision making, the sources of discrepancies that exist in organization or unit performances may be detected when comparing current performance against _______
past performance current performance of other organizations or units future expected performance as determined by plans and forecasts
which steps of the planning process precedes the monitor and control step?
plan implementation
the conscious, systematic process of making decisions about goals and activities that an individual, group, work unit, or organization will pursue in the future is known as ______
planning
what term is used to describe one of the four principal tasks of management that is comprised of comscious, systematic process of making decisions about goals and activities that an individual, group, work unit, or organization will pursue in the future?
planning
what are some reasons for the resurgence of the matrix form today
pressures to consolidate costs need to be faster to market
arvind is working on the payroll and making a list of invoices that need to be paid. he knowns that he must pay invoices for work that has been completed and hold the invoiced that have not yet been completed. which kind of decision is arvind making
programmed
in order to make high-quality decisions while under time pressure, managers should rely on
real-time information, daily operating measures
select the characterizes that describe system 1 information processing
reflexive emotional automatic
what is the best strategy for managers to apply to avoid mistakes when making decisions under time pressures?
rely on real-time information
in decision-making terminology, ______ exists when the probability of a successful action is less than 100 percent, and losses are possible
risk
is an acceptable decision-making behavior when there is no other known option because the information is unavailable, time is limited, or other constraints make the maximizing impossible
satisficing
the ceo and top management team of worldwide.....
scenarios
when generating in evaluating alternative plans organizations sometimes create _____ that are descriptions of alternative future circumstances
scenarios
planning begins with
situational analysis
which of the following is true of strategic planning
strategic plans have a strong external orientation and focus on the longer term
which of the following statements about planning is accurate
tactical plans may have a time Horizon of a year or two whereas operational planning May cover a period less than a year
in the selection step of the planning process, which plan are managers most likely to managers select?
the most feasible
which of these are true statements regarding the role of stockholders in corporation
there are many stockholders, but few are directly involved in managing the company stockholders elect a board stockholders are the owners
setting a strategy can be best explained as managers
trying to match the organization's skills and resources to opportunities in the external environment