Micro Chapter 14 - Classifying infectious diseases

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Primary infection

Initial or acute infection

Latent disease

Ability of a pathogen to lie dormant, persistent infection

Secondary infection

A second infection in a different location (usually) and caused by a different microbe than the primary infection

Noncommunicable disease

Disease caused by organism normally grown outside the body

Endemic

Disease constantly in population

Epidemic

Disease in population for short time

Sporadic

Disease occasionally in population

Chronic disease

Disease slower in development, long lasting

Communicable

Disease spreads directly or indirectly from one host to another

Contagious disease

Disease spreads easily from one person to another

Nasal aspirate, serology (ELISA, PCR)

How is RSV diagnosed?

Subacute

In between acute and chronic disease

Herd immunity

Majority of population immune to a disease

Objective

Measurable symptoms (fever)

Subclinical infection

No noticeable signs and symptoms of an infection

Incidence

Number of new cases of disease

Local infection

Pathogen is restricted to small area

Systemic infection

Pathogen spreads through circulation to many sites

Subjective

Symptoms that are not measurable (pain, fatigue)

Acute disease

Rapid, sudden onset of a disease

Syndrome

Specific signs and symptoms that cause a disease

Focal infection

Starts initially as a local infection, but circumstances cause the microbe to be carried to other site systemically

Prevalence

Total number of cases of a disease (old and new)

Hepatitis, TB

What are examples of chronic diseases?

Tetanus, botulism

What are examples of noncommunicable diseases?

Fomites, common cold

What is an example of a communicable disease?

Endocarditis

What is an example of a focal infection?

Pimple

What is an example of a local infection?

AIDS, infleunza

What is an example of a pandemic?

Typhoid fever

What is an example of a sporadic disease?

Chlamydia in females

What is an example of a subclinical infection?

Histoplasmosis, candidiasis

What is an example of a systemic infection?

Histoplasmosis

What is an example of an endemic disease?

Respiratory syncytial virus

What is an example of an epidemic disease?

Measles, chicken pox

What is an example of contagious disease?

Flu

What is another example of an endemic?

Fever, wheezing

What is the signs and symptoms of RSV?

Droplets/aerosols

What is the transmission of RSV?

Palivizumab, supportive therapy

What is the treatment for RSV?

RNA, enveloped viruses that causes pneumonia in infants

What type of disease is respiratory syncytial virus?

Pandemic

World wide occurrence of a disease


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