MGT Ch 7

It is appropriate to use a(n) _____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of an existing technological design.

compression

The _____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that reducing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.

compression

_____ are defined as workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.

creative work environments

A technology _____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.

cycle

Over the long run, the best way for a company to sustain competitive advantage is to create _____ year after year.

innovation streams

The three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin are ____.

unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing

Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?

It is caused by misunderstanding and distrust.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the inaction stage of organizational decline?

Managers wrongly assume that they can easily correct the problems, so they don't feel the situation is urgent.

Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical _____ pattern of innovation.

S-curve

Organizational development _____.

emphasizes employee participation in diagnosing, solving, and evaluating problems

The first step in the compression approach to innovation is _____.

planning

According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, _____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.

change forces

In _____, the old technology and several different new technologies fight to establish a new technological standard or dominant design.

design competition

Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change?

design competition

Which of the following is NOT a part of the experiential approach to innovation?

design lockout

____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.

discontinuous change

The _____ approach to innovation assumes that innovation is occurring within a highly uncertain environment.

experiential

Which of the following is a characteristic of discontinuous change?

incremental change

Organizational _____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.

innovation

A technology can become a dominant design if:

it solves a practical problem

When companies don't anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival, it results in _____.

organizational decline

Which of the following is NOT one of the components of creative work environments?

organizational impediments

The phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream begins with:

technological discontinuity

_____ occurs when customers purchase new technologies to replace older technologies.

technological substitution

_____ is defined as the knowledge, tools, and techniques used to transform inputs into outputs.

technology