Midterm Exam

The main purpose of the Buddy System is to help a new student learn general school routines academic English terms the Pledge of Allegiance written language rules

general school routines

Which of the following does NOT apply to academic language? language used in school subjects such as science, history, and math language that conveys abstract, dense and complex concepts language needed to build student confidence as academic learners specialized vocabulary and technical terms according to subject matter

language needed to build student confidence as academic learners

Comprehensible input refers to students' comprehension of grammatical forms of their new language language used in ways that make it understandable to English learners language used for day-to-day classroom organization and management students' comprehension of the social rules of classroom language use

language used in ways that make it understandable to English learners

Semantics is the study of how politeness is expressed in language how present participles affect meaning how phonemes are represented by the alphabet linguistic meaning, including vocabulary

linguistic meaning, including vocabulary

The terms pragmatics, semantics, phonology, morphology, and syntax are referred to as language acquisition theories linguistic subsystems language functions sociolinguistic theories

linguistic subsystems

One of the most important considerations when using the Internet and other technologies in the classroom is making sure students us the technology safely and ethically censoring all of the work students do on the Internet helping students know the difference between Web 1.0 and 2.0 making sure all students are familiar with the technology

making sure students us the technology safely and ethically

Which of the following is not a policy trend affecting the education of English learners? mandates requiring the exclusive use of English for academic instruction the use of academic standards in mathematics and English language arts negative sanctions for schools and teachers when test scores are low high stakes testing that measures how well standards are being met

mandates requiring the exclusive use of English for academic instruction

Cultural rules govern sociolinguistic interactions in all EXCEPT knowing how long to wait between conversational turns knowing when to speak and when to remain silent determining who has the right to initiate a conversation memorizing lines to prepare for a theatrical production

memorizing lines to prepare for a theatrical production

Definitions of new literacies share all of the following assumptions EXCEPT new literacies are central to full participation in a global community new literacies are primarily about using tablets and smart phones new literacies regularly change as their defining technologies change new skills, strategies and dispositions and social practices are required by new technologies for information and communication

new literacies are primarily about using tablets and smart phones

Which of the following statements best describes assumptions underlying the new literacies? new literacies require new skills, strategies, dispositions, and social practices new literacies require essentially the same skills as reading and writing traditional print new literacies require entirely different skills from those used for traditional literacy new literacies require different perceptual motor skills from traditional print literacy

new literacies require new skills, strategies, dispositions, and social practices

English language learners might best be described as students who speak Spanish as their home language students who speak English as a non-native language students who come from diverse backgrounds and cultures students who come from a foreign country

students who speak English as a non-native language

Interlanguage refers to a learner's pronunciation in their second language the use of English as an international language a learner's developmental features in a second language private language used within an ethnic group

a learner's developmental features in a second language

WEB 1.0 refers to any reading on the Internet any activity including reading that involves us in gathering information a one way use of technology similar to reading an encyclopedia where we read to get information an interactive use of technology where we interact with others

a one way use of technology similar to reading an encyclopedia where we read to get information

For English learners, differentiated instruction takes into consideration all EXCEPT proficiency in oral and written use of the primary language ability to recite poems and riddles in English reasonably well prior educational experiences in other schools and countries English proficiency based on classroom performance and tests

ability to recite poems and riddles in English reasonably well

The Common Core State Standards in Language Arts are intended to do all EXCEPT require teaching non-fiction texts from kindergarten on accommodate various English language proficiency levels address listening, speaking, reading and writing in English form a logical progression of learning across grades K-12

accommodate various English language proficiency levels

WEB 2.0 refers to any activity including reading that involves us in gathering information an interactive use of technology where we interact with others any reading on the Internet a one way use of technology similar to reading an encyclopedia where we read to get information

an interactive use of technology where we interact with others

Which of the following does NOT describe a feature of effective assessment? based solely upon curriculum standards established for native English speakers accommodates the diversity of students' cultural, linguistic, and special needs tied directly to and faithfully reflective of your instructional goals based on observations of students as they engage in authentic learning tasks

based solely upon curriculum standards established for native English speakers

Differentiated instruction requires assessment of student participation and learning in time for parent-teacher conferences in consultation with the principal before, during, and after instruction at the beginning and end of the school year

before, during, and after instruction

In which theory of language acquisition does the social environment play the main role? interactionist theory SPAM theory behaviorist theory innatist theory

behaviorist theory

Cultural differences with regard to "space" relate to all EXCEPT beliefs about the distance between planets in the night sky how far apart people should stand when speaking significance of cardinal directions: north, south, east, west the spatial organization and orientation of the home

beliefs about the distance between planets in the night sky

Teachers who follow the behaviorist theory of language acquisition don't believe in correcting errors because it might damage student self-esteem believe in correcting student errors immediately to avoid bad habits believe students will acquire correct forms naturally as meaning is negotiated believe students will correct their own errors over time

believe in correcting student errors immediately to avoid bad habits

Alignment of general curriculum standards with English language proficiency standards is described by all EXCEPT helps teachers plan lessons that promote EL's access to the core curriculum has been carried out by individual states as well as by consortia of states calls attention to the socioeconomic and cultural diversity in the state is essential for teachers whose students are learning English as a new language

calls attention to the socioeconomic and cultural diversity in the state

According to the interactionist theory of language acquisition caregivers play a minor role in supporting a child's language acquisition caregivers play a critical role by adjusting language to young children imitation plays a major role in a child's language acquisition children acquire language even if they have no interaction with caregivers

caregivers play a critical role by adjusting language to young children

From an innatist perspective children produce complex sentences their caregivers use are unable to use grammar to form their utterances create speech without input from their peers construct grammar through a process of hypothesis testing

construct grammar through a process of hypothesis testing

Each of the following represents sheltered instruction EXCEPT students are provided access to the core curriculum content portrays the perspective of the dominant culture students have time and opportunity to understand and learn content is grade appropriate and cognitively demanding

content portrays the perspective of the dominant culture

Cornerstones of Sheltered English instruction or SDAIE include all EXCEPT content should be somewhat watered down for English learners instruction should offer access to grade level, cognitively demanding curriculum special strategies should be used to make instruction understandable instruction should include multiple verbal and non-verbal cues to meaning

content should be somewhat watered down for English learners

An excellent way to integrate a new English learner into your classroom is to create a social atmosphere that honors newcomers study foods and holidays from their country study subjects that will be easy for the student make sure the student works in academic groups

create a social atmosphere that honors newcomers

Thematic instruction is recommended for English learners because it offers teachers an easy way to organize learning for students creates a meaningful framework that makes connections clear relies on direct instruction of programmed material in English works for English learners but not for native English speakers

creates a meaningful framework that makes connections clear

One of the best ways readers can stay focused online is to keep track of headings and subheadings online write essays as soon as they have completed reading summarize short sections of their reading regularly develop clearly defined questions for their reading

develop clearly defined questions for their reading

Differentiated instruction aims to do all EXCEPT provide a balance of cooperative and independent learning experiences establish learning groups using results of previous year's standardized tests permit students to demonstrate learning through their modality of strength build on each student's strengths while addressing assessed learning needs

establish learning groups using results of previous year's standardized tests

Which of the following is NOT a feature of sheltered/SDAIE instruction? limited use of idiomatic expressions defining new words in a meaningful context exclusive use of student's home language paraphrasing complex forms of expression

exclusive use of student's home language

Each of the following helps students acquire and use academic language EXCEPT teaching important vocabulary and technical terms demonstrating how academic text structures function explaining to parents the importance of academics building background knowledge on the topic of study

explaining to parents the importance of academics

Chomsky's innatist view of language acquisition has been criticized because it focuses primarily on language learning in the preschool years suggests that infants are passive receivers of maternal language posits imitation as the main variable in child language acquisition fails to account for ways mothers help infants acquire language

fails to account for ways mothers help infants acquire language

All of the following represent aspects of culture EXCEPT values and rules for discipline, punctuality, and showing respect family structures, life cycles, and behavioral expectations family list of movies and television programs watched foods, health remedies, and hygiene practices

family list of movies and television programs watched

With online reading and learning it is even more important to focus on a purpose or question focus on each hyperlink focus on all the data collected focus on summarizing all the data

focus on a purpose or question

When students work together in groups to accomplish a specific task, individuals get many opportunities to use their new language in a low-anxiety situation find ways to avoid being called on by the teacher due to fear of failure become dependent on other students to carry out the assignment correctly compete with other group members to show off their knowledge and skill

get many opportunities to use their new language in a low-anxiety situation

Scavenger hunts can be used by grades 7-12 only mainly middle school students not grades 1-3 grades 1-12

grades 1-12

Compared to traditional print, all of the following are demanded by Internet reading EXCEPT greater cognitive involvement greater self-determination greater tolerance of errors greater critical thinking

greater tolerance of errors

Participation structures in the classroom relate to a balance between large and small groups for academic instruction grouping formats, membership, and corresponding rules for talking and listening student motivation and participation according to group size and membership student involvement and participation in activities outside the classroom

grouping formats, membership, and corresponding rules for talking and listening

Krashen's second language acquisition theories have been influential in promoting language teaching practices that focus on all EXCEPT creating a low-anxiety environment grouping students by home language allowing students a silent period communication first and foremost

grouping students by home language

All of the following help you learn about your students EXCEPT have students write and illustrate an autobiography with student input, create a unit on family origins have students to prepare and deliver a speech in English have students keep a dialogue journal to which you respond

have students to prepare and deliver a speech in English

Language acquisition refers to how children and others acquire language how we use language in social situations how children interact with their caregivers how students use language in our classrooms

how children and others acquire language

SDAIE or Sheltered Instruction is most appropriate for teaching academic content to newcomer English learners intermediate English learners non-English speakers native English speakers

intermediate English learners

Online reading differs from traditional reading because it requires readers to interpret additional aural, visual, and verbal cues monitor their comprehension while they are reading synthesize information culled from their reading interpret and make conclusions about their reading

interpret additional aural, visual, and verbal cues

Which of the following would NOT be part of a multidimensional approach to assessment? criterion-referenced tests that teachers give after a thematic unit a teacher's observation notes of students performance during classroom work norming procedures for standardized tests required by the school district work samples that students collect over time and keep in a portfolio

norming procedures for standardized tests required by the school district

Cooperative learning methods are characterized by all the following EXCEPT aim to create mutual interdependence and group solidarity within groups are structured with specific social and academic learning objectives in mind group students with varied language, academic, social and personality traits offer English learners the choice whether or not to take part in group work

offer English learners the choice whether or not to take part in group work

All of the following Internet capabilities scaffold English comprehension EXCEPT information on the topic in the student's second language optional re-play of information provided in oral English pictures, photos, and graphs that convey lesson information hyperlinks to scientific articles written in academic English

optional re-play of information provided in oral English

One of the main problems with behaviorist theories of language acquisition is that they do not account for words learned from other children acquisition of simple nouns caregiver influences on children's speech overgeneralizations children make

overgeneralizations children make

No Child Left Behind prohibits primary language instruction promotes primary language instruction permits primary language instruction funds primary language instruction

permits primary language instruction

Getting to know the English learners in your classroom is supported by all the following EXCEPT become aware of basic features of the student's home culture place new students in the back row and observe how they respond find out about the language or languages spoken in the student's home send home a language use survey for parents to fill out.

place new students in the back row and observe how they respond

When evaluating Websites students need to check all of the following EXCEPT reliability bias and stance practicality accuracy

practicality

Each SDAIE lesson should contain all EXCEPT primary language objectives English language objectives academic content objectives social/affective objectives

primary language objectives

Dual language or "two-way immersion" programs have proven successful in mobilizing community resources and bake sales to augment school budget shortfalls promoting bilingualism and biliteracy for native and non-native English speakers segregating students into primary language groups for instruction in grades K-3 providing English language classes for parents of English learners in the program

promoting bilingualism and biliteracy for native and non-native English speakers

The CCSS for literacy in history/social studies, science and technical subjects focus on using narrative fiction and poetry in academic content areas replacing content area standards in academic subjects preparing secondary students for advanced placement courses reading and writing in academic content areas in grades 6-12

reading and writing in academic content areas in grades 6-12

Each of the following describes the National Assessment of Education Progress (NAEP) EXCEPT? permits comparison of student achievement across states in grades 4, 8, and 12 is a large scale, national assessment program in reading, writing and math was established in 1983 as a result of the federal report, a nation at risk replaces language arts and math assessments of the common core state standards

replaces language arts and math assessments of the common core state standards

A positive outcome of No Child Left Behind is the requirement to mandate that all students achieve academic proficiency within 12 years regardless of prior educational opportunities in the U.S. or their home countries report test scores for subgroups based on poverty, race, ethnicity, disability, and limited English proficiency create extreme text anxiety among students due to awareness that their performance will affect their teacher's employment implement punitive measures for low-performing schools, such as transferring teachers and principals to other schools

report test scores for subgroups based on poverty, race, ethnicity, disability, and limited English proficiency

Important features of effective English learner programs include all EXCEPT restrictions on the use of the primary language for learning purposes an open and respectful school culture that embraces the diversity of its students teaching strategies to promote both oral and written English language development specialized instruction that promotes comprehension and learning of academic content

restrictions on the use of the primary language for learning purposes

Internet literacy brings to the forefront all of the following skills EXCEPT using aesthetic reading over efferent reading to gain information critically evaluating content and re-constructing information setting a purpose and reading for meaning to address purpose monitoring comprehension and using strategies to elaborate

setting a purpose and reading for meaning to address purpose

The strongest predictor of group performance on standardized achievement tests is the ethnicity of the person administering the test socioeconomic status of the test-takers number of students taking the test amount of training on test-taking skills

socioeconomic status of the test-takers

A general definition of scaffolding as relates to learning and instruction is permanent support provided for all learners especially during group work temporary support enabling task completion at a higher level that if done alone special techniques and materials that enable students to build models of molecules academic support for a student that enables them to qualify for university

special techniques and materials that enable students to build models of molecules

Informal assessments include all of the following EXCEPT teachers anecdotal observations standardized tests teacher checklists student work samples in portfolios

standardized tests

With the amount and varied quality of information on the Internet, it is important that teachers rewrite student essays to reflect a critical stance schools provide four computers for each group of 20 students students work in groups that to cover all information found students apply critical thinking skills to evaluate their findings

students apply critical thinking skills to evaluate their findings

All of the following are foundational to effective teaching EXCEPT students take active control over the learning process students memorize all the pertinent ideas in a unit the teacher integrates factual knowledge with conceptual frameworks students engage their prior understandings and knowledge

students memorize all the pertinent ideas in a unit

Using the home language for instruction promotes all EXCEPT the ability to use cognates when reading English texts positive feelings toward the value of the home language the ability to communicate with monolingual family members opportunities to learn grade appropriate, academic content

the ability to use cognates when reading English texts

Behaviorists studying language mainly focus on verbal behaviors based on the child's language acquisition device the child's development of syntax as used in day-to-day speech acts the child's verbal behaviors as responses to stimuli in the environment conversations between the child and caregiver, including caregiver speech

the child's verbal behaviors as responses to stimuli in the environment

Krashen's theory of second language acquisition probably is closest to the interactionist theory the compact theory the innatist theory the behaviorist theory

the innatist theory

Each of the following represents one of Krashen's five hypotheses EXCEPT the affective filter hypothesis the monitor hypothesis the acquisition-learning hypothesis the motivation hypothesis

the motivation hypothesis

The multiliteracies perspective emphasizes the idea that there are many different kinds of literacies beyond textbooks and other traditional classroom materials the proliferation of new technologies, but also of linguistic and cultural diversity locally and globally the use of various textbooks, technologies and other areas such as blogs, videos, and podcasts in classrooms the use of technology in every classroom and students using the Internet and other technologies every day

the proliferation of new technologies, but also of linguistic and cultural diversity locally and globally

If a home language survey indicates a language other than English is used in the home, then federal law requires that the student be placed in a bilingual education program the student must be tested to determine proficiency in oral and written English the student is tested twice in English proficiency to assure validity of results the student must be placed in a newcomer program that serves English learners

the student must be tested to determine proficiency in oral and written English

The term New Literacies refers to the use of the Internet and other technologies for learning students exploring the Internet any kind of learning involving the use of tablets any classroom use that goes beyond using textbooks

the use of the Internet and other technologies for learning

The political influence of language is illustrated by the widespread use of Latin for scholarly purposes in 1492 the uniting of Spain and Portugal under the Catholic Kings the worldwide proliferation of the Spanish language after 1492 the discovery of classical Greek scientific theories in 1492

the worldwide proliferation of the Spanish language after 1492

Assessment of English learners serves all the following EXCEPT to determine whether the student is ready to exit a language support program to identify and place students who qualify for language support programs to document a student's academic progress and English language development to encourage exclusive use of English in language support programs

to encourage exclusive use of English in language support programs

"Communicative competence" is often used instead of "language proficiency" for all EXCEPT to focus on how pronunciation affects communication to show how speakers choose wording to suit their communicative purpose to describe how people communicate with one another in particular social situations to emphasize not only grammatical forms but also language functions and social conventions of language use

to focus on how pronunciation affects communication

Internet reading can scaffold reading through all of the following EXCEPT dramatizations use of complex sentence structures pictures using non-verbal cues

use of complex sentence structures

Which of the following is NOT a general goal when working with English learners social-affective adjustment English language development, oral and written using only English academic content learning

using only English

Which of the following descriptions does NOT apply to literacy scaffolds prepare students to demonstrate achievement on standardized reading tests provide a model for understanding and producing particular written language patterns used with meaningful, whole texts such as stories, poems, reports, and recipes utilize language and discourse patterns that repeat and are therefore predictable

utilize language and discourse patterns that repeat and are therefore predictable

Traditional literacy uses in a child's home directly influence whether a student will enjoy school and go on to college value reading and writing learn to read in your classroom achieve success in learning English

value reading and writing

When differentiating lessons teachers need to keep in all of the following EXCEPT What personality traits and social skills does the student bring relevant to the activity how much oral English is needed to participate in the lesson what prior knowledge does the student bring to the activity or task what grammatical terms are being used in the lesson that students need to know

what grammatical terms are being used in the lesson that students need to know

A dialect attains status as the "standard language" when the army defeats the navy when slang is purged from its lexicon when those in power use it in public when it becomes grammatically correct

when those in power use it in public

All of the following are requirements for competent Internet reading EXCEPT setting a purpose or asking a question critically evaluating content and sources on the Internet reading for meaning to address a purpose or question writing down everything that is read to evaluate later

writing down everything that is read to evaluate later