Microbiology Chapter #1
protists
Algae and protozoa are also referred to as , a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.
parents not having their children vaccinated
All of the following are factors that account for the emergence of new diseases in developed countries EXCEPT ______.
Smallpox is caused by bacteria
All of the following statements about smallpox are true except one. Which?
smallpox
Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases?
more diverse
Compared to the range of types of plants and animals, microbes as a group are ______.
microbiota
Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal
swan-neck to inhibit particulate matter from reaching the main body of the flask
Pasteur constructed a special type of flask with a(n) _______.
The bend in the necks caught the microbes that entered the flask with the fresh air and blocked them from reaching the broth.
Pasteur's famous experiment on spontaneous generation involved swan-necked glass flasks. Why did he construct these special types of flasks?
cell walls of bacteria
Peptidoglycan is found in the ______.
bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas
Plague is a _______.
infectious proteins; animals
Prions are _______ that cause a number of diseases in _______.
prion
Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. This information indicates that the infectious agent is a(n)
composed of cells
Technically speaking, viruses are not microorganisms because they are not ______.
microorganisms cause certain diseases
The Germ Theory of Disease states that ______.
Spontaneous generation
The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following?
bacteria archaea
The domains _______and _________ are made up of prokaryotes.
SARS
The emerging infectious disease COVID-19 is caused by a virus called -CoV-2.
virus, viroid, prion
The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the , , and .
germ
The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the ________Theory of Disease.
explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur
The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn ______.
probiotics
Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as _______.
endospore
Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)
viruses
Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes
true
Vaccinations have helped reduce the spread of mumps, measles and whooping cough in developed countries.
obligate intracellular agents
Viruses are ______.
true
We could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.
genus and species
What does the scientific name of an organism include?
Small size
What is the only shared feature of all microbes?
Life arose from non-living matter.
Which defines spontaneous generation?
emerging
Which diseases can be due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host?
We could not survive without them.
Which of the following about microorganisms is true?
viroids prions viruses
Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?
viroids viruses prions
Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?
Fungi Protozoa Algae Helminths
Which of the following are eukaryotes?
Ebola Lyme disease Zika mad cow disease
Which of the following are examples of emerging infectious diseases?
cheese, yogurt, beer
Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?
molds yeasts
Which of the following are microscopic fungi?
eukaryotic multicellular photosynthetic unicellular
Which of the following can be characteristics of algae?
pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications parents refusing to vaccinate their children
Which of the following can cause an infectious disease to reemerge?
It consists of RNA. It can infect plants.
Which of the following describes a viroid?
plague
Which of the following diseases killed one-third of the population of Europe in a four-year span (1347-1351)?
More Americans died of influenza in 1918-1919 than were killed in World Wars I and II, and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.
Which of the following statements about the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 is true?
Viruses are nonliving. Viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein. Viruses are acellular.
Which of the following statements is true regarding viruses?
Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.
Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?
They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.
Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?
run out
Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______.
true
Without microorganisms, we would run out of certain nutrients.
viroid
You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and consists of only a single RNA molecule. It must be a(n) _______.
Louis Pasteur
_______ is credited with disproving spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flasks.
Influenza
_______ killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World Wars I and II and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.
John Needham
_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork
John Needham
_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.
algae
are a large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms.
Eukaryote
is the domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles.
pathogen
is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.
whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades
Emerging infectious diseases are those ______.
hypothesis
A testable explanation for an observation is called a(n)
emerging
An infectious disease that has become more common in the last several decades is referred to as a(n) infectious disease.
destroying millions of pig, sheep, and cattle
An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in England was controlled by ______.
organisms binary fission
Archaea, like bacteria, are single-celled ____________ that divide via the process of ______________
They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of microbes
Benefits of normal microbiota include all EXCEPT which of the following?
genus
For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicates the _________ and gives information about the shape of the organism.
yeast, mold
Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes. Those that are studied by microbiologists include the unicellular _____________and the multicellular filamentous ___________
support; could still give rise to microorganisms
In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______.
pathogens
In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?
shapes and sizes prokaryotic cell structure energy sources used method of multiplication
In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?
Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties. Microorganisms multiply quickly. Microorganisms are cheaper to study. Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms.
Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?
peptidoglycan
Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called
