MIDTERM ANATOMY

A muscle that passes on the lateral side of a joint produces

Abduction

Simple squamous cells facilitate

Absorption and filtration

The rotator cuff muscles stabilize the shoulder. They are necessary because skeletally, the arm's only attachment to the trunk is between the WHAT and the WHAT at the WHAT

Acromion, clavicle, acromiocalvicular joint

A muscle that passes on the medial side of a joint produces

Adduction

The abdominopelvic cavity is WHAT to the spinal cavity

Anterior

The face and palms are WHAT to the body surface

Anterior

Transitional epithelium is found

Bladder lining

Bone cells support

Bone

Symptoms of osteoporosis

Bone pain, tenderness, weakened and brittle bones

What happens when bones resorption outpaces bone deposition?

Bones can weaken and break

Right iliac region contains

Cecum

You place your hands on your patient's abdomen just below the right costal margin at the midclavicular line. You ask your patient to take a deep breath in as you firmly press on the abdomen. If your patient experiences pain from this action, the most likely diagnosis is

Cholecystitis (disease of the GB)

The shoulder girdle's only attachment with the axial skeleton is between the WHAT and WHAT

Clavicle, manubrium

A broad type of tissue, including bone, cartilage, and blood

Connective tissue

The unilateral action of the SCM produces WHAT rotation of the head

Contralateral

Divides the body into a front and back

Coronal plane

The vastus intermedius is what to the rectus femoris

Deep

The elbow is WHAT to the shoulder

Distal

The knee is what to the hip

Distal

Body cavity closer to the back of the body

Dorsal

Exocrine glands possess WHAT into which their products are secreted?

Ducts

Generally found linking structures and cavities

Epithelial tissue

A muscle that passes on the posterior side of a joint produces

Extension

A muscle that passes on the anterior side of a joint produces

Flexion

The bilateral action of the SCM produces WHAT of the head

Flexion

Simple columnar epithelium is found

Gallbladder

Examples of exocrine gland ducts

Goblet cells and mammary glands

The muscles primarily responsible for knee flexion

Hamstrings

All rotator cuff muscles attach to

Head of the humerus

Bone that serves as an attachment point for the tongue and does not articulate with any other bone

Hyoid

The abdominopelvic cavity is WHAT to the thoracic cavity

Inferior

The extensor digitorum longus is what to the tensor fascia lata

Inferior

The unilateral action of the SCM produces WHAT flexion of the head

Ipsilateral

Epithelial cells important for production of the outer layer of the skin

Keratinocyte

How does Vitamin D synthesis happen?

Keratinocytes in the epidermis absorb UV radiation and produce vitamin D

Parietal bones meet occipital bones at

Lambdoid suture

The Tibialis anterior is what to the tibia

Lateral

Stratified squamous epithelium is foiund

Lining of esophagus

Simple squamous epithelium is found

Lining of the heart

Stratified cuboidal epithelium is found

Mammary glands

Responsible for skin's pigment

Melanocyte

detect touch stimuli and transmit these signals to sensory nerves

Merkel cells

The dermis is what layer of the skin

Middle

Divides the body vertically into equal right and left sides

Midsagittal plane

An important tissue for locomotion, includes three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Muscular tissue

An important tissue for communication in the body that relies on electrical signalling

Nervous tissue

Epithelial cells protect

Organs

Which bone cells are responsible for synthesizing new bone matrix?

Osteoblasts

Which bone cells break down bone material?

Osteoclasts

Which bone cells maintain the bone matrix around them?

Osteocytes

What is the function unit of compact bone?

Osteons

simple cuboidal epithelium is found

Ovary surface

Blood cells carry

Oxygen

Bones that compose the orbit

Palatine, zygomatic, frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, ethmoid, maxillae

What glands are responsible for secreting hormones to maintain calcium homeostasis?

Parathyroid gland

The layer of serous membrane that lines the walls of the body cavity

Parietal

Stratified squamous cells tend to

Protect underlying tissues from abrasion

The fused muscles of the pelvic girdle that attach the lower body to the trunk and are responsible for hip flexion

Psoas major, Psoas minor, Iliacus

The muscles primarily responsible for knee extension

Quadriceps

Sex cells enable

Reproduction

Right Hypochrondriac region contains

Right lobe of liver, gallbladder

LLQ organs

SI, LI, left ureter, left ovary/tube/ left spermatic cord

Divides the body vertically into right and left sides

Sagittal

A sideways lateral curvature of the spine that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty

Scoliosis

Produces oil, generally found around hair cells

Sebaceous gland

Nerve cells transmit

Signals

Stratified columnar epithelium

Small amounts in male urethra

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is found

Sperm carrying ducts

Difference between spongy and compact bone

Spongy bone is less dense, weaker, lighter, more flexible with a greater surface area

The 2 heads of the Sternocleidomastoid

Sternal and mastoid

Epigastric region contains

Stomach

The gastrocnemius is what to the soleus

Superficial

The top of the head is the most WHAT part of the body

Superior

Important for cooling the body

Sweat gland

Which body cavity afford the least protection of its internal structures?

The abdominal cavity

Muscle cells move

The body

Example of endocrine gland

Thyroid

1. Platelets from torn vessels form a mesh-like clot that prevents blood loss 2. Inflammation occurs in the area as tissue repair begins 3. Mast cells release histamine that dilates blood vessels and increases blood flow to the repair site, further promoting clot formation 4. Neutrophils and macrophages consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris 5. Fibroblasts build new tissue by secreting collagen that takes the shape of the original tissue 6. The tissue created by fibroblasts matures and regains its normal function

Tissue repair

Articulate anteriorly with the sternum via costal cartilages

True ribs

Body cavity towards the front or belly

Ventral

The vastus lateralis is what to the semitendinosus

Ventral

The Layer of the serous membrane covers the organs

Visceral

Hypogastric region contains

appendix, urinary bladder

Right lumbar region contains

ascending colon of large intestine

ABCDEs of melanoma

asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolution

Divides the body into a top and bottom

axial (transverse) plane

RLQ organs

cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord, intestines

The frontal bone meets the parietal bones at the

coronal suture

Left lumbar region contains

descending colon of large intestine

Muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity

diaphragm

Left hypochondriac region contains

diaphragm, spleen

Left iliac region

initial part of sigmoid colon

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into

interstitial fluid or bloodstream

RUQ organs

liver, gallbladder, right kidney, duodenum, large intestine, small intestine

The heart is WHAT to the lungs

medial

The buttocks and shoulder blades are on the

posterior body surface

The elbow is WHAT to the fingers

proximal

Parietal bones are separated by the

sagittal suture

LUQ organs

stomach, spleen, pancreas, large/small intestines, left kidney

Umbilical region contains

transverse colon of large intestine, small intestine