Microbiology Lecture Exam 3
Phagocytosis
Eating Cell Ingestion and destruction of microbes by certain leukocytes
_____________ disease are those that affect many people in a given area during a relatively short period of time (e.g. influenza)
Epidemic
Which one of the following microorganisms is not considered to be a principal component of the skin's normal microbiota?
Escherichia coli
The hantavirus outbreak in Argentina in the mid 1990s was worrisome because for the first time there appeared to be
Evidence of person to person transmission of the virus
Exposure to a pathogenic microorganism will always result in infectious disease.
False
Less than 10% of the world's population lives in areas where malaria is endemic.
False
With todays medical advances, unvaccinated patients typically survive a rabies virus infection.
False
Which one of the following is an example of a communicable disease that is not contagious?
Gonorrhea
The microorganism responsible for the respiratory disease outbreak that occurred in the southwestern US in 1993
Hantavirus
The primary living reservoir of human pathogens:
Humans
Disease transmission via a nonliving object call a fomite:
Indirect contact transmission
Which of the following disease can be spread by droplet transmission?
Influenza
two types of resistance
Innate immunity Specific immunity
The newborn's first contact with microorganisms typically involves ___________, which become the predominant organism in the newborn's intestine
Lactobacilli
Which of the following best describes normal microbiota benefiting the host by preventing overgrowth of harmful bacteria?
Microbial antagonism ( competitive exclusion)
Which of the following is an example of a contagious disease that is not communicable?
None of the above
Innate Immunity
Nonspecific resistance First line of defense second line of defense
3 Types of mechanisms of resistance
Physical barriers removal of microbes destruction of mcirobes
The short period of time during which the early mild symptoms of disease occur.
Prodromal period
Salmonella might be considered a better pathogen than Hantavirus because
Rather than quickly kiling its victims, Salmonella infections are seldom lethal allowing this bactera to survive and replicate for longer periods of time inside the infected organism
Bacterial pneumonia, following a viral upper respiratory tract infection (e.g. a cold), would be referred to as a/an ___________________.
Secondary infection
Because its incubation period is usually long (~30 days), rabies can typically be prevented by post-exposure vaccination.
True
Food that has been contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus can cause foodborne illness even if the food is reheated prior to being eaten.
True
The majority of people have, at some point in their life, have been exposed to HSV-1 (Herpes Simplex Virus - 1).
True
people that harbor pathogens and may transmit them to others without exhibiting any signs of illness are called _____________
carriers
The best place to cough (in an effort to reduce disease transmission):
in your sleevve
First line of defense
intact skin mucous membranes and their secretions normal microbiota
Clostridium tenani produces disease only when it is introduced into the body via abrasions or wounds. Therefore tetanus (Caused by this bacteria) is considered to be a ________ disease
noncommunicable
Microorganisms that ordinarily do not cause disease in their normal habitat in a healthy person, but may do so in a different environment are called ___________ pathogens
opportunistic
Resistance
our ability to ward off disease via our defenses
A delicate balance exists between our defenses and the pathogenic mechanisms of microorganisms
our defenses prevail- health is maintained pathogen overcomes our defenses- disease occurs
A type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of detriment of another
parasitism
Removal of microbes
penetrate our barriers
Second line of defense
phagocytic white blood cells inflammation fever antimicrobial substances
How pathogenic mechanisms allow virulent microorganisms to resist our defenses
produce capsules/ enzymes or toxins
Destruction of microbes
remain inside our bodies
Physical barrier
remove microbial invasion
third line of defense
specialized lymphocytes B cells and T cells antibodies cytokiness
Etiology is
the cause of disease
Disease and Epidemiology
the interaction of humans and microbes in health and disease
Pathogenesis is
the manner in which disease develops
Pathology is
the scientific study of disease also includes structural and functional changes caused by disease
microbial infections can exist without causing disease
true
Susceptibility
vulnerability or lack of resistance
The microorganism responsible for the plague, which killed more than a quarter of the worlds population in the 14th century?
yersinia Pestis
Pathogenic mechanisms which may allow virulent microbes to resist our defense
all of the above
According to the video, "Dangerous Friends and Friendly Enemies", approximately _____________ different species of microorganisms ca be found living in/on the human body?
600-700
Which one of the following statements is not true regarding EIDs (emerging infectious diseases)
About 10-20% of EIDs are zoonotic
Microbial diseases that can be transmitted by deer ticks:
All of the above
Which of the following factors contribute to the development of nosocomial infections?
All of the above
Which of the following predisposing factors may result in immunosuppression, thus increasing the risk of infection following exposure to a pathogenic microorganism?
All of the above
which one of the following diseases has an unknown etiology?
Alzheimer's disease
If a non-immune person (who has never been infected with any herpes virus) is exposed to an elderly person with shingles, the disease the non-immune person may acquire is __________.
Chickenpox
Diseases that develop slowly, but may be continual or recurrent.
Chronic Diseases
Which one of the following microorganisms is a common cause of gastrointestinal infections following antibiotic therapy?
Clostridium difficile
An infectious disease is
any change from state of health which may be due to an infection
Specific immunity
acquired protection against specific pathogens third line of defense
toxic substances produced by some bacteria that inhibit the growth of closely related species of competing bacteria
bacterioncins
Subjective (inapparent) changes in body function that occur as a result of a disease
disease symptoms
How does our internal body protect us from pathogenic microbes
external barriers- unbroken skins and mucus membranes internal defense mechanisms with specialized cells and cell product that destroy microorganisms
in utero (in womb) animals are typically colonized by a few million microorganisms
false