Microbiology Final- Ch. 1/2,5,6/7
Which of the following affects the elimination of bacteria from an object?
All of these
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to hospital-acquired infections?
All of these may contribute to hospital-acquired infection.
Bacteria differ from viruses in that bacteria
All of these.
Regarding Pasteur's experiments with the S-neck flask, which of the following statements is true?
All of these.
Which of the following statements about fungi is true?
All require organic material for growth.
Which of the following organisms lack cell walls?
Anamalia
Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system?
Animalia
Which concentration of ethanol is the most effective bactericide?
70%
In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts Neisseria gonorrhoeae when growing inside the human body?
A
In Figure 6.1, which line best illustrates the growth of a facultative anaerobe incubated aerobically?
A
In Table 6.1, which medium (media) is (are) chemically defined?
A
In Table, 6.1, in which medium would an autotroph grow?
A
Which compound in Figure 2.1 is an organic acid?
A
In one hospital, Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 10 infected the biliary tract of 10% of 1300 patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. After each use, endoscopes were washed with an automatic reprocessor that flushed detergent and glutaraldehyde through the endoscopes, followed by a tap water rinse. P. aeruginosa 10 was not isolated from the detergent, glutaraldehyde, or tap water. What was the source of the infections?
A biofilm in the repressor
Which of the following findings was essential for Jenner's vaccination process?
A weakened microorganism may produce immunity.
What is the most acidic place in Figure 5.8?
A.
The graph at the left in Figure 5.7 shows the reaction rate for an enzyme at its optimum temperature. Which graph shows enzyme activity at a higher temperature?
B.
Which of the graphs in Figure 5.5 best illustrates the activity of an enzyme that is saturated with substrate?
C.
Which type of molecule NEVER contains a phosphate group?
Carbohydrate.
Which type of molecule is composed of (CH2O) units?
Carbohydrate.
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction: 2H2O2 2H2O + O2?
Catalase
Which of the following does NOT directly result from application of heat?
Cell lysis
Which of the following uses CO2 for carbon and H2 for energy?
Chemoautotroph
Which of the following uses glucose for carbon and energy?
Chemoheterotroph
Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?
Chlorhexidine
Which of the following compounds is NOT an enzyme?
Coenzyme A
Which of the following statements about biofilms is false?
Compared to free-living bacteria, biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics.
A culture medium consisting of agar, human blood, and beef heart is a
Complex medium
Which of the following lack a nucleus?
Bacteria
A shipping company employee notices that the inside of ships' hulls where ballast water is stored are deteriorating. The hull paint contained cyanide to prevent microbial growth. Bacteria were growing on the hulls. You can therefore conclude that the
Bacteria were growing by fermentation.
Which of the following is NOT an example of biotechnology?
Bacterial degradation of a dead animal
In Figure 2.1, which is an alcohol?
C
In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts a catalase-negative cell incubated aerobically?
C
In Figure 6.1, which line shows the growth of an obligate aerobe incubated anaerobically?
C
In Table 7.1, which compound was the most effective against Staphylococcus?
C
Refer to Figure 5.8. In aerobic respiration, where is water formed?
D.
Which compound in Figure 2.1 is an ester?
D.
In Figure 5.8, where is ATP produced?
E.
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Immunologist - studies ecology of Legionella pneumophila
Which one of the following is most resistant to chemical biocides?
Mycobacteria
Which compound is being reduced in the reaction shown in Figure 5.1?
NAD+
Which of the following is an organic growth factor?
NAD+
Which one of the following would you predict is an allosteric inhibitor of the Krebs cycle enzyme, -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?
NADH
Which of the following is a base?
NaOH Na+ + OH-
If you were preparing nutrient agar at home and didnt have an autoclave, what could you use to sterilize the nutrient agar?
Pressure cooker at 121°C for 15 minutes
Regular use of antibacterial cleaning products
Promotes survival of bacteria that are resistant.
Which molecule is composed of a chain of amino acids?
Protein
Which type of molecule contains -NH2 groups?
Protien
Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
Protista
In Figure 5.8, the path labeled (2) is the flow of
Protons
Oil-degrading bacteria are naturally present in the environment but cannot degrade an oil spill fast enough to avoid ecological damage. How can the actions of these bacteria be sped up?
Provide nitrogen and phosphorus.
Identify the following reaction: NH4OH NH3 + H2O
Reversible reaction
A culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms grow and a yellow halo surrounds Staphylococcus aureus colonies is called a(n)
Selective medium and Differential medium
Assume you inoculated 100 cells into 100 ml of nutrient broth. You then inoculated 100 cells of the same species into 200 ml of nutrient broth. After incubation for 24 hours, you should have
The same number of cells in both
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Thermophile - growth at 37°C
Which of the following treatments is the most effective for controlling microbial growth?
They are equivalent treatments.
Which of the following statements about the reactions in Table 2.2 is false?
They are exchange reactions.
Which of the following statements about viruses is false?
They both have DNA and RNA
Which of the following statements about protozoa is false?
They have rigid cell walls.
In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts a facultative anaerobe in the absence of O2?
b
In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts a psychrotroph incubated at 0°C?
b
Micrococci are facultative halophiles. In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts the growth of Micrococcus luteus in a nutrient medium containing 7.5% NaCl?
b
Which graph in Figure 7.3 best depicts the effect of placing the culture in an autoclave for 15 min. at time x?
b
In Figure 6.2, which sections of the graph illustrate a logarithmic change in cell numbers?
b and d
Who observed cells in plant material?
hooke
Which of the following is the type of bond between molecules of water in a beaker of water?
hydrogen bond.
Assume that one culture is a freshly opened package of dried yeast with 0.1% moisture, another culture is the same yeast with 7.5% moisture, and the third culture is a package of yeast mixed with water. Each culture was exposed to 130°C in a hot-air oven. Which graph in Figure 7.1 most likely shows the yeast with 0.1% moisture?
c
In Figure 6.1 ,which line best depicts an obligate anaerobe in the presence of O2?
c
In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts a psychrophile incubated at room temperature?
c
In Figure 6.2, which section shows a growth phase where the number of cells dying equals the number of cells dividing?
c
In green and purple bacteria, electrons to reduce CO2 come from
co2
Iodophors differ from iodine (I2) in that iodophors
All of these
The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following?
The formation of hypochlorous acid
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
KH2PO4 K+ + H2PO4- - acid
Place the following surfactants in order from the most effective to the least effective antimicrobial activity: 1-Soap; 2-Acid-anionic detergent; 3-Quats.
3, 2, 1
Most bacteria grow best at pH
7
In Figure 7.2, the decimal reduction time (D value) for the culture is approximately
15 min.
Using the information in Table 2.1, calculate the number of moles in 92 grams of ethanol, C2H5OH.
2
Which statements are true? 1-Electron carriers are located at ribosomes. 2-ATP is a common intermediate between catabolic and anabolic pathways. 3-ATP is used for the long-term storage of energy and so is often found in storage granules. 4-Anaerobic organisms are capable of respiration. 5-ATP is generated by the flow of protons across the cell membrane.
2, 4, 5.
Three cells with generation times of 30 minutes are inoculated into a culture medium. How many cells are there after 5 hours?
3 x 210
Thirty-six colonies grew in nutrient agar from 1.0 ml of undiluted sample in a standard plate count. How many cells were in the original sample?
36
Using the information in Table 2.1, calculate the molecular weight of ethanol, C2H5OH.
46
An experiment began with 4 cells and ended with 128 cells. How many generations did the cells go through?
5
In Figure 7.1, what is the thermal death time for culture (a)?
60 min.
The rates of O2 and glucose consumption by a bacterial culture are shown in Figure 5.6. Assume a bacterial culture was grown in a glucose medium without O2. Then O2 was added at the time marked X. The data indicate that
Aerobic metabolism is more efficient than fermentation.
Which of the following substances is NOT effective against nonenveloped viruses?
Alcohol
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Alcohols - open wounds
A nucleated, green cell that moves by means of flagella is a(n)
Alga
Which of the following statements is false?
All fungi are multicellular.
In Figure 6.1, which line best depicts a mesophile with an optimum temperature of incubated at
B
In Figure 6.1, which line best illustrates a mesophile at 5°C above its optimum temperature?
B
In Figure 6.4, in which tube are facultative anaerobes growing?
B
In Table 7.2, which preservative is most effective?
Benzoate
Which of the following substances is NOT used to preserve foods?
Biguanides
Patients with indwelling catheters are susceptible to infections because
Biofilms develop on catheters.
Which of the following will NOT destroy prions?
Boiling
The addition of which of the following to a culture medium will neutralize acids?
Buffers
A strictly fermentative bacterium produces energy
By glycolysis only.
Two glucose molecules are combined to make a maltose molecule. What is the chemical formula for maltose?
C12H22O11
Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave?
Can not be used with heat-liable materials
In Table 7.1, which compound was bactericidal?
Can't tell
In Table 7.1, which compound was the most effective against E. coli?
Can't tell
In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was most effective against Salmonella?
Can't tell
In Figure 7.2, the thermal death point for this culture is
Can't tell from the data provided.
Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave?
Cannot be used with heat-labile materials
Which of the following processes in making blue jeans is incorrectly matched?
Cotton - fungal hyphae
What is the type of bond holding hydrogen and oxygen atoms in the H2O molecule?
Covalent bond
Which graph in Figure 7.3 best depicts the effect of placing the culture at 7°C at time x?
D
Which of the following will NOT inactivate endospores?
High Pressure
Assume you are growing bacteria on a lipid medium that started at pH 7. The action of bacterial lipases should cause the pH of the medium to
Decrease.
Identify the following reaction: Glucose + Fructose Sucrose + Water
Dehydration synthesis reaction
Identify the following reaction: Glycine + Lysine Dipeptide + H2O
Dehydration synthesis reaction
Which of the following is an advantage of the standard plate count?
Determines the number of viable cells
Which of the following is an advantage of the direct microscopic count?
Does not require an incubation time
In Figure 6.4, in which tube are microaerophiles growing?
E
Which of the following substances can sterilize?
Ethylene oxide
The antimicrobial drug imidazole inhibits sterol synthesis. This would most likely interfere with
Eukaryotic plasma membranes.
Identify the following reaction: HCl + NaHCO3 NaCl + H2CO3
Exchange reaction
The following chemical reaction is used to remove chlorine from water. What type of reaction is it? HClO + Na2SO3 Na2SO4 + HCl
Exchange synthesis reaction
Table 6.2 The following data show growth of two bacteria on different media. The data in Table 6.2 indicate that S. aureus is a(n)
Facilitative halophiles
Which group of microorganisms is most likely to spoil a freshwater trout preserved with salt?
Facultative halophiles
Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?
Fungi
A multicellular organism that has chitin cell walls and absorbs organic material is a(n)
Fungus.
Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper?
Gamma Radiation
Starch, dextran, glycogen, and cellulose are polymers of
Glucose
Which of the following is an example of a metabolic activity that could be used to measure microbial growth?
Glucose consumption
Which of the following substances is NOT an oxidizing agent?
Glutaraldehyde
In noncyclic photophosphorylation, O2 is produced from
H2O.
You are observing a cell through a microscope and note that it has no apparent nucleus. You conclude that it most likely
Has a peptidoglycan cell wall.
Which of the following is NOT used to disinfect water?
Heat
A multicellular organism that has a mouth and lives in an animal host is a(n)
Helminth.
What kind of bond is at the arrow in Figure 2.3?
Hydrogen bond
What is the type of bond between the hydrogen of one molecule and the nitrogen of another molecule?
Hydrogen bond.
Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?
Hydrogen peroxide
Identify the following reaction: Lactose + H2O Glucose + Galactose
Hydrolysis reaction
Identify the following reaction: Sucrose + H2O Glucose + Fructose
Hydrolysis reaction.
Which of the following requirements was NOT necessary for Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation?
Identifying bacteria
What is the type of bond between ions in salt?
Ionic bond
Which of the following is the type of bond holding K+ and I- ions in KI?
Ionic bond
Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is false?
It involves glycolysis only.
You are looking at a white cottony growth on a culture medium. Microscopic examination reveals it is multicellular. Which of the following conclusions about this organism is false?
It is a bacterium.
Which of the following statements about beta oxidation is false?
It is a step in glycolysis.
What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration?
It is oxidized in the Krebs cycle.
Which of the following statements about photophosphorylation is false?
It requires CO2.
How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown in Figure 5.3?
It would bind to b.
Who proved that microorganisms cause disease?
Koch
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Koch - aseptic surgery
Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea
Lack peptidoglycan.
Which of the following CANNOT be made by using recombinant DNA technology?
Life.
During which growth phase will gram-positive bacteria be most susceptible to penicillin?
Log Phase
A urease test is used to identify Myobacterium tuberculosis because
M. tuberculosis produces urease.
Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions?
Membrane filtration
Which of the following is NOT a direct method to measure microbial growth?
Metabolic activity
Antacids neutralize acid by the following reaction. Identify the salt. Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2O
MgCl2
Regarding the experiments that "proved" spontaneous generation, which of the following statements is probably true?
Microorganisms were already present.
Which of the following will NOT preserve foods?
Microwaves
In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was bactericidal?
Mortum
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Normal microbiota - harmful
Structurally, ATP is most like which type of molecule?
Nucleic acid
What do genes consist of?
Nucleic acids
Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?
Nucleus
Assume you are working for a chemical company and are responsible for growing a yeast culture that produces ethanol. The yeasts are growing well on the maltose medium but are not producing alcohol. What is the most likely explanation?
O2 is in the medium.
Gallionella bacteria can get energy from the reaction Fe2+ Fe3+. This reaction is an example of
Oxidation.
Desulfovibrio bacteria can perform the following reaction: S6- S2-. These bacteria are
Oxidizing sulfur
Which of the following is NOT necessary for respiration?
Oxygen
Who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation?
Pasteur
Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?
Pasteurization
What kind of bond is at the arrow in Figure 2.4?
Peptide bond
The source of nutrients in nutrient agar is
Peptone and beef extract.
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction: H2O2 + 2H+---> 2H2O?
Peroxidase
Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its energy source?
Photoautotroph - CO2
Cyanobacteria are a type of
Photoautotroph.
Which of the following has bacteriochlorophylls and uses alcohols for carbon?
Photoheterotroph
Assume Saccharomyces cerevisiae is grown in a nutrient medium containing the radioisotope 32P. After a 48-hour incubation, the 32P would most likely be found in the S. cerevisiae's
Plasma membrane.
In Figure 5.8, the structure labeled (1) is
Plasma membrane.
In the name Escherichia coli, coli is the
Specific epithet.
Glutaraldehyde is considered one of the most effective disinfectants for hospital use. Which of the following statements about glutaraldehyde is false?
Stains and corrodes
Which of the following is a scientific name?
Streptococcus pyogenes
How is ATP generated in the reaction shown in Figure 5.4?
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Bone and tendons for transplant are decontaminated by
Supercritical fluids
Which enzyme catalyzes the reaction: O2- + O2- + 2H+ ------------>H2O2 + O2?
Superoxide dismutase
Fatty acids are catabolized in
The Krebs cycle.
Which of the following is the best definition of oxidative phosphorylation?
The energy released as carrier molecules are oxidized is used to generate ATP.
Which of the following is the best definition of generation time?
The length of time needed for a cell to divide
Which of the following statements about insect control by microorganisms is true?
The microorganisms are specific for the insect pest.
Which of the following is the best definition of fermentation?
The oxidation of glucose with organic molecules serving as electron acceptors
Which of the following statements about substrate-level phosphorylation is false?
The oxidation of intermediate metabolic compounds releases energy that is used to generate ATP.
A bacterial culture grown in a glucose-peptide medium causes the pH to increase. The bacteria are most likely
Using the peptides
Which of the following is the best definition of biotechnology?
The use of living organisms to make desired products
Saccharomyces C6H12O6------------------------>2C2H5OH+2CO2 Glucose Ethanol Which of the following is true about this reaction?
This process occurs anaerobically.
pseudomonas NO3- + 2H+---------------------> NO2- + H20 Nitrate ion Nitrite Ion Which of the following is true about this reaction?
This process occurs anaerobically.
E.Coli 2h+ ------------------------------------------> H2O Hydrogen ions Water Which of the following is true about this reaction?
This process required O2.
Acetobacter C2H5OH---------------------------> C2H3OOH Ethanol Acetic Acid Which of the following is true about this reaction?
This process requires O2.
The advantage of the pentose phosphate pathway is that it produces all of the following EXCEPT
Three ATP'S.
What type of reaction is in Figure 5.2?
Transamination
Which of the following is NOT used to determine metabolic activity?
Turbidity
Classification of organisms in the three domains is based on
Type of cell.
Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
Ultraviolet radiation - desiccation
The term facultative anaerobe refers to an organism that
Uses oxygen or grows without oxygen.
An agent that reproduces in cells but is NOT composed of cells and contains RNA as its genetic material is a(n)
Virus.
Which of the following groups include members that lack DNA?
Viruses
Which of the following statements is true?
Viruses cannot reproduce outside a host cell.
Which of the following statements is false?
Water molecules are formed by hydrolysis.
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Weizmann - virology
Figure 6.3 shows three containers of water connected by tubes. A selectively permeable membrane divides each tube. Solutes are added to each container to give final concentrations of 5% NaCl in (a); 10% NaCl in (b); and 5% sucrose in (c). When the experiment is first set up, the initial movement of water will be
a to b; c to b; c to a.
Use Figure 2.2 to answer the following question. Archaea differ from bacteria in the composition of the cell membrane lipids. Archaea have ether-bonded lipids, shown in part ________ of Figure 2.2, and bacteria have ester-bonded lipids, shown in part ________ of Figure 2.2.
b;a
An enzyme, citrate synthase, in the Krebs cycle is inhibited by ATP. This is an example of all of the following EXCEPT
competitive inhibition
Beggiatoa bacteria get energy by oxidizing S2- to S6+. This means they take ________ for their ________.
electrons; electron transport chain
Which are the primary molecules making up plasma membranes in cells?
lipids
Who was the first to observe microorganisms with a microscope?
van Leeuwenhoek
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
van Leeuwenhoek - germ theory