micro chapter 9

Transcribed version of a structural gene or genes in DNA

Messenger RNA

Transposons are...

segments of DNA

Please order the following stages of DNA replication in the proper order from first to last as it occurs in prokaryotic cells.

1.) Uncoiling of the parent DNA molecule 2.) Unzipping the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs 3.) Synthesis of two new DNA strands 4.) Two DNA molecules, each with one old and one new strand

If one donor cell is mixed with 20 recipient cells, eventually ________ cells will become donors.

20

Which of the following DNA sequences is complementary to 5' TAGAC 3'

5' GTCTA 3'

According to Chargaff's rule, which of the following statements about double-stranded DNA is NOT true?

A + T = C + G

The genetic material in bacteria is

A) double-stranded DNA.

Semiconservative replication refers to

An original parent DNA strand and one newly synthesized DNA strand comprising a new DNA molecule

If a codon for alanine is GCA, then the anticodon is

CGU

The enzyme that travels along the leading strand assembling new nucleotides on a growing new strand of DNA is.

DNA polymerase.

Result from exposure to known mutagens, which are primarily physical or chemical agents that damage DNA

Induced mutation

Before the lagging strand can begin assembling new DNA nucleotides, which of the following must occur?

RNA primase constructs a short RNA primer.

Forms a complex cellular structure that contributes to the process of translation

Ribsosomal RNA

Changing of single base in the DNA code that may result in the placement of a different amino acid

Substitution mutation

The jumping of a gene from one location to another is done by

Transposons

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogen base found in DNA? Uracil Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine

Uracil

DNA replication in bacteria begins at

a single origin and proceeds in both directions

Among the microorganisms, various genomes can include chromosomes. plasmids. mitochondrial DNA. chloroplast DNA. All of the choices are correct.

all of the choices are correct

Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one

amino acid

When the defective phage enters a new bacterial cell

both phage DNA and bacterial DNA integrate into the chromosome of the new cell host

During bacterial conjugation, plasmid replication occurs in

both the donor and recipient.

In eukaryotic cells, what cellular structure is composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule?

chromosome

Please select all of the characteristics of DNA to test your understanding of its chemical structure.

correct Deoxyribose sugar correct Ribose sugar correct Phosphate group correct Nitrogenous bases correct Ionic bonds

A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations?

deletion and insertion

A transposon enters a bacterial cell by a bacteriophage.

false

Before DNA replication can occur, the OH bonds between the strands must be broken.

false

DNA replication does not require a template.

false

During DNA replication, the lagging strand is synthesized continuously, while the leading strand is synthesized discontinuously

false

The bacterial chromosome is linear.

false

The newly-synthesized strand of DNA has exactly the same base sequence as that of its template strand.

false

The pilus is found on both the donor and recipient cells.

false

Transformation is a mode of genetic recombination in which a plasmid is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell via a direct connection.

false

Addition or deletion of bases that changes the reading of mRNA codons

frameshift mutation

The ______ is the sum total of genetic material in a cell.

genome

The enzyme that unwinds a segment of the DNA molecule is...

helicase

When one bacterium donates DNA to another bacterium, a type of genetic recombination known as _________ has occurred.

horizontal gene transfer

Base pairs in DNA are held together by _____ bonds.

hydrogen

Which of the following is not true about transposons? -they are capable of shifting from one cell to another -they can move from one site in the host genome to another site -is able to leave the host genome via a vector -they can move into the host genome -replicate themselves before moving

is able to leave the host genome via a vector

Genetic ______ and the variations they produce result in population changes and thus, evolution.

mutations

In the process of specialized transduction

only a few specific genes from one bacterial cell are transferred to the second bacterial host by a phage

In specialized transduction

only bacterial genes near the site of integration of the phage DNA can be transduced

DNA replication is said to be

semi-conservative

DNA replication is said to be

semi-conservative.

Random change in the DNA arising from errors in replication that occur without a known cause

spontaneous mutation

Contains the anticodon and an amino acid binding site

transfer RNA

The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are called

transfer RNA

The acceptance by a bacterial cell of small DNA fragments from the surrounding environment is termed ________.

transformation

Transposons are...

transported by plasmids.

A transposon can move from the host DNA to a plasmid.

true

DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the old 3' DNA end.

true

Plasmids are small pieces of DNA that may carry genetic information for antibiotic resistance.

true

Sometimes a piece of bacterial DNA near the specific site of insertion stays attached to the phage DNA, and a piece of phage DNA remains behind

true

The DNA replication machinery is assembled at the replication fork

true

The lambda phage DNA always integrates into the host DNA in the same specific site.

true

Which of the following does NOT occur during bacterial conjugation?

unidirectional transfer of both DNA strands