Microbiology Lecture Exam 3

Phagocytosis

Eating Cell Ingestion and destruction of microbes by certain leukocytes

_____________ disease are those that affect many people in a given area during a relatively short period of time (e.g. influenza)

Epidemic

Which one of the following microorganisms is not considered to be a principal component of the skin's normal microbiota?

Escherichia coli

The hantavirus outbreak in Argentina in the mid 1990s was worrisome because for the first time there appeared to be

Evidence of person to person transmission of the virus

Exposure to a pathogenic microorganism will always result in infectious disease.

False

Less than 10% of the world's population lives in areas where malaria is endemic.

False

With todays medical advances, unvaccinated patients typically survive a rabies virus infection.

False

Which one of the following is an example of a communicable disease that is not contagious?

Gonorrhea

The microorganism responsible for the respiratory disease outbreak that occurred in the southwestern US in 1993

Hantavirus

The primary living reservoir of human pathogens:

Humans

Disease transmission via a nonliving object call a fomite:

Indirect contact transmission

Which of the following disease can be spread by droplet transmission?

Influenza

two types of resistance

Innate immunity Specific immunity

The newborn's first contact with microorganisms typically involves ___________, which become the predominant organism in the newborn's intestine

Lactobacilli

Which of the following best describes normal microbiota benefiting the host by preventing overgrowth of harmful bacteria?

Microbial antagonism ( competitive exclusion)

Which of the following is an example of a contagious disease that is not communicable?

None of the above

Innate Immunity

Nonspecific resistance First line of defense second line of defense

3 Types of mechanisms of resistance

Physical barriers removal of microbes destruction of mcirobes

The short period of time during which the early mild symptoms of disease occur.

Prodromal period

Salmonella might be considered a better pathogen than Hantavirus because

Rather than quickly kiling its victims, Salmonella infections are seldom lethal allowing this bactera to survive and replicate for longer periods of time inside the infected organism

Bacterial pneumonia, following a viral upper respiratory tract infection (e.g. a cold), would be referred to as a/an ___________________.

Secondary infection

Because its incubation period is usually long (~30 days), rabies can typically be prevented by post-exposure vaccination.

True

Food that has been contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus can cause foodborne illness even if the food is reheated prior to being eaten.

True

The majority of people have, at some point in their life, have been exposed to HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus - 1).

True

people that harbor pathogens and may transmit them to others without exhibiting any signs of illness are called _____________

carriers

The best place to cough (in an effort to reduce disease transmission):

in your sleevve

First line of defense

intact skin mucous membranes and their secretions normal microbiota

Clostridium tenani produces disease only when it is introduced into the body via abrasions or wounds. Therefore tetanus (Caused by this bacteria) is considered to be a ________ disease

noncommunicable

Microorganisms that ordinarily do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person, but may do so in a different environment are called ___________ pathogens

opportunistic

Resistance

our ability to ward off disease via our defenses

A delicate balance exists between our defenses and the pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms

our defenses prevail- health is maintained pathogen overcomes our defenses- disease occurs

A type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of detriment of another

parasitism

Removal of microbes

penetrate our barriers

Second line of defense

phagocytic white blood cells inflammation fever antimicrobial substances

How pathogenic mechanisms allow virulent microorganisms to resist our defenses

produce capsules/ enzymes or toxins

Destruction of microbes

remain inside our bodies

Physical barrier

remove microbial invasion

third line of defense

specialized lymphocytes B cells and T cells antibodies cytokiness

Etiology is

the cause of disease

Disease and Epidemiology

the interaction of humans and microbes in health and disease

Pathogenesis is

the manner in which disease develops

Pathology is

the scientific study of disease also includes structural and functional changes caused by disease

microbial infections can exist without causing disease

true

Susceptibility

vulnerability or lack of resistance

The microorganism responsible for the plague, which killed more than a quarter of the worlds population in the 14th century?

yersinia Pestis

Pathogenic mechanisms which may allow virulent microbes to resist our defense

all of the above

According to the video, "Dangerous Friends and Friendly Enemies", approximately _____________ different species of microorganisms ca be found living in/on the human body?

600-700

Which one of the following statements is not true regarding EIDs (emerging infectious diseases)

About 10-20% of EIDs are zoonotic

Microbial diseases that can be transmitted by deer ticks:

All of the above

Which of the following factors contribute to the development of nosocomial infections?

All of the above

Which of the following predisposing factors may result in immunosuppression, thus increasing the risk of infection following exposure to a pathogenic microorganism?

All of the above

which one of the following diseases has an unknown etiology?

Alzheimer's disease

If a non-immune person (who has never been infected with any herpes virus) is exposed to an elderly person with shingles, the disease the non-immune person may acquire is __________.

Chickenpox

Diseases that develop slowly, but may be continual or recurrent.

Chronic Diseases

Which one of the following microorganisms is a common cause of gastrointestinal infections following antibiotic therapy?

Clostridium difficile

An infectious disease is

any change from state of health which may be due to an infection

Specific immunity

acquired protection against specific pathogens third line of defense

toxic substances produced by some bacteria that inhibit the growth of closely related species of competing bacteria

bacterioncins

Subjective (inapparent) changes in body function that occur as a result of a disease

disease symptoms

How does our internal body protect us from pathogenic microbes

external barriers- unbroken skins and mucus membranes internal defense mechanisms with specialized cells and cell product that destroy microorganisms

in utero (in womb) animals are typically colonized by a few million microorganisms

false