Microbiology ch 1

A hypothesis can be defined as

A scientific explanation that is subject to testing

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that

A specific microbe should be classified in a specific kingdom

Sterile refers to

Absence of any life forms and viral particles

Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of

Bioremediation

What is spontaneous generation theory? Describe one scientific method which was used to test the theory of spontaneous generation

Certain living things were believed to be arising from vital forces present in non-living or decomposing matter. Pasteur's experiment

An area of microbiology that is concerned with the occurrence of disease in human population is

Epidemiology

The area of biology that states that organisms undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long period of time

Evolution

A scientist studying helminthes is working with bacteria

False

All microorganisms are parasites

False

Parasites are free-living organisms that derive their nutrition from the non-living environment

False

Which process involves the deliberate alteration of an organism's genetic material

Genetic engineering

When assigning a scientific name to an organism

Genus name is capitalized and both genus and species name italicized or underlined

Differentiate between a hypothesis and theory. What are the different steps between formulation of a hypothesis and acceptance of it as a theory

Hypothesis: Is a tentative explanation of what has been observed or measured. Theory: Is a collection of statements that explains a natural event Different steps between hypothesis and theory are; predictions, testing and retesting, rejection, modification or acceptance of the hypothesis

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses

Lack cell structure

How would you classify a virus?

Not prokaryotic, eukaryotic, or archaea

Helminths are

Parasitic worms

Disease-causing microorganisms are called

Pathogens

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called

Phylogeny

A prominent difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is the

Presence of a nucleus in eukaryotes

The number one worldwide infectious diseases are

Respiratory diseases

Which of the following is a scientific name

Streptococcus pyogenes

The scientific field that is involved in the identification, naming and classification of the organisms

Taxonomy

What is a binomial system of nomenclature and why is it used

The method of assigning scientific name is called binomial system of nomenclature. It is a combination of the name of the genus followed by name of the species. Genus name is always capitalized and species part is written in lowercase letter; both should be italicized or underlined. The advantage of standardized nomenclature is that it provides a universal language thereby making the exchange of information easier.

A hypothesis must be tested before it can be considered a theory

True

Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of same kingdom

True

Most common way to apply scientific method is called the deductive approach

True

Some stomach ulcers are caused by an infection

True

Taxonomic system has 3 primary functions; naming, classifying and identifying species

True

The six types of microorganisms are bacteria, fungi, algae, virus, protozoa and helminths

True

The term sterile means free of all life-forms

True

Evolutionary relatedness can be determined by examining the nucleotide sequences

rRNA