micro final chapter 21

The phylum ________ is thought to represent the oldest branch of the bacteria. A) Thermotogae B) Aquificae C) Cyanobacteria D) Spirochetes

B) Aquificae

The spirochetes include the causative agents for ________. A) gonorrhea B) Lyme disease C) plague D) whooping cough

B) Lyme disease

It is estimated that as much as ________ of the cycling nitrogen in the oceans is contributed by anammox bacteria. A) 10% B) 25% C) 40% D) 70%

D) 70%

Bacteroides inhabit the intestinal tract of mammals and benefit the host by degrading which of the following? A) Cellulose B) Pectin C) Complex carbohydrates D) All of the choices are correct

D) All of the choices are correct

Which of the following are used by cyanobacteria for reproduction? A) Binary fission B) Budding C) Fragmentation D) All of the choices are correct

D) All of the choices are correct

Specialized cell surface proteins on the neck of Mycoplasma mobile allow for ________. A) gliding motility B) flagellar motility C) "inchworm" motility D) "rolling" motility

A) gliding motility

Large spherical cells of cyanobacteria that are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen are referred to as ________. A) heterocysts B) microcysts C) oocysts D) nitrocysts

A) heterocysts

Members of the phylum Thermotogae can be found growing in ________. A) marine hydrothermal vents and terrestrial solfataric hot springs B) marine salterns of the shore of the Dead Sea C) soils of the Antarctic D) the intestinal tract of mammals

A) marine hydrothermal vents and terrestrial solfataric hot springs

The green sulfur bacteria are ________. A) obligate anaerobes B) facultative anaerobes C) microaerophilic D) either obligate anaerobes or facultative anaerobes

A) obligate anaerobes

Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis like green plants; this means that ________. A) they use water as their electron source B) they produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis C) they have two distinct photosystems D) All of the choices are correct.

D) All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following are photosynthetic bacteria? A) The green bacteria B) The purple bacteria C) The cyanobacteria D) All of the choices are correct.

D) All of the choices are correct.

Some anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria use ________ as their electron source. A) hydrogen sulfide B) sulfur C) hydrogen D) All of these choices are correct.

D) All of these choices are correct.

t/f A newly reported member of the phylum Verrucomicrobia, Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum has been found to be thermophilic, acidophilic, and photosynthetic.

false

t/f A trichome is a bacterial cell with three different photosynthetic pigments.

false

t/f Bacteria in phylum Fusobacteria are anaerobes that predominantly ferment sugars as their source of fuel, often producing butyric acid as an end product that smells rancid in culture.

false

t/f Cyanobacteria capable of fixing atmospheric N2 always produce heterocycts

false

t/f Deinococci can be isolated from ground meat, feces, air, freshwater, and other sources, but their natural habitat is soil.

false

t/f Elementary bodies of chlamydiae are specialized for reproduction rather than infection.

false

t/f Gliding motility is a mechanism used by some prokaryotes to swim slowly through liquids.

false

t/f It is estimated that anammox and the anammox reaction may contribute as much as 20% to the cycling of nitrogen in the world's oceans.

false

t/f The chlorosomes of Chlorobia are attached to the plasma membrane by a lipid-derived baseplate.

false

t/f Ureaplasma urealyticum generates an electrochemical gradient, despite the absence of an electron transport chain, by synthesizing urea from ammonia/ammonium to generate chemiosmotic potentials.

false

Some Mycoplasmas, such as M. mobile, can move at a steady pace across a solid surface by using ________ ________.

gliding motility

Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum can grow using ________ as a carbon source and energy source

methane

Members of Mollicutes are commonly called ________; these bacteria are characterized by the absence of cell walls, their small genomes, and simplified metabolic pathways

mycoplasmas

Some cyanobacteria are not blue-green, rather they are red or brown; this is due to the presence of the photosynthetic pigment ________

phycoerythrin

A unique feature of the ________ that distinguishes them from other bacteria is their ability to move through highly viscous liquids.

spirochetes

t/f Although the function of the flexible outer sheath in which the axial filaments of spirochetes lay is unknown, it is nonetheless essential (i.e., the bacteria will not survive if it is removed)

true

t/f Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of Chlamydia trachomatis suggests that it may be able to synthesize some of its own ATP.

true

t/f Chlamydiae are incapable of producing many key metabolites, for which they must rely on their host.

true

t/f Cyanobacteria are so named because many species have a blue-green appearance caused by the photosynthetic pigment phycocyanin.

true

t/f Green sulfur bacteria are nonmotile but can control their depth by using gas vesicles to control buoyancy

true

t/f Many bacteria that exhibit gliding motility are able to use insoluble material that they encounter while gliding as a nutrient source.

true

t/f Member of the genus Cytophaga contribute significantly to the process of wastewater treatment.

true

t/f Mollicutes, in the phylum Tenericutes, includes all bacteria that lack walls and do not synthesize peptidoglycan precursors.

true

t/f Mollicutes, such as Mycoplasma species, are able to colonize mucous membranes and can lead to pneumonia and respiratory tract disease.

true

t/f Some Mycoplasma species can be transmitted via sexual contact and lead to genitourinary tract infections in humans.

true

t/f Some species of cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen.

true

t/f The Deinococci stain Gram-positive but have a layered cell wall and an outer membrane that is more like a Gram-negative organism.

true

t/f The ability of the deinococci to resist radiation is due in part to an unusual ability to repair chromosome damage, even fragmentation.

true

t/f While Deinococci can be isolated from sources such as meat and feces, their true natural habitat remains unknown.

true

t/f While methane is produced abiotically in certain geochemically active areas, these sites are also hotspots for aerobic methane oxidation because they are rich in H2S, which microbes convert to sulfuric acid.

true

t/f While rather metabolically limited, Chlamydia reticulate bodies can still synthesize DNA, RNA, glycogen, lipids, and proteins if supplied with precursors from the host.

true

Ureaplasma conserves energy and compensates for an absent electron transport chain by creating chemiosmotic energy gradients and ATP from the breakdown of ________ into ammonia/ammonium.

urea

The infectious stage of chlamydiae is called a(n) ________ body. A) elementary B) reticulate C) contagious D) oogonial

A) elementary

Which of the following best describes the photosynthetic membranes of Chlorobia? A) Accessory bacteriochlorophylls are located in the chlorosomes, but the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll is located in the plasma membrane. B) Accessory bacteriochlorophylls are located in the plasma membrane, but the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll is located in the chlorosomes. C) Accessory and reaction center bacteriochlorophylls are located in the chlorosomes. D) Accessory and reaction center bacteriochlorophylls are located in the plasma membrane.

A) Accessory bacteriochlorophylls are located in the chlorosomes, but the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll is located in the plasma membrane.

Which of these organisms contributes most to the global methane oxidation and greenhouse gas conversion? A) Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum B) Chlamydia trachomatis C) Treponema pallidum D) Bacteroides fragilis

A) Acidimethylosilex fumarolicum

Which of the following is properly paired for the anammox reaction? A) Ammonium (NH4 +) as the electron donor; Nitrite (NO2 −) as the electron acceptor B) Sulfate (SO4 −2) as the electron donor; Sulfite (SO3 −2) as the electron acceptor C) Nitrate (NO3 −) as the electron donor; Nitrite (NO2 −) as the electron acceptor D) Phosphate (PO4 −3) as the electron donor; Carbonate (CO3 −2) as the electron acceptor

A) Ammonium (NH4 +) as the electron donor; Nitrite (NO2 −) as the electron acceptor

Which of the following is NOT a reaction pathway involved in the catabolism of arginine to generate ATP? A) Arginine + 3 H2O → CO2 + 4 ATP B) Arginine + H2O → citrulline + NH3 C) Citrulline + Pi → ornithine + carbamyl-P D) Carbamyl-P + ADP → ATP + CO2 + NH3

A) Arginine + 3 H2O → CO2 + 4 ATP

Which of these is NOT a location where you might find members of the phyla Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, or Cyanobacteria? A) Deep ocean thermal vents B) Microbial mats C) "Blooms" on lakes D) Sulfide-rich mud on lake bottoms

A) Deep ocean thermal vents

Which of the following is extremely radiation resistant? A) Deinococcus B) Aquifex C) Thermotoga D) Cytophaga

A) Deinococcus

An oncologist specializing in tumor development noticed that the presence of certain bacterial species in a tumor appeared to promote rapid progression of the cancerous cells. On microscopic examination, the cells were spindle-shaped and the culture had a rancid odor. The bacteria are likely to be ________. A) Fusobacteria B) Borrelia C) Chlamydia D) cyanobacteria

A) Fusobacteria

Which of the following statements support the evidence that suggests Fusobacteria play a role in tumor development? A) Fusobacteria appear to activate signaling pathways that prohibit apoptosis in tumor cells. B) Fusobacteria are present in abundance in certain tumors. C) In vitro studies have shown that Fusobacteria can live in co-culture with cancer cells. D) Fusobacteria are commensals and may cause opportunistic infections in humans.

A) Fusobacteria appear to activate signaling pathways that prohibit apoptosis in tumor cells.

Which of the following accumulates sulfur granules inside the cell? A) Purple sulfur bacteria B) Green sulfur bacteria C) Cyanobacteria D) None of the choices are correct

A) Purple sulfur bacteria

The member of the domain Bacteria whose genome shows it to be most closely related to the Archaea is ________. A) Thermotoga B) Aquifex C) Deinococcus D) Synechococcus

A) Thermotoga

Although Deinococcus-Thermus phyla stain Gram-positive, which reason(s) exclude them from this Gram type? A) They have L-ornithine in their peptidoglycan B) They lack teichoic acids C) Their cell envelope includes an S-layer D) Their plasma membrane has phosphatidylglycerol phospholipids instead of palmitoleic acids

A) They have L-ornithine in their peptidoglycan B) They lack teichoic acids C) Their cell envelope includes an S-layer

The primary source of energy for bacteria in phylum Fusobacteria is ________. A) amino acids B) glucose C) lactose D) lipids

A) amino acids

In the catabolism of arginine to generate ATP in Mollicutes, the first reaction is catalyzed by ________. A) arginine deaminase B) ATP synthetase C) Embden-Meyerhof pathways D) Pentose phosphate pathways

A) arginine deaminase

The photosynthetic membranes of the green sulfur bacteria are called ________. A) chlorosomes B) chloroplasts C) chlorocytes D) chlorophylls

A) chlorosomes

Cyanobacteria modulate the relative amounts of their different photopigments in response to the wavelength of incident light by a process known as ________. A) chromatic adaptation B) wavelength adaptation C) adaptive photopigmentation D) light shifting

A) chromatic adaptation

Which of the following contain both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b? A) Cyanobacteria B) Prochloron C) Green sulfur bacteria D) Purple sulfur bacteria

B) Prochloron

Thermotogae can grow anaerobically on which of the following? A) Methane and methanol B) Protein digests and carbohydrates C) Lignin D) Cellulose

B) Protein digests and carbohydrates

Which of the following best describes cyanobacteria? A) They carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis. B) They carry out oxygenic photosynthesis. C) They all can use H2S as a source of electrons for photosynthesis. D) Their photosynthetic pigments are carried in chlorosomes.

B) They carry out oxygenic photosynthesis.

Dormant, thick-walled resting cells of cyanobacteria that are resistant to desiccation are called ________. A) baeocytes B) akinetes C) hormogonia D) thylakoids

B) akinetes

The green sulfur bacteria ________. A) deposit granules of sulfur within the cell B) deposit granules of sulfur outside the cell C) deposit granules of sulfur within and outside the cell D) do not deposit granules of sulfu

B) deposit granules of sulfur outside the cell

Spherical resting cells produced by Sporocytophaga are called ________. A) heterocysts B) microcysts C) oocysts D) nitrocysts

B) microcysts

As much as ________ of the bacteria isolated from human feces belong to the genus Bacteroides. A) 0.1% B) 2.0% C) 30% D) 90%

C) 30%

Prochlorophytes lack which of the following? A) Chlorophyll a B) Chlorophyll b C) Phycobilins D) None of the choices are correct.

C) Phycobilins

Which of the following genera of the Planctomycetales have a stalk as part of their mechanism for attachment to surfaces? A) Gemmata B) Priullela C) Planctomyces D) All of the choices are correct.

C) Planctomyces

Which of the following groups of photosynthetic bacteria are capable of oxygenic photosynthesis? A) The green bacteria B) The purple bacteria C) The cyanobacteria D) All of the choices are correct

C) The cyanobacteria

Which of the following is not true about anoxygenic photosynthesis? A) Does not produce oxygen B) Often produces sulfur granules C) Water is the usual source of electrons for photosynthesis D) Does not produce oxygen and often produces sulfur granules

C) Water is the usual source of electrons for photosynthesis

Unique features of the planctomycetes include ________. A) resistance to ionizing radiation B) their size: some are as large as protozoa C) a membrane-bound nuclear region D) twitching fimbriae that are required for motility

C) a membrane-bound nuclear region

Gliding motility can be used to propel bacteria ________. A) through the air only B) through liquids only C) across solid substrates only D) along the framework of the cytoskeleton of host cells

C) across solid substrates only

Which of the following bacteria is both photosynthetic and Gram-positive? A) Purple bacteria B) Green bacteria C) Heliobacteria D) Cyanobacteria E) None of the choices are correct.

C) cyanobacteria

Although similar to eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, cyanobacteria are different because they ________. A) have only photosystem I not photosystem II B) have only photosystem II not photosystem I C) do not have chloroplasts D) do not have any photosynthetic membranes

C) do not have chloroplasts

Some marine species of cyanobacteria ________. A) have flagella and are, therefore, motile B) do not have flagella and are, therefore, nonmotile C) do not have flagella but are, nonetheless, motile by some unknown mechanism D) do not have flagella but are motile by means of pseudopods

C) do not have flagella but are, nonetheless, motile by some unknown mechanism

The Gram-negative chlamydiae are ________. A) photosynthetic B) motile due to periplasmic flagella C) obligate intracellular parasites D) Gram-positive, spore-forming rods

C) obligate intracellular parasites

The part of the spirochete that houses the cytoplasm and the nucleoid of spirochetes is called the ________ cylinder. A) ectoplasmic B) cytoplasmic C) protoplasmic D) mesoplasmic

C) protoplasmic

Cyanobacteria are best described as ________. A) all being obligate photolithoautotrophs B) all being obligate chemoheterotrophs C) some being photolithoautotrophs that can function as chemoheterotrophs in the dark D) None of the choices are correct.

C) some being photolithoautotrophs that can function as chemoheterotrophs in the dark

Some cyanobacteria form ________, which are comprised of chains of bacterial cells that are in close contact with one another over a large area. A) hypha B) mycelia C) trichomes D) cell mats

C) trichomes

Aquifex cannot use which of the following as electron donors? A) Hydrogen B) Thiosulfate C) Sulfur D) Glucose

D) glucose

Nitrogen fixation in the hindgut of the termite is carried out by ________. A) cyanobacteria B) Bacteroides C) deinococci D) spirochetes

D) spirochetes

The complex of periplasmic flagella that mediates the movement of spirochetes is referred to as the ________. A) periplasmic flagella B) axillary filament C) axial filament D) peritrichal axon E) periplasmic flagella or axial filament

E) periplasmic flagella or axial filament

The site of anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the recently described genera Brocadia, Kuenenia, Scalindua, and Anammoxoglobus is called the ________.

anammoxosome