Microbiology Ch. 9-Introduction to Microbial Genetics

In a chromosome, the DNA is composed of ______ strands. Multiple choice question. 2 1 3

2

Genes are made up of ______, a macromolecule made up of nucleotides. Multiple choice question. DNA amino acids ATP RNA

DNA

The "blueprint" information for the production of proteins is permanently encoded in sections of ___ .

DNA

The genome of a cell is entirely composed of the macromolecule known as ______. Multiple choice question. DNA proteins RNA carbohydrates

DNA

The genome of a cell is entirely composed of the macromolecule known as ______. Multiple choice question. carbohydrates RNA DNA proteins

DNA

Which best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell? Multiple choice question. Protein encodes RNA which encodes DNA RNA encodes DNA which encodes protein DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein

DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein

The flow of genetic information in a cell is a process starting with ___ which encodes ___ which encodes protein.

DNA; mRNA

Select all that apply How does RNA differ from DNA in bacteria and eukaryotes? Multiple select question. Ribose in RNA contains one less carbon than deoxyribose in DNA. RNA is single-stranded In RNA, uracil replaces thymine In RNA, thymine is replaced with adenine

RNA is single-stranded, in RNA, uracil replaces thymine

Select all that apply The nitrogenous bases found in DNA include: Multiple select question. Adenine Deoxyribose Thymine Uracil Guanine Cytosine

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are ___, ___, ___, and ___.

adenine; guanine; thymine; cytosine

Which type of RNA is transcribed from a DNA template? Multiple choice question. rRNA and tRNA only All types of RNA mRNA only mRNA and rRNA only

all types of RNA

Nucleotide is to nucleic acid as ___ ___ is to protein.

amino acids

Viral DNA inserted into the host genome may cause the transformation of the host cell into a ___ cell.

cancer

Select all that apply The genome of a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell includes DNA found in which sites? Multiple select question. Chromosomes Plasmids Chloroplasts Cell wall Mitochondria Cell membrane

chromosomes plasmids chloroplasts mitochondria

Select all that apply Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide in DNA? Multiple select question. Deoxyribose sugar Amino acid Phosphate Nitrogenous base Ribose sugar

deoxyribose sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base

The DNA of a chromosome is ___-stranded.

double

Select all that apply Which viruses insert their DNA into the host genome increasing the risk of cancer? Multiple select question. Ebola virus Hepatitis B virus Herpesvirus

hepatitis b virus, herpesvirus

Any alteration in DNA that occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens is a(n) ___ mutation.

induced

What type of DNA mutation occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens? Multiple choice question. Induced Spontaneous

induced

The first three events of translation in the correct order are ___, ___, ___ followed by protein folding and processing.

initiation, elongation, termination

Which is the correct order of events when a protein is made in the process of translation? Multiple choice question. Termination, elongation, initiation Initiation, elongation, termination Initiation, termination, elongation Elongation, termination, initiation

initiation, elongation, termination

During eukaryotic protein synthesis, ______ ribosome(s) are used to translate mRNA that contains ______ gene(s). Multiple choice question. one, many many, one many, many one, one

many; one

During eukaryotic protein synthesis, ______ ribosome(s) are used to translate mRNA that contains ______ gene(s). Multiple choice question. one, one many, one many, many one, many

many; one

A permanent inheritable alteration in the DNA sequence of a cell is a(n) ___.

mutation

Select all that apply In protein synthesis, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells show similarities in all of the following EXCEPT the Multiple select question. mass production of proteins using polyribosomes. operation of ribosomes. number of proteins encoded on a single mRNA. functions of start and stop codons. use of formyl-methionine as the first amino acid.

number of proteins encoded on a single mRNA, use of formyl-methionin as the first amino acid

Mutations that involve the addition, deletion or substitution of no more than a few bases are referred to as ___ mutations.

point

Mutations that involve the addition, deletion or substitution of one or a few bases are referred to as _______ mutations. Multiple choice question. wild-type back point frameshift

point

The enzymes responsible for building the DNA strand, proofreading newly produced DNA strands, and removing the RNA primer are DNA ___ I and III.

polymerase

Select all that apply DNA polymerases are responsible for Multiple select question. proofreading/repair. building the DNA chain. binding the nicks in DNA. unwinding the helix. supercoiling of DNA.

proofreading/repair, building the DNA chain

Select all that apply DNA polymerases are responsible for Multiple select question. supercoiling of DNA. binding the nicks in DNA. unwinding the helix. proofreading/repair. building the DNA chain.

proofreading/repair, building the DNA chain

The DNA blueprint specifies how to make what type of macromolecule? Multiple choice question. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Water

proteins

The DNA blueprint specifies how to make what type of macromolecule? Multiple choice question. Proteins Carbohydrates Water Lipids

proteins

Which type of RNA comprises ribosomal subunits? Multiple choice question. mRNA tRNA rRNA

rRNA

Which term refers to the transfer of genes from donor to recipient microorganisms? Multiple choice question. Reproduction Recombination Mutation Heredity

recombination

Two subunits of the ___ come together to perform protein synthesis.

ribosomes

Which of the following is the genetic pattern of viral genomes? Multiple choice question. Single or double stranded DNA or RNA Single or double stranded DNA only Single stranded DNA only Double stranded DNA only

single or double stranded DNA or RNA

___ mutations in DNA are caused by random mistakes in replication and not known to be influenced by any mutagenic agent.

spontaneous

Which type of mutation is due to random mistakes in replication? Multiple choice question. Induced mutation Nonspontaneous mutation Spontaneous mutation

spontaneous mutation

Select all that apply Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA? Multiple select question. repressor RNA polymerase structural genes inducer operator

structural genes, operator

True or false: A mutation is an alteration in the DNA sequence or content of a cell that is passed on when the cell divides. True false question. True False

true

Unlike DNA, RNA contains the nitrogenous base ___.

uracil

Select all that apply In protein synthesis, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells show similarities in all of the following EXCEPT the Multiple select question. mass production of proteins using polyribosomes. operation of ribosomes. use of formyl-methionine as the first amino acid. number of proteins encoded on a single mRNA. functions of start and stop codons.

use of formyl-methionine as the first amino acid, number of proteins encoded on a single mRNA

Select all that apply How does RNA differ from DNA in bacteria and eukaryotes? Multiple select question. In RNA, uracil replaces thymine Ribose in RNA contains one less carbon than deoxyribose in DNA. In RNA, thymine is replaced with adenine RNA is single-stranded

In RNA, uracil replaces thymine, RNA is single-stranded

The science of heredity is ______. genetics reproduction biology

genetics

Select all that apply Which of the following are parts of a nucleotide in DNA? Multiple select question. Nitrogenous base Amino acid Phosphate Ribose sugar Deoxyribose sugar

nitrogenous base, phosphate, deoxyribose sugar

Two components of an operon include the ___ that acts as an on/off switch, and the ___ gene sequences.

operator; structural

True or false: DNA polymerase converts DNA into the various types of RNA during transcription. True false question. True False

false

True or false: Viral genomes are always composed of either single or double stranded DNA. True false question. True False

false

Select all that apply Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA? Multiple select question. operator RNA polymerase repressor inducer structural genes

operator, structural genes

Gene expression in prokaryotes is regulated through _______. Multiple choice question. enzymatic regulation feedback inhibition mutation operons

operons

___ refers to the transfer of genes from donor to recipient microorganisms, where the recipient strain shows a change in genetic makeup at the end.

recombination

What determines the order of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein? Multiple choice question. Polarity of individual amino acids DNA sequence of a gene The native configuration or shape of the protein

DNA sequence of a gene

Select all that apply The genome of a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell includes DNA found in which sites? Multiple select question. Chromosomes Cell wall Plasmids Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cell membrane

chromosomes, plasmids, mitochondria, chloroplasts

A(n) ______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one functional protein or RNA. Multiple choice question. codon triplet protein genome chromosome gene

gene

A(n) ______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one functional protein or RNA. Multiple choice question. triplet genome chromosome gene codon protein

gene

Control mechanisms ensure that _____ are active only when their products are required. Multiple choice question. genes codons tRNAs ribosomes

genes

Before a bacterial cell can undergo binary fission, the ___ must be duplicated.

genetic material

What must be replicated before a cell can divide through binary fission? Multiple choice question. Genetic material Cell membrane Flagella Glycocalyx Cell wall

genetic material

___ is the study of the inheritance of living things.

genetics

A DNA nucleotide is composed of a(n) ___ , a(n) ___ sugar, and a(n) ___ base.

phosphate; deoxyribose; nitrogen