micro chapter 9
Transcribed version of a structural gene or genes in DNA
Messenger RNA
Transposons are...
segments of DNA
Please order the following stages of DNA replication in the proper order from first to last as it occurs in prokaryotic cells.
1.) Uncoiling of the parent DNA molecule 2.) Unzipping the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs 3.) Synthesis of two new DNA strands 4.) Two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand
If one donor cell is mixed with 20 recipient cells, eventually ________ cells will become donors.
20
Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to 5' TAGAC 3'
5' GTCTA 3'
According to Chargaff's rule, which of the following statements about double-stranded DNA is NOT true?
A + T = C + G
The genetic material in bacteria is
A) double-stranded DNA.
Semiconservative replication refers to
An original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule
If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is
CGU
The enzyme that travels along the leading strand assembling new nucleotides on a growing new strand of DNA is.
DNA polymerase.
Result from exposure to known mutagens, which are primarily physical or chemical agents that damage DNA
Induced mutation
Before the lagging strand can begin assembling new DNA nucleotides, which of the following must occur?
RNA primase constructs a short RNA primer.
Forms a complex cellular structure that contributes to the process of translation
Ribsosomal RNA
Changing of single base in the DNA code that may result in the placement of a different amino acid
Substitution mutation
The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by
Transposons
Which of the following is NOT a nitrogen base found in DNA? Uracil Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine
Uracil
DNA replication in bacteria begins at
a single origin and proceeds in both directions
Among the microorganisms, various genomes can include chromosomes. plasmids. mitochondrial DNA. chloroplast DNA. All of the choices are correct.
all of the choices are correct
Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one
amino acid
When the defective phage enters a new bacterial cell
both phage DNA and bacterial DNA integrate into the chromosome of the new cell host
During bacterial conjugation, plasmid replication occurs in
both the donor and recipient.
In eukaryotic cells, what cellular structure is composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule?
chromosome
Please select all of the characteristics of DNA to test your understanding of its chemical structure.
correct Deoxyribose sugar correct Ribose sugar correct Phosphate group correct Nitrogenous bases correct Ionic bonds
A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations?
deletion and insertion
A transposon enters a bacterial cell by a bacteriophage.
false
Before DNA replication can occur, the OH bonds between the strands must be broken.
false
DNA replication does not require a template.
false
During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, while the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously
false
The bacterial chromosome is linear.
false
The newly-synthesized strand of DNA has exactly the same base sequence as that of its template strand.
false
The pilus is found on both the donor and recipient cells.
false
Transformation is a mode of genetic recombination in which a plasmid is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell via a direct connection.
false
Addition or deletion of bases that changes the reading of mRNA codons
frameshift mutation
The ______ is the sum total of genetic material in a cell.
genome
The enzyme that unwinds a segment of the DNA molecule is...
helicase
When one bacterium donates DNA to another bacterium, a type of genetic recombination known as _________ has occurred.
horizontal gene transfer
Base pairs in DNA are held together by _____ bonds.
hydrogen
Which of the following is not true about transposons? -they are capable of shifting from one cell to another -they can move from one site in the host genome to another site -is able to leave the host genome via a vector -they can move into the host genome -replicate themselves before moving
is able to leave the host genome via a vector
Genetic ______ and the variations they produce result in population changes and thus, evolution.
mutations
In the process of specialized transduction
only a few specific genes from one bacterial cell are transferred to the second bacterial host by a phage
In specialized transduction
only bacterial genes near the site of integration of the phage DNA can be transduced
DNA replication is said to be
semi-conservative
DNA replication is said to be
semi-conservative.
Random change in the DNA arising from errors in replication that occur without a known cause
spontaneous mutation
Contains the anticodon and an amino acid binding site
transfer RNA
The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called
transfer RNA
The acceptance by a bacterial cell of small DNA fragments from the surrounding environment is termed ________.
transformation
Transposons are...
transported by plasmids.
A transposon can move from the host DNA to a plasmid.
true
DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the old 3' DNA end.
true
Plasmids are small pieces of DNA that may carry genetic information for antibiotic resistance.
true
Sometimes a piece of bacterial DNA near the specific site of insertion stays attached to the phage DNA, and a piece of phage DNA remains behind
true
The DNA replication machinery is assembled at the replication fork
true
The lambda phage DNA always integrates into the host DNA in the same specific site.
true
Which of the following does NOT occur during bacterial conjugation?
unidirectional transfer of both DNA strands