Micro- Chapter 14

A secondary acquired immunodeficiency is A. AIDS. B. adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency. C. DiGeorge syndrome. D. agammaglobulinemia. E. SCID.

A. AIDS.

Human blood types involve all the following except A. MHC genes. B. ABO antigen markers. C. inheritance of two of three possible alleles. D. genetically determined glycoprotein markers. E. genes that code for an enzyme that adds a terminal carbohydrate to RBC receptors.

A. MHC genes.

Once a mother has been sensitized to the Rh factor A. all other Rh+ fetuses are at risk. B. she can be given RhoGAM in future pregnancies to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn. C. she can never again have a low risk pregnancy. D. only future Rh- fetuses are at risk. E. None of the choices is correct.

A. all other Rh+ fetuses are at risk.

Which event is the process of releasing chemical mediators? A. degranulation B. bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils C. binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils D. histamine acts on smooth muscle E. prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

A. degranulation

Allergic patients receiving small, controlled injections of specific allergens are undergoing A. desensitization. B. sensitization. C. tissue matching. D. degranulation. E. None of the choices are correct.

A. desensitization.

Histamine causes all of the following except A. increased sensitivity to pain. B. constriction of smooth muscle of bronchi and the intestine. C. relaxes vascular smooth muscle. D. wheal and flare reaction in skin. E. pruritis and headache

A. increased sensitivity to pain.

Corticosteroids will A. inhibit the activity of lymphocytes. B. bind to histamine receptors on target organs. C. block synthesis of leukotrienes. D. relieve inflammatory symptoms. E. reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles.

A. inhibit the activity of lymphocytes.

In multiple sclerosis, autoantibodies attack A. myelin sheath cells of the nervous system. B. acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle. C. acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle. D. sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane. E. cells in thyroid follicles.

A. myelin sheath cells of the nervous system.

The initial encounter with an allergen is called the A. sensitizing dose. B. provocative dose. C. allergic dose. D. hypersensitivity dose. E. desensitizing dose.

A. sensitizing dose.

Atopy and anaphylaxis are hypersensitivities in the category A. type I only. B. type I and type IV. C. type IV only. D. type I, type II, and type III. E. type I, type II, type III, and type IV.

A. type I only.

In the theory for allergic desensitization, which immunoglobulin blocks the allergen from binding with IgE? A. IgE B. IgG C. IgA D. IgD E. IgM

B. IgG

Tissue transplanted from one body site on a patient to a different body site on that patient is called a/an A. isograft. B. autograft. C. allograft. D. xenograft. E. hypograft.

B. autograft.

An antihistamine will A. inhibit the activity of lymphocytes. B. bind to histamine receptors on target organs. C. block synthesis of leukotrienes. D. relieve inflammatory symptoms. E. reverse spasms of respiratory smooth muscles.

B. bind to histamine receptors on target organs.

What will be the immediate action of an allergen when it enters that body for a second time? A. degranulation B. bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils C. binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils D. histamine acts on smooth muscle E. prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

B. bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils

The potential for hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when A. maternal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- fetus. B. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother. C. maternal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ fetus. D. fetal Rh- cells enter an Rh+ mother. E. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh+ mother.

B. fetal Rh+ cells enter an Rh- mother.

What could result when grafted tissue such as bone marrow contains passenger lymphocytes? A. host rejection of graft B. graft versus host disease C. formation of autoantibodies D. hypogammaglobulinemia E. None of the choices is correct.

B. graft versus host disease

Fungal spores and animal dander are considered to be which type of allergen? A. ingestant B. inhalant C. injectant D. contactant E. None of the choices is correct.

B. inhalant

Which of the following is not true of type III hypersensitivity? A. antigen-antibody complexes are deposited in the basement membrane of epithelial tissues B. involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies C. involves an immune complex reaction D. the Arthus reaction is a local response E. serum sickness is a systemic response

B. involves production of IgG and IgE antibodies

A second encounter with an allergen that causes a response is called the A. sensitizing dose. B. provocative dose. C. allergic dose. D. hypersensitivity dose. E. desensitizing dose.

B. provocative dose.

Epinephrine A. is an antihistamine. B. reverses constriction of airways. C. causes desensitization. D. inhibits the activity of lymphocytes. E. All of the choices are correct.

B. reverses constriction of airways.

All of the following are involved in type 2 hypersensitivity except A. IgM. B. IgG. C. IgE. D. complement. E. foreign cells.

C. IgE.

Myasthenia gravis disease arises from the production of autoantibodies against A. myelin sheath cells of the nervous system. B. acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle. C. acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle. D. sodium pump proteins in the cell membrane. E. cells in thyroid follicles.

C. acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscle.

A seasonal reaction to inhaled allergens is A. atopic dermatitis. B. eczema. C. allergic rhinitis. D. asthma. E. anaphylaxis.

C. allergic rhinitis.

A chronic, local allergy such as hay fever is considered A. delayed. B. T-cell-mediated. C. atopic. D. antibody-mediated. E. systemic anaphylactic.

C. atopic.

Autoimmunity is typically due to A. transfusion reaction. B. IgE and mast cells. C. autoantibodies and T cells. D. graft rejection. E. a deficiency in T-cell development

C. autoantibodies and T cells.

Which event occurs with the sensitizing dose of allergen? A. degranulation B. bonding of allergen to adjacent IgE binding sites on mast cells and basophils C. binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils D. histamine acts on smooth muscle E. prostaglandins cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

C. binding of IgE by the Fc region to mast cells and basophils

Which of the following is not a major organ that can be a target of immune complex deposition? A. blood vessels and skin B. heart and lungs C. brain D. joints E. kidneys

C. brain

The DiGeorge syndrome is the result of A. autoantibodies. B. delayed hypersensitivity. C. congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland. D. failure of B cell development and maturity. E. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells

C. congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland.

Any heightened or inappropriate immune response resulting in tissue damage is called a/an A. autoimmune disease. B. immunodeficiency. C. hypersensitivity. D. transfusion reaction. E. desensitization.

C. hypersensitivity.

Bee sting venom is considered to be which type of allergen? A. ingestant B. inhalant C. injectant D. contactant E. None of the choices is correct.

C. injectant

A female who is Rh- A. inherited two dominant genes. B. is in the majority of the population with regard to Rh status. C. is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn. D. can never have an Rh+ baby. E. All of the choices are correct.

C. is at risk for a pregnancy resulting in hemolytic disease of the newborn.

The chemical mediator that causes prolonged bronchospasm, vascular permeability, and mucus secretion of asthmatic patients is A. prostaglandin. B. histamine. C. leukotriene. D. serotonin. E. platelet-activating factor.

C. leukotriene.

Degranulation of mast cells leads to A. airway obstruction. B. headache. C. dilated blood vessels. D. All of the choices are correct.

D. All of the choices are correct.

What involves determination of donor HLA antigens compared to those of the recipient's tissue? A. skin graft B. blood transfusion C. organ transplantation D. both skin graft and organ transplantation E. All of the choices are correct.

D. both skin graft and organ transplantation

What can be a consequence of a genetic deficiency in B cell survival and maturity? A. host rejection of graft B. graft versus host disease C. formation of autoantibodies D. hypogammaglobulinemia E. None of the choices is correct.

D. hypogammaglobulinemia

Allergic reactions to penicillins are considered a/an _____ hypersensitivity. A. T-cell-mediated B. antibody-mediated C. immune complex-mediated D. immediate E. both T-cell-mediated and antibody-mediated

D. immediate

The study of diseases associated with excesses and deficiencies of the immune system is A. humoralpathology. B. hemopathology. C. epidemiology. D. immunopathology. E. histopathology.

D. immunopathology.

Each of the following is an autoimmune disease except A. systemic lupus erythematosus. B. Graves' disease. C. type I diabetes. D. metastatic cancer. E. rheumatic fever.

D. metastatic cancer.

Allergies run in families because A. immunoglobulins pass from mother to fetus. B. immunoglobulins pass through breast milk. C. the variable region of antibodies is genetically determined. D. relative production of IgE is inherited. E. All of the choices are correct.

D. relative production of IgE is inherited.

Autoantibodies cause tissue injury in all of the following diseases except A. rheumatoid arthritis. B. myasthenia gravis. C. Graves' disease. D. tuberculin reaction. E. multiple sclerosis.

D. tuberculin reaction.

The major categories of hypersensitivities that typically involve a B-cell immunoglobulin response is/are A. type I only. B. type I and type IV. C. type IV only. D. type I, type II, and type III. E. type I, type II, type III, and type IV.

D. type I, type II, and type III.

Contact dermatitis involves A. a sensitizing and provocative dose. B. an allergen entering the skin. C. T lymphocytes secreting inflammatory cytokines. D. itchy papules and blisters. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Large quantities of antibodies that react to the second entry of antigen and lead to formation of antigen-antibody complexes occurs in A. serum sickness. B. delayed hypersensitivity. C. anaphylaxis. D. hemolytic disease of the newborn. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Transfusion of the wrong blood type can cause A. recipient antibody activating the complement cascade to attack the RBCs. B. fever and anemia. C. systemic shock and kidney failure. D. massive hemolysis of the donor RBCs. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following is not a theory to explain the origin of autoimmune diseases? A. sequestered antigen theory B. clonal selection theory C. theory of immune deficiency D. viral infection theory E. All of the choices are possible theories.

E. All of the choices are possible theories.

Severe combined immunodeficiencies (SCIDs) are due to A. autoantibodies. B. delayed hypersensitivity. C. congenital absence or immaturity of the thymus gland. D. failure of B cell development and maturity. E. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

E. a genetic defect in the development of both T cells and B cells.

Which type/s of hypersensitivities is IgG involved with? A. anaphylaxis B. antibody-mediated C. immune complex-mediated D. both anaphylaxis and antibody-mediated E. both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated

E. both antibody-mediated and immune complex-mediated

Which of the following is not a possible symptom of type I hypersensitivity? A. rhinitis B. rashes C. sneezing D. diarrhea E. contact dermatitis

E. contact dermatitis

Which is mismatched? A. food allergy - type I hypersensitivity B. poison ivy dermatitis - type IV hypersensitivity C. serum sickness - type III hypersensitivity D. transfusion reaction - type II hypersensitivity E. hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity

E. hay fever - type IV hypersensitivity

A systemic, sometimes fatal reaction with airway obstruction and circulatory collapse is A. delayed. B. T-cell-mediated. C. atopic. D. antibody-mediated. E. systemic anaphylactic.

E. systemic anaphylactic.

All of the following are associated with IgE and mast cell-mediated allergy except A. drug allergy. B. eczema. C. anaphylaxis. D. allergic asthma. E. systemic lupus erythematosus.

E. systemic lupus erythematosus.

(T/F) A person who is Rh- will have anti-Rh antibodies in their serum from early infancy.

FALSE

(T/F) Allergic rhinitis is also known as asthma

FALSE

(T/F) Eczema is an autoimmune disorder

FALSE

(T/F) The tuberculin reaction develops within 30 minutes of the skin test in people with prior sensitization due to tuberculosis infection.

FALSE

(T/F) A viral infection can cause type I diabetes mellitus.

TRUE

(T/F) A xenograft is graft tissue from a donor of one species transplanted to a recipient of another species.

TRUE

(T/F) AIDS is a secondary immunodeficiency disease that affects several types of immune cells.

TRUE

(T/F) During graft rejection, cytotoxic T cells of the recipient recognize and respond to foreign class I MHC receptors on the grafted cells.

TRUE

(T/F) Food allergies include gastrointestinal symptoms and often hives.

TRUE

(T/F) Systemic anaphylaxis can quickly result in airway blockage, shock, and death.

TRUE