Micro Chapter 14 - Classifying infectious diseases
Primary infection
Initial or acute infection
Latent disease
Ability of a pathogen to lie dormant, persistent infection
Secondary infection
A second infection in a different location (usually) and caused by a different microbe than the primary infection
Noncommunicable disease
Disease caused by organism normally grown outside the body
Endemic
Disease constantly in population
Epidemic
Disease in population for short time
Sporadic
Disease occasionally in population
Chronic disease
Disease slower in development, long lasting
Communicable
Disease spreads directly or indirectly from one host to another
Contagious disease
Disease spreads easily from one person to another
Nasal aspirate, serology (ELISA, PCR)
How is RSV diagnosed?
Subacute
In between acute and chronic disease
Herd immunity
Majority of population immune to a disease
Objective
Measurable symptoms (fever)
Subclinical infection
No noticeable signs and symptoms of an infection
Incidence
Number of new cases of disease
Local infection
Pathogen is restricted to small area
Systemic infection
Pathogen spreads through circulation to many sites
Subjective
Symptoms that are not measurable (pain, fatigue)
Acute disease
Rapid, sudden onset of a disease
Syndrome
Specific signs and symptoms that cause a disease
Focal infection
Starts initially as a local infection, but circumstances cause the microbe to be carried to other site systemically
Prevalence
Total number of cases of a disease (old and new)
Hepatitis, TB
What are examples of chronic diseases?
Tetanus, botulism
What are examples of noncommunicable diseases?
Fomites, common cold
What is an example of a communicable disease?
Endocarditis
What is an example of a focal infection?
Pimple
What is an example of a local infection?
AIDS, infleunza
What is an example of a pandemic?
Typhoid fever
What is an example of a sporadic disease?
Chlamydia in females
What is an example of a subclinical infection?
Histoplasmosis, candidiasis
What is an example of a systemic infection?
Histoplasmosis
What is an example of an endemic disease?
Respiratory syncytial virus
What is an example of an epidemic disease?
Measles, chicken pox
What is an example of contagious disease?
Flu
What is another example of an endemic?
Fever, wheezing
What is the signs and symptoms of RSV?
Droplets/aerosols
What is the transmission of RSV?
Palivizumab, supportive therapy
What is the treatment for RSV?
RNA, enveloped viruses that causes pneumonia in infants
What type of disease is respiratory syncytial virus?
Pandemic
World wide occurrence of a disease
