Microbiology Chapter #1

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protists

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as , a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.

parents not having their children vaccinated

All of the following are factors that account for the emergence of new diseases in developed countries EXCEPT ______.

Smallpox is caused by bacteria

All of the following statements about smallpox are true except one. Which?

smallpox

Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases?

more diverse

Compared to the range of types of plants and animals, microbes as a group are ______.

microbiota

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal

swan-neck to inhibit particulate matter from reaching the main body of the flask

Pasteur constructed a special type of flask with a(n) _______.

The bend in the necks caught the microbes that entered the flask with the fresh air and blocked them from reaching the broth.

Pasteur's famous experiment on spontaneous generation involved swan-necked glass flasks. Why did he construct these special types of flasks?

cell walls of bacteria

Peptidoglycan is found in the ______.

bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas

Plague is a _______.

infectious proteins; animals

Prions are _______ that cause a number of diseases in _______.

prion

Spongiform encephalopathies are caused by infectious proteins. This information indicates that the infectious agent is a(n)

composed of cells

Technically speaking, viruses are not microorganisms because they are not ______.

microorganisms cause certain diseases

The Germ Theory of Disease states that ______.

Spontaneous generation

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following?

bacteria archaea

The domains _______and _________ are made up of prokaryotes.

SARS

The emerging infectious disease COVID-19 is caused by a virus called -CoV-2.

virus, viroid, prion

The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the , , and .

germ

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the ________Theory of Disease.

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn ______.

probiotics

Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as _______.

endospore

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)

viruses

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes

true

Vaccinations have helped reduce the spread of mumps, measles and whooping cough in developed countries.

obligate intracellular agents

Viruses are ______.

true

We could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.

genus and species

What does the scientific name of an organism include?

Small size

What is the only shared feature of all microbes?

Life arose from non-living matter.

Which defines spontaneous generation?

emerging

Which diseases can be due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host?

We could not survive without them.

Which of the following about microorganisms is true?

viroids prions viruses

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?

viroids viruses prions

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?

Fungi Protozoa Algae Helminths

Which of the following are eukaryotes?

Ebola Lyme disease Zika mad cow disease

Which of the following are examples of emerging infectious diseases?

cheese, yogurt, beer

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?

molds yeasts

Which of the following are microscopic fungi?

eukaryotic multicellular photosynthetic unicellular

Which of the following can be characteristics of algae?

pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications parents refusing to vaccinate their children

Which of the following can cause an infectious disease to reemerge?

It consists of RNA. It can infect plants.

Which of the following describes a viroid?

plague

Which of the following diseases killed one-third of the population of Europe in a four-year span (1347-1351)?

More Americans died of influenza in 1918-1919 than were killed in World Wars I and II, and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.

Which of the following statements about the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 is true?

Viruses are nonliving. Viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein. Viruses are acellular.

Which of the following statements is true regarding viruses?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

run out

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______.

true

Without microorganisms, we would run out of certain nutrients.

viroid

You discover an agent that multiplies in plant cells and consists of only a single RNA molecule. It must be a(n) _______.

Louis Pasteur

_______ is credited with disproving spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flasks.

Influenza

_______ killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World Wars I and II and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.

John Needham

_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork

John Needham

_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.

algae

are a large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms.

Eukaryote

is the domain of organisms whose cells have a nucleus and various organelles.

pathogen

is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades

Emerging infectious diseases are those ______.

hypothesis

A testable explanation for an observation is called a(n)

emerging

An infectious disease that has become more common in the last several decades is referred to as a(n) infectious disease.

destroying millions of pig, sheep, and cattle

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in England was controlled by ______.

organisms binary fission

Archaea, like bacteria, are single-celled ____________ that divide via the process of ______________

They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of microbes

Benefits of normal microbiota include all EXCEPT which of the following?

genus

For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicates the _________ and gives information about the shape of the organism.

yeast, mold

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes. Those that are studied by microbiologists include the unicellular _____________and the multicellular filamentous ___________

support; could still give rise to microorganisms

In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______.

pathogens

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?

shapes and sizes prokaryotic cell structure energy sources used method of multiplication

In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties. Microorganisms multiply quickly. Microorganisms are cheaper to study. Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms.

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?

peptidoglycan

Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called


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