Microbiology chapter 9 aida

E. coli may pick up a recombinant plasmid from a neighboring E. coli cell by __________.

conjugation

Southern blotting is used to __________.

identify particular sequences of DNA

An ampicillin-sensitive culture of E. coli is transformed with a plasmid that contains the gene of interest plus an ampicillin-resistant gene. If it is then plated on an ampicillin-containing growth medium, __________.

only the bacteria with the plasmid will grow

Which of the following is an example of a cloning vector?

plasmid

Which of the following can be used as vectors to genetically modify cells?

plasmids, viruses, shuttle vectors

Recombinant DNA can be introduced into a host cell by any of the following methods EXCEPT __________.

polymerase chain reaction

If a recombinant plasmid is put in solution with E. coli, the bacteria may pick up the plasmid by __________.

transformation

The basic steps to genetically modify a cell are listed below. Which step would come LAST?

transformation

Which of the following is a safety issue related to the use of recombinant DNA?

-reduction in populations of "desirable" insects due to the use of Bt insecticide, -allergic reactions to components in genetically modified foods, -spread of bioengineered traits, such as herbicide resistance, into related weed species

Which of the following statements correctly differentiates a genomic library from a cDNA library?

A genomic library contains fragments of the entire DNA in an organism's genome. A cDNA library contains the coding sequences of eukaryotic genes (minus the introns).

Which of the following statements correctly differentiates biotechnology from rDNA technology?

Biotechnology involves any use of microorganisms or cells to make products, regardless of the means used. Recombinant DNA technology involves methods for handling and modifying DNA and inserting it into different types of cells.

Which of the following statements correctly differentiates biotechnology and rDNA technology?

Biotechnology involves any use of microorganisms or cells to make products, regardless of the means used. rDNA technology involves the specific use of molecular modifications in microorganisms or cells, in which a gene from one cell is inserted into another cell, altering the recipient cell to make some desired product.

DNA fingerprints are actually __________.

DNA fragments

Special considerations must be taken when using bacteria to produce a eukaryotic protein. What is the cause for this additional difficulty?

Eukaryotic genes contain introns, which prokaryotic cells cannot remove.

Real-time PCR differs from traditional PCR in that real-time PCR amplification is monitored by gel electrophoresis.

False

Yeasts CANNOT express foreign, eukaryotic genes.

False

The following sequential steps are used to make a recombinant cell. Which of these steps occurs LAST?

Grow cells containing vector with the gene of interest.

Which of the following is NOT true of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Large amounts of DNA must be isolated from the source organism.

Which of the following might specifically be used as part of a reverse-genetics approach to studying a gene?

RNA interference

Which of these statements is true for restriction enzymes?

Restriction enzymes are useful in genetic engineering when they make staggered cuts in DNA.

During the Southern blotting technique, what is the purpose of transferring the DNA fragments from the gel to a nitrocellulose filter?

This step attaches the DNA fragments to a permanent substrate, which then can be probed.

If a foreign gene inserted into a plasmid inactivates the β-galactosidase gene, a bacterium containing that plasmid would form blue colonies on X-gal medium.

True

RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to silence a gene, and it holds promise for treating certain genetic disorders and viral infections.

True

When bacteria are genetically modified to produce a protein product, technical difficulties arise because that product is NOT always secreted from the cell.

True

Which of the following is NOT a step in Southern blotting?

addition of heat-stable DNA polymerase

In genetic engineering, antibiotic-resistance genes are usually cloned into vectors to __________.

allow selection for bacteria containing the vector

Assume you insert a specific gene into a plasmid and use blue-white screening. You plate the transformed E. coli cells on an ampicillin X-gal medium. Cells that produce blue colonies are __________.

ampicillin resistant but do not contain the new gene

The process of making multiple copies of a DNA molecule is referred to as __________.

amplification

cDNA is made from __________.

an mRNA template

When two DNA pieces cut with the same restriction enzyme are combined, sticky ends will __________.

associate by complementary base pairing and hydrogen bonds

If DNA ligase were NOT used in the creation of a recombinant plasmid, __________.

base-pairing would occur but the sugar phosphate backbone would not be connected

If you insert the gene for Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis into a tomato plant, the resulting plants will __________.

be toxic to insects that eat them

If you put the gene for Bt toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis into a tomato plant, the resulting plants will __________.

be toxic to insects that eat them

The use of microorganisms, cells, or cell components to make products such as hormones, antibiotics, food, or vaccines is known as __________.

biotechnology

For the introduction of a genetically modified plasmid into E. coli, __________.

calcium chloride and heat shock can be used

To express a human gene in a bacterium, cDNA must be made because bacteria __________.

cannot remove introns

Recombinant DNA technology is used for all of the following EXCEPT ________.

culturing unknown organisms

Recombinant DNA technology is used for all of the following EXCEPT __________.

culturing unknown organisms

In nature, the function of restriction enzymes is to __________.

destroy bacteriophage DNA

A plasmid that has been cleaved with EcoRI can recombine with another plasmid that has been __________.

digested with EcoRI

A good cloning vector __________.

should have a gene or genes that allows for selection of transformed host cells

For Agrobacterium tumefaciens to be used to introduce foreign DNA into a plant cell, that DNA must first be __________.

inserted into the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid of A. tumefaciens

In genetic engineering, antibiotic resistance genes are often cloned into a vector to __________.

make direct selection of a clone possible

In the blue-white screening procedure, bacteria that are transformed with recombinant plasmid and cultured in media containing ampicillin and X-gal will __________.

produce white colonies

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of obtaining the protein product called human growth hormone by recombinant DNA technology rather than extraction from cadavers?

production of endotoxins

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of obtaining the protein product human growth hormone by recombinant DNA technology rather than extraction from cadavers?

production of endotoxins

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of genetic modification?

removal of antibiotic-resistant plasmids from bacteria

The shotgun sequencing technique is used to __________.

sequence entire genomes

The following steps are necessary to clone eukaryotic genes in bacteria. What is the third step?

splice exons together

Genetic technology has enabled screening for a variety of genetic conditions, and use of this technology is becoming more widely available. Which of the following is likely to become an important issue that will need to be addressed?

the need for legislation to protect the privacy of individuals' genetic information

Sequencing a genome directly provides __________.

the order of nucleotides in a genome

All of the following are benefits and improvements made possible by recombinant DNA technology EXCEPT __________.

use of baker's yeast to produce bread