Midterm 3 Practice

Which is commonly associated with only X-linked dominant traits?

Affected sons always have affected mothers

Low heart rate and freckles are both dominant traits. What are the chances that a sperm donor who is homozygous for low heart rate and heterozygous for freckles and an egg donor that is heterozygous for low heart rate and lacks freckles will have a child that has a low heart rate and no freckles?

1/2

Two individuals have the genotypes of AabbDd and aaBbdd. What is the likelihood that they will have an offspring that is aabbdd if these genes are not linked?

1/8

What are the chances that the progeny of this simple Mendelian genetics cross AABbCc x AabbCc will be fully homozygous for all unlinked 3 genes?

1/8

What is a benefit of vector-based vaccines over inactivated vaccines?

A live virus produces a stronger immune response

As described in lecture, a dog that is EE bb for coat color is:

Activating a transcription factor for a transporter

PCSK9 is a molecule made by liver cells that degrades LDL receptors. It normally only occasionally removes the receptors, but patients with a mutation have overactive PCSK9, reduced LDL receptors, and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). A new treatment called Evolucmab is a monoclonal antibody against PCSK9. Which is most likely true about Evolucmab?

Any benefit will end when treatment stops

Which type of virus is most likely to degrade the host chromosome(s)

Bacteriophage in lytic cycle

What is one similarity between reverse transcriptase (RT) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase known as replicase:

Both RT and replicase can use RNA as a template

As described in lecture, dog that is EE Bb for coat color is:

Demonstrating simple dominance of the melanin transporter

An egg donor who is blood type A has a daughter who is type O and a son who is type B. Which of the following is a possible genotype for the egg donor?

IA i

One way an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) could facilitate depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane is by

Increasing the permeability of the membrane to Na+

Which of the following insect methods of sex determination matches the human method?

Male Heterogamety

Which is an example of organogenesis?

Neurulation

The following figure shows the results of a vaccine Phase 3 trial of 43,000 participants. The y axis shows the incidence of infection among those in the trial. Why do the lines diverge at Day 10?

Plasma cells become active

Select the gene LEAST likely to be in the genome of a retrovirus

RNA polymerase

Unlike cell differentiation, morphogenesis:

Requires cell movement and paracrine signaling

Which of the following might cause prolonged excitation of a muscle cell?

Slow closing of the voltage gated-sodium channel

Spatial summation to reach threshold involves

Synapses at more than one site

Which is commonly linked with X-linked recessive traits?

Traits are never passed from father to son

Natural predators of venomous scorpions have evolved a modified ion channel in pain neurons and a reduced pain response. The pain response would be reduced if the toxin caused:

Voltage gated sodium channels to stay closed

Nanos functions similarly to bicoid, but in the posterior end of the Drosophila embryo. According to this figure, which gene is not expressed because of the presence of nanos protein?

hunchback

During and after an action potential, the Na+/K+ pump

pumps Na+ and K+ using ATP as normal

After an action potential depolarizes a neuron, the neuron is repolarized by

the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels