Midterm Exam Practice Questions N41

A population health nurse is researching evidence-based strategies for decreasing pollution caused by industrial waste. Which of the following does the nurse identify as a reason to use a Cochrane review as a resource to obtain information? a. Cochrane is administered by the CDC. b. Cochrane addresses the nation's security level. c. Cochrane uses 17 specific intervention topics to guide practice. e. Cochrane contains systematic reviews of synthesized evidence.

e. Cochrane contains systematic reviews of synthesized evidence. The nurse should identify that Cochrane systematic reviews assist health care providers with decision-making to improve the health of individuals, families, and communities.

41. A school nurse is reviewing the records of four students who are returning to school after being diagnosed with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Coordinate an immunization clinic at the school. Recommend prophylactic treatment for classmates. Report the cases of MRSA to child protective services. Provide education about MRSA throughout the school system.

Provide education about MRSA throughout the school system. The nurse should provide education about hand hygiene and self-care to help prevent the spread of MRSA throughout the school and community.

42. A nurse in a rural community is planning education for a young adult client who is a migrant farm worker. Which of the following actions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) Provide environmental health information. Refer the client for a tuberculosis screening. Provide skin cancer information. Recommend a dental health screening. Provide forms to apply for Medicare.

Provide environmental health information is correct. Migrant farm workers are at risk for exposure to pesticides and other hazardous materials that could be harmful. Therefore, the nurse should include environmental health information in the client's education. Refer the client for a tuberculosis screening is correct. Rates of tuberculosis are estimated to be higher among migrant farm workers due to crowded living conditions and substandard housing. Therefore, the nurse should include a tuberculosis screening in the client's education. Provide skin cancer information is correct. Due to working outdoors, skin cancer is a health risk for migrant farm workers. Therefore, the nurse should include information about skin cancer in the client's education. Recommend a dental health screening is correct. Dental problems are a primary health risk for migrant farm workers. Therefore, the nurse should include information about dental health in the client's education. Provide forms to apply for Medicare is incorrect. To be eligible for Medicare, individuals must meet an age requirement or be permanently disabled. Therefore, the nurse should not include Medicare information in the client's education.

19. A community health nurse is planning a health education program for adults. The nurse should plan to take which of the following actions during the program? Use medical terminology throughout the presentation. Provide take-home materials written at a 6th-grade level. Extend the presentation to include as much information as possible. Avoid the use of technology to display images and videos.

Provide take-home materials written at a 6th-grade level. The American Medical Association and the National Institutes of Health recommend that take-home documents are written at a 6th- to 8th-grade level or lower to promote client understanding of the provided material.

9. A school nurse is conducting hearing screening procedures in an elementary school. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide when performing the Rinne test? "After I place the tuning fork on your scalp, tell me if you hear the sound better in one ear or the same in both ears." "Use your finger to close one ear while I whisper some numbers into your other ear." "After I place this tuning fork behind your ear, tell me when you no longer hear the sound." "You'll wear headphones and press the button when you hear a sound."

"After I place this tuning fork behind your ear, tell me when you no longer hear the sound." This is the appropriate instruction for a Rinne test, a hearing evaluation that compares air conduction and bone conduction of sound.

26. A nurse in a rural health clinic is caring for a client who has heart failure. The client states, "I'm not going to take any more heart medicine." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? "Why did you decide to stop your heart medicine?" "Can you tell me more about your decision to stop taking your medicine?" "I think you should speak with your provider before you stop taking your medication." "I understand your feelings, but you should trust your provider."

"Can you tell me more about your decision to stop taking your medicine?" The nurse is asking an open-ended question, which encourages continued communication and allows the nurse to investigate the reasons why the client has decided to stop taking the medicine.

16. A nurse is teaching a client who has a new diagnosis of hepatitis A about how to prevent the spread of the virus. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? "Double-bag tissues used for coughing or blowing the nose." "Clean your bathroom fixtures with a chlorine bleach solution." "Use shared hand towels to dry your hands after washing." "Use barrier contraceptives during sexual contact for 2 weeks after beginning treatment."

"Clean your bathroom fixtures with a chlorine bleach solution." The client should clean bathroom fixtures with a 10:1 chlorine bleach solution. The hepatitis A virus spreads via feces and survives on human hands since it is resistant to soap and detergents.

10. A nurse is performing a home visit for a client who has tuberculosis (TB). As the nurse is leaving the client's house, a neighbor asks, "Is it true that my neighbor has TB?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? "You should ask the public health department." "Do you have questions about tuberculosis?" "Have you ever been tested for tuberculosis?" "You should take precautions against this infection."

"Do you have questions about tuberculosis?" This response addresses the neighbor's concerns while protecting the client's confidentiality.

47. A home health nurse is caring for a client who is immunocompromised due to chemotherapy. Which of the following statements should the nurse make regarding food safety? "Eat any leftovers within one week of preparation." "Keep the inside of your refrigerator at 47 degrees Fahrenheit or below." "Beef is the only meat that is acceptable to eat with a pink center." "Frozen food should be cooked immediately after it is thawed."

"Frozen food should be cooked immediately after it is thawed." The nurse should inform the client that frozen food should be thawed in a bowl in the refrigerator and should be cooked as soon as it is thawed.

30. A public health nurse is providing information to a client who has alcohol use disorder and is asking about treatment. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the information? "I will not have to completely stop drinking alcohol if I go into an inpatient treatment program." "Once I make it through detoxification, I will be free of my addiction." "I am not eligible for an outpatient program until I have completed an inpatient program first." "I can expect to get help with other aspects of my life while in treatment."

"I can expect to get help with other aspects of my life while in treatment." Successful treatment of alcohol use disorder is more likely if the client receives help in other areas of their life, such as their physical health, psychological well-being, and family interactions.

11. A public health nurse is conducting an educational session about Lyme disease for a group of older adult clients at a senior center. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the clients understand the teaching? "I should get an annual immunization to prevent Lyme disease." "I can take penicillin for 10 to 14 days to manage Lyme disease." "I can get Lyme disease from a mosquito bite." "I will have abdominal pain and diarrhea if I get Lyme disease."

"I can take penicillin for 10 to 14 days to manage Lyme disease." A client who receives a diagnosis of Lyme disease in the early stages should respond to 10 to 14 days of penicillin or tetracycline therapy.

37. A community health nurse is conducting a vision screening at a health fair for an older adult client who has age-related macular degeneration. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is adapting to the changes? "I have a prescription bottle magnifier to help me read my pill bottle labels." "I canceled all of my magazine subscriptions since I can't read them." "I purchased green towels to use in my bathroom." "I have learned that I cannot to go outside when the sun is bright."

"I have a prescription bottle magnifier to help me read my pill bottle labels." The client can obtain a prescription bottle magnifier, or other low-vision optical devices, to assist with reading the labels on prescriptions, which helps the client to remain independent.

23. A home health nurse is evaluating a partner's understanding of postoperative care of a client who had a total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following statements by the partner indicates an understanding of the prescribed care? "I will let my partner skip exercises on days when the pain is increased." "I will inspect the incision site every other day." "I will place a heating pad at the incision site to help manage pain." "I will remind my partner to use a walker when moving around in the house."

"I will remind my partner to use a walker when moving around in the house." The client should use a walker when ambulating. The walker provides stability and support for the client, decreasing the risk for falls.

22. A nurse is caring for a client who has terminal lung cancer and is receiving hospice care. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is in the denial stage of the grief process? "I'm looking forward to my daughter's wedding next year." "I don't deserve to die. This just isn't fair." "If I could just make it through this, I'd never smoke again." "I'm going to plan my memorial service next week."

"I'm looking forward to my daughter's wedding next year." During the denial stage of the grief process, the client rejects the reality of the impending loss.

36. A school nurse is teaching health promotion to a group of staff members who sit at a desk and use a computer for 8 hr at a time. Which of the following information is the priority for the nurse to include? "Take a walk after work." "Point and flex your toes periodically." "Have your visual acuity assessed regularly." "Adjust your chair so that your elbows are at desk height."

"Point and flex your toes periodically." The greatest risk to staff members who are immobile for long periods of time is a venous thromboembolism. Therefore, the nurse should encourage the staff members to frequently change the position of their feet and legs.

29. A public health nurse is developing a presentation for local day care providers about infectious childhood diseases. Which of the following statements should the nurse include? "Respiratory syncytial virus is spread through contact with respiratory secretions from an infected person." "Rotavirus infections in children peak during the summer months." "Children who have fifth disease will exhibit bloody diarrhea." "Antiviral medications shorten the duration of a shigella infection."

"Respiratory syncytial virus is spread through contact with respiratory secretions from an infected person." The nurse should include this statement in the presentation because respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is spread by direct contact with respiratory secretions while within 3 feet of a person who is infected. Manifestations of RSV include dyspnea, tachypnea, coughing, and wheezing.

20. A palliative care nurse is teaching a client who has cancer about the services that are available for the client. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the teaching? "If I begin palliative care, I will have to stop my chemotherapy." "I can begin palliative care when I have less than 6 months to live." "This type of care can help me with pain control." "My family will not be involved with this type of care program."

"This type of care can help me with pain control." Clients who have cancer might require complicated treatments that can cause pain, disfigurement, and emotional and psychological distress. Palliative care provides support and management of the disease process regardless of the prognosis, including pain management.

Which of the following interventions might the occupational health nurse employ to promote health and safety in the workplace? (Select all that apply.) - Offer immunizations such as flu vaccines. - Do a walkthrough inspection to check for safety in work areas. - Remind employees to use personal protective equipment when handling harmful chemicals - Arrange for the vendor the educate the employees on how to use new heavy-lifting equipment - Use I PREPARE to assess for environmental health exposure.

- Offer immunizations such as flu vaccines. - Do a walkthrough inspection to check for safety in work areas. - Remind employees to use personal protective equipment when handling harmful chemicals - Arrange for the vendor the educate the employees on how to use new heavy-lifting equipment

Which of the following are stages of change in the transtheoretical model? (Select all that apply.) - Precontemplation - Maintenance - Interpersonal relationships - Action - Planning

- Precontemplation - Maintenance - Action - Planning

A community health nurse is conducting research about emergency preparedness in a community. According to Wilder's community-engagement research model, which of the following activities indicate to the nurse that the community is engaged in the research in the leader role? (Select all that apply.) - Residents conduct door-to-door surveys. - Residents attend informational sessions about the nurse's plan for data collection. - Local businesses report extra inventory that could be used in an emergency. - A group of residents begins to develop questions for a survey. - A community center offers a meeting room for data collectors.

- Residents conduct door-to-door surveys. - A group of residents begins to develop questions for a survey. Residents conduct door-to-door surveys is correct. The nurse should identify that the community is acting in a leader role when residents engage in conducting surveys. A group of residents begins to develop questions for a survey is correct. The nurse should identify that the community is acting in a leader role when residents develop questions for a survey.

A nurse is preparing a cultural assessment for a client who is from a different racial and ethnic background than the nurse. In completing the cultural assessment, which of the following pieces of data should the nurse collect about the client's cultural practices? (Select all that apply.) - Values - Beliefs - Lifestyle behaviors - Housing preference - Language

- Values - Beliefs - Lifestyle behaviors - Language Values is correct. In assisting with the preparation of a cultural assessment, the nurse should collect data about the client's values, beliefs, lifestyle behaviors, and language to describe the client's culture. Culture includes the shared values, beliefs, traditions, practices, and languages that are integrated throughout lifestyles and transmitted among families and communities. Beliefs is correct. In assisting with the preparation of a cultural assessment, the nurse should collect data about the client's values, beliefs, lifestyle behaviors, and language to describe the client's culture. Culture includes the shared values, beliefs, traditions, practices, and languages that are integrated throughout lifestyles and transmitted among families and communities. Lifestyle behaviors is correct. In assisting with the preparation of a cultural assessment, the nurse should collect data about the client's values, beliefs, lifestyle behaviors, and language to describe the client's culture. Culture includes the shared values, beliefs, traditions, practices, and languages that are integrated throughout lifestyles and transmitted among families and communities. Language is correct. In assisting with the preparation of a cultural assessment, the nurse should collect data about the client's values, beliefs, lifestyle behaviors, and language to describe the client's culture. Culture includes the shared values, beliefs, traditions, practices, and languages that are integrated throughout lifestyles and transmitted among families and communities.

A nurse is reviewing data on the rates of varicella zoster (chicken pox) for a county. If there were 416 cases of varicella in one year among a population of 32,000 people, what should the nurse record as the incidence rate per 1,000 people?

13 cases per 1,000 people # cases/# population × 1,000 = incidence rate per 1,000 people 416/32,000 × 1,000 = incidence rate per 1,000 people 13 = incidence rate per 1,000 people

A nurse is determining the attack rate following an E. coli outbreak at a restaurant. If 84 people ate contaminated lettuce, and 13 people developed an E. coli infection, what should the nurse conclude as the attack rate?

15 percent # exposed persons who developed infection/# exposed persons = attack rate 13/84 = attack rate 0.15 or 15% = attack rate

A nurse is using the I PREPARE mnemonic to assess a client's potential environmental exposures. which of the following questions should the nurse ask when assessing for "A" in the mnemonic? A. "what do you like to do for fun?" B. "what year was your residence built?" C. "what jobs have you had in the past?" D. "what industries are near where you live?"

A The "A" in the I‐PREPARE mnemonic represents activities. Ask this question to determine hobbies and interests that might cause harm or expose the client to harmful substances.

7. A community health nurse is assessing a group of clients for risk factors of violent behavior. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a risk factor for developing violent behavior? A client says they were spanked as a child. A client reports getting a new job. A client has a history of participating in volunteer activities. A client lives in the rural community where they grew up.

A client says they were spanked as a child. Clients who have prior exposure to violence have a greater potential for continuing the violent and abusive behavior.

14. A nurse in an emergency department is triaging clients following an explosion at a local factory. Which of the following clients should the nurse identify as the priority? A client who has superficial burns to 10% of the abdomen A client who has tracheal deviation and shortness of breath A client who has agonal respirations and an open head injury A client who has a fracture of the humerus and a bleeding foot laceration

A client who has tracheal deviation and shortness of breath A client who has tracheal deviation and shortness of breath most likely has a pneumothorax and requires immediate intervention for survival. Therefore, when using the survival approach to client care, the nurse should give priority to this client.

21. A home health nurse is planning care for the day. Which of the following clients should the nurse visit first? An older adult client who was treated in the emergency department last night for a stage 3 pressure injury A school-age child who was treated in the emergency department last night for status asthmaticus An older adult client who has a newly prescribed antihypertensive medication and needs a BP check A school-age child whose percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube needs changing

A school-age child who was treated in the emergency department last night for status asthmaticus When using the airway, breathing, circulation approach to client care, the nurse should determine that the client who recently experienced status asthmaticus is the priority. The client's status can change rapidly, and, at times, intensive care monitoring is required. Therefore, the nurse should visit this client first.

A school nurse has identified a need for improved playground safety. Using a quality improvement process that mirrors the steps of evidence-based practice, which of the following steps should the nurse take before selecting changes aimed at improving playground safety? A- organizing an effort to work on improvement B- planning the change C- doing it, executing the plan D- studying and analyzing new data and checking results E- clarifying current knowledge of the process

A, B, E Organizing an effort to work on improvement is correct. The nurse should identify that in the steps of the PDSA framework, organizing an effort to work on improvement occurs before selecting changes aimed at performance improvement. Planning the change is correct. The nurse should identify that in the steps of the PDSA framework, planning the change occurs after selecting changes aimed at performance improvement. Clarifying current knowledge of the process is correct. The nurse should identify that in steps of the PDSA framework, clarifying current knowledge of the process occurs before selecting changes aimed at performance improvement.

A team of public health nurses wants to implement a practice change related to use of surgical masks by nurses during community immunization clinics from September to January. When searching for scientific evidence about the use of effects of surgical masks on the incidence of influenza among nurses, in what order will the nurses format their PICOT question? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.) A- nurses who administer immunizations during community events B- Incidence of influenza C- use of surgical mask D- No use of mask E- September to January

A, C, D, B, E The nurses should identify that their research question in the PICOT format is: In nurses who administer immunizations during community events (P), how does the use of surgical masks (I) compared to no use of masks (C) affect the incidence of influenza (O) from September to January (T)? A PICOT question is a focused way to ask a clinical question that allows for a clear delineation of keywords so the best scientific evidence can be searched and located to answer a clinical question. Another benefit of using the PICOT statement is that it simplifies a possibly complex question about a needed component of nursing care. Within the PICOT statement: the "P" stands for Patient or Population, the "I" stands for Intervention or Indicator, the "C" stands for Compare or Control, the "O" stand for Outcome, the "T" stands for Time or Type of study or question.

A newly hired occupational health nurse at an industrial facility is performing an initial workplace assessment. which of the following information should the nurse determine when conducting a work site survey? A. work practices of employees B. Past exposure to specific agents C. Past jobs of individual employees D. Length of time working in current role

A. Determine the work practices of employees when conducting a work site survey.

A nurse is conducting a community assessment. which of the following data collection methods is the nurse using when having direct conversations with individual members of the community? A. Key informant interviews B. Participant observation C. Focus groups D. Health surveys

A. Informant interviews are direct conversations with individual community members for the purpose of obtaining ideas and opinions.

A nurse is preparing a list of important topics to discuss with young adults who are seen at the clinic. which of the following topics should the nurse plan to address with this aggregate? A. Preconception counseling B. managing the common cold C. Detecting congenital abnormalities D. Accessing medicare benefits

A. Plan to ask clients if they want to discuss childbearing, and answer questions related to childbearing. This can include information about how the health of the client can impact fetal health, recommended screenings, and nutrition.

A nurse is advocating for local leaders to place a newly‐approved community health clinic in an area of the city that has fewer resources than other areas. The nurse is advocating for the leaders to uphold which of the following ethical principles? A. Distributive justice B. Fidelity C. Respect for autonomy D. veracity

A. The nurse is advocating for the leaders to uphold the ethical principle of distributive justice, which is the fair distribution of benefits and burden in society.

A nurse is preparing an educational program on cultural perspectives in nursing. The nurse should include that which of the following factors are influenced by an individual's culture? (Select all that apply.) A. Nutritional practices B. Family structure C. Health care interactions D. Biological variations E. views about illness

A; B, C, E A. Culture is the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group of people and transmitted from generation to generation. Understand that nutritional practices are influenced by an individual's culture. B. Culture is the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group of people and transmitted from generation to generation. Understand that family structure is influenced by an individual's culture. C. Culture is the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group of people and transmitted from generation to generation. Understand that health care interactions are influenced by an individual's culture. E. Culture is the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a group of people and transmitted from generation to generation. Understand that views about illness are influenced by an individual's culture.

A nurse is collecting data to identify health needs in the local community. which of the following examples should the nurse identify as secondary data? (Select all that apply.) A. Birth statistics B. Previous health survey results C. windshield survey D. Community forum E. health records

A; B; E A. Birth statistics are an example of secondary data because the nurse obtains the data from another source. B. Previous health survey results are an example of secondary data because the nurse did not directly collect the data. E. Health records are an example of secondary data because the nurse is reviewing data collected by someone else.

An occupational health nurse is consulting with senior management of a local industrial facility. when discussing work‐related illness and injury, the nurse should include which of the following factors as physical agents? (Select all that apply.) A. Noise B. Age C. Lighting D. viruses E. Stress

A; C A. Include noise as a physical agent when discussing work‐related illness and injury. C. Include lighting as a physical agent when discussing work‐related illness and injury.

A nurse manager at a community agency is developing an orientation program for newly hired nurses. when discussing the differences between community‐based and community‐oriented nursing, the nurse should include which of the following situations as an example of community‐based nursing? (Select all that apply.) A. A home health nurse performing wound care for a client who is immobile B. An occupational health nurse providing classes on body mechanics at a local industrial plant C. A school nurse teaching a student who has asthma about medications D. A parish nurse teaching a class on low‐sodium cooking techniques E. A mental health nurse discussing stress management techniques with a support group

A; C A. Include wound care to an individual in the home as an example of community‐based nursing, which involves management of acute and chronic conditions in a community setting. C. Include teaching a single student in the school setting as an example of community‐based nursing, which involves management of acute and chronic conditions in a community setting.

A nurse is preparing to conduct a windshield survey. which of the following data should the nurse collect as a component of this assessment? (Select all that apply.) A. Ethnicity of community members B. Individuals who hold power within the community C. Natural community boundaries D. Prevalence of disease E. Presence of public protection

A; C; E A. Identify the ethnicity of the people visible in the community as a component of a windshield survey. C. Identify natural community boundaries as a component of a windshield survey. E. Identify the presence of public protection, such as police, fire, and animal control, as a component of a windshield survey.

A nurse at a county public health department is developing a breast cancer screening program for a population of homeless individuals in the county. Which of the following resources should they use to find evidence-based information from government sources? (Select all that apply.) a- NIH ODP B- robert wood johnson foundation C- cochrane D- CDC E- PICOT

A; D National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) is correct.The nurse should identify that the NIH Office of Disease Prevention is a federal government agency with a large focus on prevention research. The CDC is correct. The nurse should identify that the CDC is a federal government agency that addresses many public health issues.

44. A nurse in a clinic is planning teaching for a client who was newly diagnosed with hepatitis C. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? Consume a low-carbohydrate diet until symptoms resolve. Schedule an appointment for an immunoglobulin injection. Abstain from sexual intercourse until antibody tests are negative. Wear a mask in public places while receiving treatment.

Abstain from sexual intercourse until antibody tests are negative. Hepatitis C is transmitted through sexual intercourse. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to abstain from sexual intercourse until antibody tests are negative.

49. A community health nurse has been contacted regarding a client diagnosis of influenza type A in an adult day care. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to assist in the prevention of an outbreak? Administer antiviral medication to clients at the facility. Schedule immunizations for clients at the facility. Recommend that the day care center close for 2 weeks. Give immune globulin to clients at the facility who have early manifestations of influenza.

Administer antiviral medication to clients at the facility. Antiviral medications are administered to individuals who have been exposed to influenza type A to provide immediate protection and to help prevent an outbreak.

35. A public health nurse is planning care for four clients. Which of the following interventions should the nurse recognize as tertiary prevention? Providing chemoprophylaxis for malaria to a client who is traveling to mosquito-infested countries Performing a serological screening for HIV for a client who is pregnant Participating in partner notification for a client who has an STI Administering antibiotics to a client who has AIDS and was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii

Administering antibiotics to a client who has AIDS and was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii Administering antibiotics to a client who has AIDS and was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii is an example of tertiary prevention.

12. A community health nurse is participating in a group session for clients who have alcohol and substance use disorders. Which of the following information should the nurse provide regarding support programs for these individuals? Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a support group that requires disclosure of attendance to employers. Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is a one-on-one program that assists clients. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) assists a client who has an addiction to alcohol with developing a daily recovery program. Narcotics Anonymous (NA) will cure a client from their substance use disorder if they stays involved with the program.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) assists a client who has an addiction to alcohol with developing a daily recovery program. AA is a support group that will assist a client who has an addiction to alcohol and other substances with developing a daily recovery program using a 12-step approach. AA's primary purpose is to help the client obtain and maintain sobriety.

1. A nurse in a community health clinic is preparing to administer an immunization to a 5-year-old child. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Ask the child to pretend to blow up a balloon during the injection. Reassure the child that the injection is not going to hurt. Ask the child's parent to leave the room during the injection. Request that the child count backwards from the number 10 during the injection.

Ask the child to pretend to blow up a balloon during the injection. The nurse should ask the child to pretend to blow up a balloon during the injection. This serves as a distraction for the child, which decreases pain perception.

A team of home health nurses is searching for data about pressure Injury or protocols for use in the home setting. Which of the follow should they use to find pressure injury protocols? A- Robert wood johnson foundation B- Cochrane C- national institutes of health (NIH) office of disease prevention (ODP) D- healthy people 2030

B The nurses should identify that Cochrane is an international organization that researches evidence to provide systematic reviews and recommendations for practice.

A nurse at a public health department is presenting information about Healthy People 2030 to a group of community health the following categories will the nurse discuss specific, evidence-based interventions of Healthy People 2030? A- Mission B- Objectives C- Goals D- Vision

B- Objectives The nurse should discuss evidence-based interventions with Healthy People 2030 objectives.

A nurse is conducting health screenings at a statewide health fair and identifies several clients who require referral to a provider. which of the following statements by a client indicates a barrier to accessing health care? A. "I don't drive, and my son is only available to take me places in the mornings." B. "I can't take off during the day, and the local after‐hours clinic is no longer in operation." C. "Only one doctor in my town is a designated provider by my health maintenance organization." D. "I would like to schedule an appointment with the local doctor in my town who speaks Spanish and English."

B. Inconvenient hours make scheduling a follow‐up appointment challenging, and indicates a barrier to accessing health care for this client.

A public health nurse is planning interventions for children in the community. which of the following topics should the nurse choose to target a major concern for school‐aged children? A. Skin cancer detection B. Access to healthcare C. STI prevention D. Cholesterol screening

B. Because caregiver income affects child health, access to healthcare is a major concern for children.

A community health nurse is determining available and needed supplies in the event of a bioterrorism attack. The nurse should be aware that community members exposed to anthrax will need access to which of the following medications? A. metronidazole B. Ciprofloxacin C. Zanamivir D. Fluconazole

B. Community members exposed to anthrax will need access to ciprofloxacin. This medication is used for the prophylactic treatment of anthrax.

A public health nurse is planning several initiatives for a city. which of the following interventions should the nurse include as part of public health assurance? A. meeting with city officials to propose changes to health laws B. Partnering with a laboratory company to provide free HIv screenings for the public C. Reviewing data for incidence of influenza over a 25‐year span D. Providing medical facilities with information accidental injury rates

B. Establishing partnerships to ensure services are available to the public is part of public health assurance. Assurance tasks are those that promote the accomplishment of public health goals.

A nurse is preparing a presentation on bioterrorism. which of the following findings should the nurse include as an indication of potential bioterrorism? A. Nationwide incidence of pneumonia is higher than the prior year. B. A large number of otherwise healthy adults are dying from sepsis. C. A health department reports cases of influenza in October. D. most of the clients' diagnoses with pneumonia have an elevated white blood cell count.

B. Identify a large number of people dying with similar manifestations as an indication of possible bioterrorism.

A newly hired public health nurse is reviewing the disaster management cycle. which of the following actions is a component of disaster prevention? A. Outlining specific roles of community agencies B. Identifying community vulnerabilities C. Prioritizing care of individuals D. Providing stress counseling

B. Identifying community vulnerabilities is a component of disaster prevention.

A nurse is completing a needs assessment and beginning analysis of data. which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Determine health patterns within collected data. B. Compile collected data into a database. C. Ensure data collection is complete. D. Identify health needs of the local community.

B. In order to adequately and appropriately analyze collected data, first compile collected data into a database.

A school nurse is planning health promotion and disease prevention activities for the upcoming school year. In which of the following situations is the nurse planning a secondary prevention strategy? A. Placing posters with images of appropriate hand hygiene near restrooms B. Routinely checking students for pediculosis throughout the school year C. Implementing age‐appropriate injury prevention programs for each grade level D. working with a dietitian to determine carbohydrate counts for students who have diabetes mellitus

B. Routinely checking students for pediculosis throughout the school year is a secondary prevention strategy.

A nurse is caring for a client who is from a different culture than the nurse. when beginning the cultural assessment, which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Determine the client's perception of their current health status. B. Gather data about the client's cultural beliefs. C. Determine how the client's culture can affect the effectiveness of nursing actions. D. Gather information about previous client interactions with the health care system.

B. The first action when beginning a cultural assessment is to collect self‐identifying data about the client, including specific information about how the client's cultural beliefs influence family structure, food patterns, religious preferences, and health practices.

A public health nurse is planning an in‐service on older adult health. which of the following information should the nurse include? A. The percentage of older adults in the population is decreasing. B. The proportion of older adults who live alone is increasing. C. Older adults take one‐half of all prescription medications. D. Older adults have a decreased recovery time following injury.

B. The nurse should plan to teach the group that the number of older adults living alone continues to increase.

A team of community health nurses has been formed to address the low immunization rate of the adult population in a rural community. Using a quality improvement process that mirrors the steps of evidence-based practice, in what order will the following steps be included in the nurses' process as they implement a program to increase immunization rates in this population? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.) A-Clarify current knowledge B-Find a process to improve C-Select changes aimed at performance improvement D-Study new data and check results E-Do it; execute the plan

B; A; C; E; D The nurse should identify that the order of the steps is: find a process to improve, clarify current knowledge, select changes aimed at performance improvement, do it; execute the plan, study new data and check results.

A nurse is reviewing information about the local health department to prepare for an interview. which of the following services should the nurse expect the local health department to provide? (Select all that apply.) A. managing the women, Infants, and Children program B. Providing education to achieve community health goals C. Coordinating directives from state personnel D. Reporting communicable diseases to the CDC E. Licensingofregisterednurses

B; C B. Providing education to achieve community health goals is a component of identifying and intervening to meet health needs of the local community, which is a responsibility of local health departments. C. Funding for local health departments comes from local, state, and federal monies. Local health departments are responsible for coordinating directives issued from the state level.

18. A nurse is developing a genogram for a client to determine education needs. Which of the following health risk information should the nurse expect to obtain with this tool? Biological Behavioral Social Economic

Biological A family genogram tracks the incidence of disease over multiple generations of a family and will identify biological risk factors.

A nurse is completing an ecomap as part of a family assessment. which of the following questions should the nurse plan to ask to gather appropriate data? A. "Do you have a family history of heart disease?" B. "what kinds of foods does your family eat?" C. "Is your family involved in any community organizations?" D. "How does your family cultural beliefs influence your health values?"

C An ecomap studies the family's relationships with groups and organizations such as work, faith‐communities, and school.

A nurse is planning measures to reduce the incidence of obesity. which of the following interventions affects the environment, according to the epidemiological triangle? A. Determine whether clients have a family history of obesity. B. measure clients' BmI. C. Provide low‐fat meal options at public schools. D. Ask affected adults to keep a diary of food intake.

C. Changing the types of foods available to adolescents makes a positive change to the environment that could reduce the rates of obesity.

A public health nurse is reviewing the outcomes of an exercise program at various locations. which of the following aspects of care does this finding evaluate? A. Timeliness B. Client‐centered C. Equity D. Safety

C. Because there was no difference in client outcomes across geographic locations, this helps to validate that the program was equitable. Also examine data based on gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status to check for equity across those variables.

A school nurse is scheduling visits with a physical therapist for a child who has cerebral palsy. In which of the following roles is the nurse functioning? A. Direct caregiver B. Consultant C. Case manager D. Counselor

C. In the role of case manager, a school nurse coordinates comprehensive services for students who have complex health needs.

A nurse is preparing a community health program on communicable diseases. when discussing modes of transmission, the nurse should include which of the following illnesses as airborne? A. Cholera B. malaria C. Influenza D. Salmonellosis

C. Influenza is an airborne illness.

A community health nurse is implementing health programs with several populations in the local area. In which of the following situations is the nurse using primary prevention? A. Performing a home safety check at a client's home B. Teaching healthy nutrition to clients who have hypertension C. Providing influenza immunizations to employees at a local preschool D. Implementing a program to notify individuals exposed to a communicable disease

C. The nurse is using primary prevention when providing influenza immunizations to employees at a local preschool, because the goal is to prevent the occurrence of disease or injury.

A nurse is preparing an education program on disease transmission for employees at a local day care facility. when discussing the epidemiological triangle, the nurse should include which of the following factors as agents? (Select all that apply.) A. Resource availability B. Ethnicity C. Toxins D. Bacteria E. Alteredimmunity

C; D C. Include toxins as an agent when discussing the epidemiological triangle. D. Include bacteria as an agent when discussing the epidemiological triangle.

A nurse is interviewing a group of people several weeks after a community tornado. which of the following statements by a group member should the nurse identify as the emotional reaction of reconstruction? (Select all that apply.) A. "I am tired and don't think I'll ever be able to fix everything." B. "I can't believe we survived. I keep telling everyone what happened." C. "Things will never be the same, but we will find a way to go on." D. "Our neighborhood is working together to make good changes." E. "my old hobbies don't seem interesting anymore since the tornado."

C; D C. This statement indicates an adjustment to the new reality, which is characteristic of the reconstruction phase. D. This statement indicates rebuilding and looking ahead to the future, which are characteristic of the reconstruction phase.

A community health nurse is preparing an educational program about Healthy People 2030 that will be presented at a local community center. What coals should the nurse include as part of a presentation about Healthy People 2030: (select all that apply) A-Give government the responsibility of designing policies to improve the health of the public B-Eliminate all chronic health conditions C-Promote healthy development and behaviors across all life stages D-Achieve health equity and attain health literacy to improve health and well-being E-Attain healthy lives free of preventable disease.

C; D Promote healthy development and behaviors across all life stages is correct. The nurse should identify that a goal of Healthy People 2030 is to promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages. Achieve health equity and attain health literacy to improve health and well-being is correct. The nurse should identify that a goal of Healthy People 2030 is to eliminate health disparities, achieve healthy equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all.

A community health nurse is educating the public on the agents of bioterrorism. which of the following agents should the nurse include as Category A biological agents? (Select all that apply.) A. Hantavirus B. Typhus C. Plague D. Tularemia E. Botulism

C; D; E C. Plague is a Category A biological agent. D. Tularemia is a Category A biological agent. E. Botulism is a Category A biological agent.

A nurse is discussing strategies for achieving optimal health in their community with a group of nurses. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)

Collaborate with community leaders. Measure levels of radon in community buildings. Promote immunization in the community.

40. A public health nurse is developing a visual health program by using a community-oriented approach. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include? Teach a client who has vision loss about safety in the home environment. Provide genetic counseling to the family of a newborn who has congenital cataracts. Consult with the local school nurse to schedule yearly vision screenings for students. Develop a plan of care for a client who was newly diagnosed with glaucoma.

Consult with the local school nurse to schedule yearly vision screenings for students. Consulting with the local school nurse to schedule yearly vision screenings for students focuses on the health care of a population rather than illness care for individuals. Therefore, this intervention is using a community-oriented approach.

A nurse in a public health department is searching Healthy People 2030 for objectives with evidence-based interventions related to social determinants of health. Which of the following is a type of Healthy People objective that includes reliable baseline data and evidence-based interventions? A- Policy B- Developmental C- Research D- Core

D- Core The nurse should identify that a Healthy People core objective includes reliable baseline data and evidence-based interventions to guide practice.

A nurse is planning a community health program. which of the following actions should the nurse include as part of the evaluation plan? A. Determine availability of resources to initiate the plan. B. Gain approval for the program from local leaders. C. Establish a timeline for implementation of interventions. D. Compare program impact to similar programs.

D. Include a comparison of program impact to similar programs as part of the evaluation plan. This comparison assists with determining the efficiency of the program.

A home health nurse is planning care for a client following a stroke. The nurse plans to interview each member of the family to see how they might help the client progress towards recovery. The nurse is using which of the following approaches to family health? A. Family as a component of society B. Family as a system C. Family as a client D. Family as context

D. Use family as context to promote individual recovery following a disease or event. The client is the focus, and members are viewed as a source of support for the client.

A nurse is talking to a client who asks for additional information about hospice. which of the following statements should the nurse make? A. "Clients who require skilled nursing care at home qualify for hospice care." B. "One function of hospice is to provide teaching to clients about life‐sustaining measures." C. "Hospice assists clients to develop the skills needed to care for themselves independently." D. "A component of hospice care is to control the client's manifestations."

D. Controlling the client's manifestations of medical problems or the dying process and improvi

nurse is developing a community health education program for a group of clients who have a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. which of the following learning strategies should the nurse include for clients who are auditory learning? A. Showing photographs of sites for injection B. Providing equipment to practice hands‐on skills C. Supplying outlines for note‐taking D. Facilitating small group discussions

D. Facilitating small group discussions provides an opportunity for clients who are auditory learners to learn as they listen to information. This is an appropriate strategy to include for this group.

A nurse educator is presenting information to a group of community health nurses about using evidence-based practice sources when planning care for a community. In what order will the nurse discuss types of evidence, from most robust to least robust? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of strength of evidence. Use all the steps.) A- expert opinion and expert committee repots B- case control and cohort studies C- controlled trials without randomization D- systematic reviews of all randomized, controlled trials

D; C; B; A The nurse should identify that a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials is the highest level of evidence, followed by controlled trials without randomization, then case control and cohort studies, then expert opinions and expert committee reports.

3. A case manager is developing a discharge plan for a client who has a spinal cord injury and is in a rehabilitation facility. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? Hold a care conference with the client to discuss treatment options. Contact service providers to determine the availability of services offered. Determine the client's ability to perform self-care. Evaluate the client's satisfaction with the case manager's services.

Determine the client's ability to perform self-care. The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the client's needs. Determining a client's needs is the first step of the case management process which allows the case manager to plan client-centered care.

4. A community health nurse is planning to develop a community health program. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? Review the literature. Develop a budget. Obtain resources. Determine the need.

Determine the need. When using the nursing process, the first step the nurse should take is to assess or determine the need for a community program.

A community health nurse identifies an increase in the occurrence of osteoporosis-related fractures in female clients who are experiencing menopause. Which of the following primary prevention strategies should the nurse implement? Advise the clients to avoid live-virus vaccines. Encourage the clients to participate in weight-bearing activities. Educate the clients about the importance of avoiding sun exposure. Instruct at-risk clients to increase their intake of foods high in vitamin E.

Encourage the clients to participate in weight-bearing activities. Weight-bearing exercises, such as weight lifting, walking, and running, have been found to be beneficial in preventing osteoporosis.

46. A nurse is assessing a new client. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the cultural portion of the assessment? Food preferences Employment status History of illnesses Sexual orientation

Food preferences Food preferences are a part of cultural assessment.

13. A community health nurse is teaching a group of clients about environmental health hazards. Which of the following examples should the nurse include as a possible source of carbon monoxide exposure? Washing machines Gas ranges Air conditioners Electric space heaters

Gas ranges Carbon monoxide is an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas that is emitted into the air. Gas ranges, motor vehicles, and fire places are potential sources for carbon monoxide exposure.

An occupational health nurse is assessing a client who reports taking ibuprofen daily. The nurse should counsel the client about the risk for which of the following adverse effects? Urinary retention Polycythemia Hypokalemia Gastric ulcerations

Gastric ulcerations Daily use of NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, increases the risk for gastric ulceration, perforation, and hemorrhage.

A public health nurse discovers that a low-income community is lacking access to primary care and health insurance. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to address this concern?

Host an educational session in the community for health care registration and screenings.

48. A community health nurse is teaching a client who was newly diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis about disease transmission. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Household members should be placed in respiratory isolation. Wear a mask in the home. Household members should take isoniazid for at least 6 months. Have a repeat Mantoux test in 3 months.

Household members should take isoniazid for at least 6 months. The household members of a client who has active pulmonary tuberculosis are at risk for developing the disease. Therefore, taking isoniazid prophylactically for at least 6 months is recommended.

43. A community health nurse is planning to establish a community garden to introduce new nutritious food options in the area. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first to initiate the plan? Identify community members who demonstrate an interest in the project. Hold a community information session to inform the residents of the plan. Select residents to take on leadership roles in the project. Monitor the progress of the project to keep the project on course.

Identify community members who demonstrate an interest in the project. The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the community. By identifying those community members who demonstrate an interest in the project, the nurse can establish a local support group who will assist in engaging other community residents with establishing the garden.

45. A public health nurse is planning an educational program for a group of nurses at a community health department about pertussis infection. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Individuals should receive an annual influenza vaccine to minimize the risk for infection with pertussis. Newborns should receive the first dose of the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine prior to discharge from the hospital. Individuals who have had pertussis do not require immunization. Individuals transmit the pertussis bacteria through airborne droplets.

Individuals transmit the pertussis bacteria through airborne droplets. Transmission occurs when an individual who has an infection with Bordetella pertussis coughs.

32. A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client who is homeless and has hypothermia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Notify the local law enforcement agency of the client's situation. Initiate a referral to the facility's social worker. Ask the client why they did not seek shelter sooner. Tell the client everything will work out now that they are in the hospital.

Initiate a referral to the facility's social worker. The nurse should refer the client to the facility's social worker or to an agency that can assist the client with finding housing.

28. An occupational health nurse is planning to use an interpreter during an educational session with a group of workers who speak a different language than the nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) Instruct the interpreter to guide the nurse in providing information in a culturally-sensitive manner. Ask the interpreter to add information she feels might be necessary. Choose an interpreter who speaks the workers' language and dialect. Evaluate the interpreter's approach to clients prior to the educational session. Encourage the interpreter to paraphrase the workers' questions and responses.

Instruct the interpreter to guide the nurse in providing information in a culturally-sensitive manner is correct. The nurse should instruct the interpreter to give feedback to the nurse regarding the delivery of information that workers might find culturally sensitive to prevent insensitivity. Ask the interpreter to add information she feels might be necessary is incorrect. The nurse should ask the interpreter to not add or omit any information because it can interfere with the accuracy of the content. Choose an interpreter who speaks the workers' language and dialect is correct. The nurse should choose an interpreter who can speak the workers' preferred language, including the specific dialect, in order to facilitate accurate communication. Evaluate the interpreter's approach to clients prior to the educational session is correct. The nurse should evaluate the style of the interpreter prior to the educational session to determine their ability to develop a trusting relationship with the workers in order to promote effective communication. Encourage the interpreter to paraphrase the workers' questions and responses is incorrect. The nurse should ask the interpreter to translate the workers' comments and questions using their own words to increase the accuracy of the communication.

24. A home health nurse is reviewing several client requests regarding complementary strategies. The nurse should identify that which of the following alternative therapies is contraindicated for a client? Hippotherapy for a school-age child who has cerebral palsy Acupressure therapy for a client who has back pain Kava for a client who has cirrhosis Valerian for a client who has anxiety and insomnia

Kava for a client who has cirrhosis Although kava has been used to promote sleep, it can cause severe liver damage, which can lead to the need for a liver transplant. Using kava could worsen the condition of a client who has cirrhosis. Therefore, the nurse should plan to discuss safer alternatives with the client.

6. A nurse is caring for a client who has stage IV pancreatic cancer and has received information regarding available treatment options. Which of the following is the responsibility of the nurse if the client chooses to forgo treatment and enter hospice care? Make the hospice referral in accordance with the client's decision. Verify that the client's health insurance pays for hospice services. Recommend a second opinion from another provider. Assess whether or not the family agrees with the client's decision.

Make the hospice referral in accordance with the client's decision. The nurse should follow the ethical principle of respect for client autonomy and make the hospice referral for the client.

25. A home health nurse is caring for a client who has breast cancer. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is coping effectively? Exhibits anhedonia Makes eye contact Sleeps 14 hr each day Laughs inappropriately

Makes eye contact The nurse should recognize that making eye contact is an indication of effective coping.

5. A case manager is planning an educational program for a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following activities should the nurse include when using the psychomotor domain of learning? Review a color diagram of the food pyramid with the client. Show the client a video about how to monitor blood glucose levels. Observe the client's technique for drawing up insulin. Encourage the client to discuss their feelings of self-worth.

Observe the client's technique for drawing up insulin. The nurse should include this activity in order to use the psychomotor domain of learning because it requires coordination and the use of motor skills.

8. A nurse is collecting demographic data as a part of a community assessment. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Racial distribution Family genograms Number of open water sources Presence of condemned buildings

Racial distribution Racial distribution is part of demographic data. Other types of demographic data include marital information, population density, and death and birth rates.

17. A community health nurse is creating a program to reduce violence in the community. Which of the following interventions should the nurse identify as secondary prevention? Creating a public service announcement about the warning signs of partner abuse Recognizing and reporting suspected abuse to the appropriate protective services Collaborating with support agencies to ensure the ongoing treatment for abuse Educating individuals and groups about preventing domestic and community abuse

Recognizing and reporting suspected abuse to the appropriate protective services Secondary prevention is an intervention that focuses on early detection of a health problem to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. Recognizing and reporting suspected abuse facilitates diagnosis and intervention, helping to prevent further abuse.

33. A community health nurse is planning an educational program for farmers about occupational health risks. Which of the following risks should the nurse include? Hypertension Diabetes mellitus Cardiomyopathy Respiratory disorders

Respiratory disorders Farmers are at an increased risk for respiratory disorders due to exposure to agricultural chemicals, such as herbicides and pesticides. Other health risks for farmers include accidents with vehicles and machinery, dermatitis, dental problems, and stress and anxiety disorders.

34. A home health nurse is conducting a follow-up visit for a client who was recently discharged from an acute rehabilitation program for alcohol use disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Tell the client to take naltrexone daily. Instruct the client to take buprenorphine for the next 9 to 12 months. Teach the client to avoid foods that contain tyramine. Schedule transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) biweekly.

Tell the client to take naltrexone daily. The nurse should instruct the client to take naltrexone daily to decrease cravings for alcohol. Naltrexone is prescribed to assist the client with alcohol withdrawal and prevent relapse.

2. A nurse is conducting a home visit with a client who reports a history of partner violence. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings places the client at greatest risk for partner violence? The client is at 13 weeks of gestation. The client states they are leaving their partner. The client recently started a new job. The client visits friends without the partner's knowledge.

The client states they are leaving their partner. A client's decision to leave their partner places them at greatest risk for partner violence because the perpetrator can view the client as a possession and fear loss of control. Whether the client actually leaves the relationship or just threatens to leave, the client is at greatest risk for violence during this time.

38. A home health nurse is visiting with an older adult client. Which of the following observations indicates the need for a home modification? The home has power strips that have breakers. The client uses an electric toaster oven for cooking. There are two rocking chairs in the living room. The bathtub has a seat and a hand-held shower head.

There are two rocking chairs in the living room. Rocking chairs and swivel chairs will require a modification. The nurse should block the motion of the chairs to keep them stable so that the client can easily get in and out.

27. A nurse in a pediatric clinic is providing care to several clients. The nurse should recognize that which of the following conditions is included on the Nationally Notifiable Infectious Conditions list? Rotavirus Erythema infectiosum Scarlet fever Varicella

Varicella The nurse should recognize that varicella is included on the Nationally Notifiable Infectious Conditions list. States voluntarily conduct surveillance and report instances of certain diseases to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention so the data can be compiled and released each year.

31. A nurse in a clinic is caring for a client who reports taking ginkgo biloba for several weeks after seeing a naturopathic healer. The nurse should instruct the client that ginkgo biloba can alter the effects of which of the following medications? Warfarin Metoprolol Digoxin Diltiazem

Warfarin Ginkgo biloba can hinder coagulation. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client that ginkgo biloba can alter the effects of warfarin.

15. A community health nurse is working with a group of clients in a rural community who are unable to afford health insurance. Which of the following actions is the best for the nurse to take to advocate for these clients? Encourage the clients to form various exercise groups based on community interest. Perform weekly blood pressure screenings at the community center. Work with local health care practitioners to establish a free clinic. Provide for guaiac stool testing for clients who have a family history of colon cancer.

Work with local health care practitioners to establish a free clinic. According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should work with local health care practitioners to establish a free clinic in the rural community. The nurse should advocate for comprehensive care for this client population to address the need for an affordable health care option, which will allow clients who do not have health insurance to access a variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary services in one location.

A nurse is reviewing the harmful effects the environment can have on human health. Which of the following health conditions should the nurse attribute to environmental factors? (Select all that apply.) a) Cancer b) Asthma c) Allergies d) Cystic fibrosis e) Chlamydia

a) Cancer b) Asthma c) Allergies Cancer is correct. The nurse should identify that human health can be negatively impacted by environmental factors such as chemicals released from the built environment. These chemicals can cause illness and even change the genetic structure in the body leading to cancers and early onset of other chronic diseases. Asthma is correct. The nurse should identify that human health can be negatively impacted by environmental factors that include physical or social aspects. One environmental factor that negatively impacts health is the presence of mold which can grow in indoor and outdoor damp environments. Clients who have asthma, allergies and respiratory diseases are especially susceptible to negative respiratory effects from mold overgrowth. Allergies is correct. The nurse should identify that human health can be negatively impacted by environmental factors that include physical or social aspects. One environmental factor that negatively impacts health is the presence of lead in pipes or paint. Lead is toxic to humans and can lead to cognitive and neurologic disabilities.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to community nurses about the scope of nursing practice in the community. Which of the following statements by a nurse indicates understanding of the "what" part of the American Nursing Associations's (ANA) description of the scope of practice? a. "I will focus on being committed as I provide care to protect the health and well-being of my clients." b. "I understand that scope of practice refers to staff such as LPNs, RNs, and APNs." c. "It is important that I remember that nursing care is to be provided wherever it is needed." d. "My goal is to collaborate with my colleagues effectively to create positive client outcomes."

a. "I will focus on being committed as I provide care to protect the health and well-being of my clients." Rationale: This statement shows the nurse has effectively understood the teaching. The "what" part is indicated by the care and commitment the nurse shows to protect and promote the health and well-being of their clients.

A nurse at a state public health department is preparing for an upcoming accreditation. Which of the following should they identify as a benefit of accreditation for their public health department a. Accreditation allows public health nurses to base decisions, care, and processes on national standards. b. Accreditation allows public health nurses to use FOCUS-PDSA to improve processes. c. It provides public health nurses with knowledge, attitudes, and skills for quality improvement. d. It provides public health nurses with professional nursing certifications.

a. Accreditation allows public health nurses to base decisions care and processes on national standards The nurses should identify that accreditation allows them to base decisions, care, and processes on national standards.

A newly hired public health nurse is learning about the various duties of their role. Which of the following activities would the new nurse be involved with? a. Providing wound care for a burn victim in the hospital b. Educating the public about hand hygiene during an outbreak c. Administering insulin to a patient in their home d. Conducting an addiction therapy group at an outpatient center

b. Educating the public about hand hygiene during an outbreak Rationale: The focus of any public health professional is the population. While the nurse may provide care for an individual's needs, such as for immunizations, the nurse primarily focuses on groups for health promotion and disease prevention and usually in a community setting.

A nurse is speaking with a client who is preparing to go on vacation in Africa. The client wants to know the name of the disease that is passed from mosquitos to humans. Which of the following diseases should the nurse identify? a) Ebola b) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) c) Malaria d) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

c) Malaria Malaria is a disease carried by mosquitoes that causes vague flu-like manifestations and progresses to severe illness and death.

A nurse is caring for a client who is dying and wishes to discontinue taking their medications. Which of the following ethical principles is the nurse demonstrating by respecting the client's decision? a. Nonmaleficence b. Beneficence c. Autonomy d. Justice

c. Autonomy Rationale: The nurse is demonstrating the ethical principle of autonomy by respecting the client's wishes. Autonomy is the ability to be able to make informed decisions independently.

A nurse is part of a team at a public health department that is preparing for accreditation. Which resource should the nurse suggest that the team use for guidance about accreditation criteria? a. Cochrane b. PICOT c. CDC d. Healthy People 2030

c. CDC The nurse identifies that the CDC provides information about accredited health departments, connections to support accreditation, benefits of accreditation, how to prepare, and the CDC's role.

A school nurse is developing a program for nutritional needs for school-aged children. Which of the following is a resource provided by Healthy People 2030 that includes evidence-based guidelines the nurse can use? a. The 10 Essential Public Health Services b. Research objectives c. Core objectives d. Quality improvement frameworks

c. Core objectives The nurse should use the core objectives within Healthy People 2030. Core objectives have evidence-based interventions as resources that guide practice.

A community health nurse is asking a client about any potential lead exposure that could affect children in the community. Which of the following techniques is the nurse using? a) Windshield survey b) Air Quality Index c) Blood lead level d) Environmental health assessment

d) Environmental health assessment An environmental assessment is a health history for environmental influences on health and is an essential tool for all nurses, especially those in the public health field.

A nurse is discussing terms used to describe environmental influences with a client. The nurse should include that which of the following terms describes an environmental influence that occurs prior to an agent reaching a host? a) Secondary b) Tertiary c) Downstream d) Upstream

d) Upstream Cascading effects of upstream environmental influences on health result in harmful or healthier downstream environmental conditions.

A client who is int he maintenance phase of the Transtheoretical Model's Stages of Change admits to not following their diet plan after binging on salty and sugary snacks the past weekend. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask the client next? a. "How does that make you feel?" b. "Why did you do that?" c. "Did you call someone from your support group before eating the snacks?" d. "Have you had any stressful events in your life lately?"

d. "Have you had any stressful events in your life lately?" Rationale: During the maintenance phase, clients might go back to old habits when stressors appear in their life. The nurse should determine what prompted the client to regress.

A nurse working in a community health clinic is caring for a client who reports they have not slept for several days. Which of the following responses should the nurse give? a. "Have you tried melatonin?" b. "I have issues falling asleep every night as well." c. "You need to stop drinking coffee." d. "What has made it difficult for you to sleep lately?"

d. "What has made it difficult for you to sleep lately?" Rationale: The nurse should provide a response that demonstrates acknowledgment of the client's concern and that is open-ended as well as genuine. This provides an opportunity for the client to discuss their situation and emotions further.

An occupational nurse has four clients to see. Which of the following clients should the nurse see first? a. A maintenance person that slipped and fell an hour earlier b. A new hire needing a drug screen test c. A employee needing to be assessed to return to work d. A employee complaining of burning eyes after being exposed to a chemical agent

d. A employee complaining of burning eyes after being exposed to a chemical agent Rationale: Chemical exposures, particularly to eyes or mucous membranes, require immediate attention with interventions that are time sensitive. This person would need to be seen first.

A community health nurse is involved in community-engaged research about physical activity levels of families who attend local schools. Using the nursing process, which of the following activities of the nurse represents the evaluation phase of the research? a. The nurse and community residents define the borders of the community. b. The nurse and community residents identify outdoor recreational areas that are available to families. c. The nurse and community residents hold fundraising events for new recreational equipment in parks. d. The nurse and community residents present the findings at a school board meeting.

d. The nurse and community residents present the findings at a school board meeting. The nurse should identify that dissemination of results to all partners is part of the evaluation phase when using the nursing process in community-engaged research.

A school nurse is developing a program for nutritional needs for school-aged children. Which of the following will the nurse include as an evidence-based objective of Healthy People 2030?

eliminate very low food security among children in US house holds

A nurse is speaking with a client who wants to know the name of the chemical compound used to kill mice. Which of the following terms should the nurse provide? a) Insecticide b) Herbicide c) Rodenticide d) Fungicide

c) Rodenticide Rodenticides are chemical compounds designed to kill rodents such as mice, rats, and voles. These compounds can also be harmful to other living species.

A county public health nurse is planning to implement evidence-based practice interventions for a communicable airborne disease. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates understanding of the appropriate uses of the Intervention Wheel developed by the Minnesota Department of Health? (Select all that apply.) - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing guidelines for screening and testing." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing an outreach program to educate the public about where to obtain masks." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing a process for our nurses to obtain professional certifications in public/community health nursing." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collecting data about quality of life, health behaviors, social and economic factors in this county." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collaborating with other health professionals in the county."

- "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing guidelines for screening and testing." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing an outreach program to educate the public about where to obtain masks." - "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collaborating with other health professionals in the county." "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing guidelines for screening and testing" is correct. The nurse should identify that screening is one of the 17 specific intervention topics in the Intervention Wheel developed by the Minnesota Department of Health. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for implementing an outreach program to educate the public about where to obtain masks" is correct. The nurse should identify that outreach is one of the 17 specific intervention topics in the Intervention Wheel developed by the Minnesota Department of Health. "We can use the Intervention Wheel as a resource for collaborating with other health professionals in the county" is correct. The nurse should identify that collaboration is one of the 17 specific intervention topics in the Intervention Wheel developed by the Minnesota Department of Health.

A nurse manager is preparing a presentation on components of cultural competence. Which of following definitions should the manager provide for the concept of cultural safety? a. awareness of one's own thoughts and feelings about diversity b. knowledge that allows one to appreciate other cultures c. recognition of differences in race, color, ethnicity, or nationality that exist among individuals d. self-reflection and critique of power imbalances that allow health inequities

d. self-reflection and critique of power imbalances that allow health inequities The nurse should explain that cultural safety requires the nurse to conduct a critical self-reflection and critique of power imbalances that facilitate health inequities.

A faith community nurse is conducting blood pressure screenings at a place of worship. Which of the following levels of prevention does this fall under? a. Secondary b. Primordial c. Primary d. Tertiary

a. Secondary Rationale: This an example of a secondary level of prevention as the focus is on the at-risk population. The other options do not apply.

A nurse is documenting a cultural assessment of a client. Which of the following information should the nurse include? a. Allergies b. Home medications c. Family history d. Primary language

d. Primary language A client's primary language is an important factor of a client's culture. Therefore, the nurse should document the client's primary language as part of the cultural assessment.

A community health nurse is preparing an in-service about transcultural nursing for a group of staff nurses. The nurse should identify which of the following phases as part of Leninger's Sunrise Model? (Select all that apply.) - Culture care maintenance/preservation - Culture care impact/effects -Culture care negotiation/accommodation - Culture care influences - Culture care restructuring/repatterning - Culture care sensitivity

- Culture care maintenance/preservation - Culture care negotiation/accommodation - Culture care restructuring/repatterning Culture care maintenance/preservation is correct. The nurse should identify that culture care maintenance/preservation is the first phase of the Sunrise Model. Culture care negotiation/accommodation is correct. The nurse should identify that culture care negotiation/accommodation is the second phase of the Sunrise Model Culture care restructuring/repatterning is correct. The nurse should identify that culture care restructuring/repatterning is the third phase of the Sunrise Model.

A community health nurse is working in a clinic that treats many clients who do not have homes and have mental health needs, but follow-up care is inadequate. How can the nurse implement Provision 9 of the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics? a. Take responsibility for improving the safety of mental health care at the community clinic. b. Allow mental health caregivers to address the issue to avoid crossing professional boundaries. c. Improve commitment to providing the best mental health care possible through continuing education. d. Write a letter to the head of the clinic to report the need for mental health follow-up care.

d. Write a letter to the head of the clinic to report the need for mental health follow-up care. Rationale: Provision 9 of the Code of Ethics discusses the need for the nursing profession to address national and global health concerns, as well as be involved with shaping policies through political action, which includes writing a letter to report and address the issue. The nurse is advocating for the need for mental health follow-up care.

A nurse in a community clinic is assessing a client who is from a different culture than the nurse and reports having painful urination and a fever for 7 days. Which of the following comments should the nurse make when caring for the client? (Select all that apply.) - "Why did you wait so long to come to the clinic?" - "How can I help you today?" - "In the future, you need to come in sooner when you get sick." - "What seems to make your symptoms better?" - "What have you done about your problem?"

- "How can I help you today?" - "What seems to make your symptoms better?" - "What have you done about your problem?" "How can I help you today?" is correct. The nurse should be respectful when interacting with clients. This question is recommended by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality to build cultural competency skills and is a form of therapeutic communication. "What seems to make your symptoms better?" is correct. The nurse should be respectful when interacting with clients. This question is recommended by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality to build cultural competency skills and is a form of therapeutic communication. "What have you done about your problem?" is correct. The nurse should be respectful when interacting with clients. This question is recommended by the Agency for Health Care Research and Quality to build cultural competency skills and is a form of therapeutic communication.

A nurse manager of a public clinic is evaluating health disparities among diverse groups in the community. The nurse should identify that which of the following factors has an impact on health disparities? (Select all that apply.) - Race - Gender - Ethnicity - Residential location - Income

- Race - Ethnicity - Residential location - Income Race is correct. The nurse should identify that disparity due to race continues whether or not the individual has access to dental and health insurance. Ethnicity is correct. The nurse should identify that disparity due to ethnicity continues whether or not the individual has access to dental and health insurance. Residential location is correct. The nurse should identify that disparity due to residential location continues whether or not the individual has access to dental and health insurance. Income is correct. The nurse should identify that disparity due to income continues whether or not the individual has access to dental and health insurance.

A nurse manager in a community health clinic is teaching about the practice of cultural humility among staff members. Which of the following principles of cultural humility should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) - Bias - Reinforcement - Self-awareness - Openness - Ego

- Self-awareness - Openness Self-awareness is correct. The nurse manager should identify that cultural humility is exhibited when nurses show self-awareness, openness, lack of ego, self-reflection, critique, and supportive interactions during an encounter. Cultural humility reflects a lifelong process of learning and self-reflection that allows the nurse to appreciate and partner with individuals from cultures not their own. Openness is correct. The nurse manager should identify that cultural humility is exhibited when nurses show self-awareness, openness, lack of ego, self-reflection, critique, and supportive interactions during an encounter. Cultural humility reflects a lifelong process of learning and self-reflection that allows the nurse to appreciate and partner with individuals from cultures not their own.

A home health nurse is searching for Evidence-based information about the benefits of caregiver support groups. Which of the following sources is the best sources for systematic reviews and recommendations about this topic? A- Cochrane B- PICOT C- healthy people 2030 D- Robert wood johnson foundation

A The nurse should identify that Cochrane is an international organization that researches evidence to provide systematic reviews and recommendations for practice.

A public health nurse is facing challenges with the local public health team while implementing evidence-based interventions in an immunization program. Which of the following statements by team members should the nurse identity as knowledge-related barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice? (Select all that apply. A- "I do not really know how to use the computer for anything other than checking email and updating the spreadsheets" B-"I barely have time to get everything done, because my caseload has grown by 50 percent this year" C- "The supervisor said that the way we do things has worked for years, and there is no reason to change" D- "I took a statistics course in college, but i have not really used any of it since then" E- "I am not really sure where to look for new evidence" F- " The last time we tried to present new evidence, the director discouraged it

A; D; E "I do not really know how to use the computer for anything other than checking email and updating the spreadsheets" is correct. The nurse identifies that limited information technology skills are knowledge deficits that are common barriers to implementation of evidence-based practice. "I took a statistics course in college, but I have not really used any of it since then" is correct. The nurse identifies that lack of experience in evaluating statistics is a common barrier related to knowledge deficits. "I am not really sure where to look for new evidence" is correct. The nurse identifies that insufficient understanding of how to search for evidence is a common barrier related to knowledge deficits.

A nurse is conducting a presentation for a group of student nurses related to the goals and objectives of healthy people 2030. Which of the following does the nurse discuss as overarching goals of healthy people 2030? A- Reduce blood lead levels in children ages 1 to 5 years B- Increase the proportion of adolescents who receive treatment for their depression C- create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all D-eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all E- engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well being of all F- increase the proportion of children and adolescents who play sports

C; D; E Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining the full potential for health and well-being for all is correct. The nurse should include this as an overarching goal of Healthy People 2030. Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all is correct. The nurse should include this as an overarching goal of Healthy People 2030. Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all is correct. The nurse should include this as an overarching goal of Healthy People 2030.

A nurse is discussing cultural competency with a newly licensed nurse. The nurse should include that nurses should have the ability to communicate with clients across which of the following sociocultural barriers to be culturally competent? a. Different sexual orientations b. Different social statuses c. Different professional roles d. Different religious beliefs

a. Different sexual orientations Nurses must be able to communicate with clients across different races, ethnicities, ages, sexual orientations, and abilities to provide culturally competent care.

A case management nurse is using the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence as an assessment tool to evaluate variations of cultural practices. Which of the following cultural domains should the nurse include from this model? a. Family roles and organization b. Birth rituals c. Low-risk behaviors d. Socioeconomic status

a. Family roles and organization The Purnell Model for Cultural Competence introduces 12 cultural domains including overview or heritage, spirituality, family roles and organization, bio-cultural ecology, nutrition, pregnancy, death rituals, workforce issues, communication, high-risk behaviors, health care practices, and health care professionals.

A public health nurse is beginning to work in a new community to improve their environmental health. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a) Conduct a windshield survey of the community. b) Engage community members in litter hikes to pick up trash. c) Conduct educational sessions regarding lead paint in older homes. d) Evaluate the availability and reliability of public transportation in the community.

a) Conduct a windshield survey of the community. The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the new community by conducting a windshield survey, so they can learn about the environmental conditions of the new community.

A nurse is reviewing a client's medical record with a dietician who is part of the client's interdisciplinary team. Which of the following elements of Nursing's Social Contract is the nurse demonstrating? a. Collaboration b. Responsibility and accountability c. Progress and Development d. Ethical Practice

a. Collaboration Rationale: The nurse is discussing the client's medical record with the dietitian, which is a demonstration of Collaboration. Collaboration with members of the interdisciplinary team is critical in providing effective care so that each aspect of the client's needs will be met.

A public health nurse is working with a group of clients who are concerned about malaria in their town. They ask the nurse about effective ways to help prevent the spread of malaria. Which of the following strategies should the nurse suggest? a) Use insecticide-treated mosquito nets. b) Stay indoors and seal windows, doors, and screens. c) Build bat houses to attract bats that will eat the mosquitos. d) Have open bonfires nightly to deter mosquitos.

a) Use insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Insecticide-treated bed nets are a significant primary prevention against malaria.

A nurse is requesting a referral for a case manager for a client who requires financial assistance for their medications. Which of the following forms of advocacy is the nurse demonstrating? a. Client advocacy b. Professional advocacy c. Political advocacy d. Community advocacy

a. Client advocacy Rationale: The nurse is demonstrating client advocacy by requesting a referral for a case manager to assist with the client's financial concerns regarding affording their medications.

A nurse is arranging for flu vaccines to be administered to anyone who consents to it. Which of the following levels of prevention are guiding the nurse's actions? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Primordial prevention

a. Primary prevention Rationale: The goal for activities like promoting vaccinations is to implement interventions that will prevent conditions of poor health from occurring.

A public health nurse is providing an explanation to newly hired public health nurses on the standards of care along with the policies and procedures that reflect Nurse Practice Acts. Which of the following is imperative that the new nurses know about Nurse Practice Acts? a. Nurse Practice Acts specify the scope and standards of practice for student nurses. b. Nurse Practice Acts are the laws governing nursing practice. c. Nurse Practice Acts specify the code of ethics to be used in hospital settings. d. Nurse Practice Acts are governed by the federal government, not state law.

b. Nurse Practice Acts are the laws governing nursing practice. Rationale: A Nurse Practice Act is a state law that outlines standards of care and provides guidance to nurses in safe and effective practice.

A nurse working at a community health clinic is reviewing the staff schedule and notices the clinic has been working short staffed for the past 3 months. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to address this issue? a. Cancel and reschedule client appointments to times when staff are available. b. Speak to clients and get feedback about the scheduling challenges. c. Speak to the manager and advocate for a strategy that ensures adequate staffing. d. Close the clinic early due to staffing concerns.

c. Speak to the manager and advocate for a strategy that ensures adequate staffing. Rationale: By speaking to the stakeholder and advocating for better staffing considerations, the nurse is demonstrating an ability to help shape and inform policy making for this important issue.

A public health nurse working in the community center asks the nurse manager where nurses can obtain information on the competencies that public health nurses should possess. Which document should the nurse manager recommend? a. The Minnesota Model for Public Health Nursing Practice b. Nurse Practice Act (NPA) c. American Nurses Association (ANA): Code of Ethics d. Public Health Nursing Competencies

d. Public Health Nursing Competencies Rationale: The nurse manager should direct the public health nurses to the Public Health Nursing Competencies, which provide guidance on the competencies for public health nurses.

A team of community health nurses is in the planning phase for community-engaged research. Which of the following describes a role the nurses should take during the planning phase using the nursing process? A- Writing grants for funding of community-engages research B- Deciding on the research topic for the community C- Identifying gaps in the health of the community D- dissemination results on the research

A The nurses should identify that writing grants for funding is part of the nurse's role in community-engaged research.

A community health nurse is reporting their findings from research conducted about the need for primary care clinics in a community. According to Wilder's community-engagement research model, which of the following activities would the nurse report if the community was engaged in the research in the collaborator role? (Select all that apply.) A- residents filled out questionnaires on the survey tool B- residents attended information sessions presented by the nurse during the research process C- Residents suggested the questions that should be included on the survey tool D- residents volunteered to count the number of completed surveys returned each day E- Residents developed informational brochures for the community before the research process began F- residents donated the data collection supplies

A,D, F Residents filled out questionnaires on the survey tool is correct. The nurse should report that the community acted in a collaborator role by answering surveys. Residents volunteered to count the number of completed surveys returned each day is correct. The nurse should report that the community acted in a collaborator role by volunteering to count the completed surveys. Residents donated the data collection supplies is correct. The nurse should report that community residents acted in a collaborator role by donating data collection supplies.

A school nurse is researching information about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates in school-age children. In what order will the nurse examine each item, from most robust type of evidence to least robust? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order or Strengtn or evidence. Use all the steps. A- An expert opinion presented in a conference in the current year from a pediatric immunologist B- Observational cohort studies about immunization rates performed with a population of homeless school-age children during the last 3 years c- Systematic reviews of all randomized controlled trials published within the last 5 years about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates in children D- A randomized controlled trial about the effects of homelessness on immunization rates on one state's population of school-age children

C; D; B; A The nurse should identify that a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials is the highest level of evidence, followed by a randomized controlled trial, then observational cohort studies, then an expert opinion.

A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about client advocacy. Which of the following statements by the newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "I will make sure clients understand treatment options before they sign a consent form." b. "I will make sure to speak to my client's adult children on deciding if a surgical procedure should be conducted." c. "I will inform clients they should research health information so they do not bother providers with questions." d. "I will not alert my client that they have access to their medical records via the patient portal."

a. "I will make sure clients understand treatment options before they sign a consent form." Rationale: One of the duties of a nurse advocating for clients is to ensure that the client understands treatment options, risks, and outcomes so that they are able to give informed consent before procedures.

A nurse is discussing the AACN's five Core Competencies of Cultural Competence with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following should the nurse identify as one of these competencies? a. Promote achievement of safe and quality outcomes. b. Participate in a variety of diverse activities. c. Acquire knowledge and skills about different cultures. d. Collect relevant cultural data.

a. Promote achievement of safe and quality outcomes. Promoting achievement of safe and quality outcomes for diverse populations is one of the AACN's five Core Competencies of Cultural Competence.

A nurse is discussing cultural competence theories with another nurse. Which of the following models should the nurse identify as having a five-step process? a. Purnell's Model b. Campinha-Bucote's Model c. Giger and Davidhizar's Model d. Madeline Leininger's Sunrise Model

b. Campinha-Bucote's Model Campinha-Bucote's Model of Cultural Competence describes the development of cultural competence as a five-prong continuous process. As the client's needs evolve, the nurse will need to adapt and change how cultural diversity is addressed.

A nurse is working in a community health clinic that serves a culturally diverse population. The nurse should recognize that which of the following cultures is most likely to have a distrust of the health care system based on past abuses? a. Muslim b. Non-Hispanic White c. Black American d. Jewish

c. Black American The nurse should recognize that clients from the Black American community often hold a general distrust of the health care system because of historical abuses from the medical community.

A nurse is preparing to discharge a client with a newborn who has a tracheostomy and will require apnea monitoring at home. Which of the following resources should the nurse recommend to the client to assist with tracheostomy care and apnea monitoring? a. Community center clinic b. Ambulatory care center c. Occupational health center d. Home health care

d. Home health care Rationale: The home health care agency will provide services to the client by assisting with education on tracheostomy care and on using the apnea machine properly for the newborn.

A school nurse is implementing a quality improvement process for medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. Using a quality improvement process that mirrors the steps of evidence-based practice, in what order will the following steps be the nurse's process as the implement a program to increase medication adherence in this population? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps) A- Clarify current knowledge about medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. B- Plan the change for increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. C- Do the change; execute the plan tor increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma. D- Select changes aimed at increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma E- Act to sustain the gains that increase medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma F- organize an effort to work on increasing medication adherence in adolescent children who have asthma

B; A; C; F; D: E The relevance of quality improvement programs and planning in community and public health agencies. A framework for quality improvement is PDSA. Within this process the acronym PDSA stands for: Plan the change; analyze current data and predict the results; Do it—execute the plan; Study (analyze) the new data and check the results; Act—take action to sustain the gains.

A nurse is reviewing potential environmental exposures with a group of public health nurses. Which of the following immunizations should the nurse include in the review as recommended by the CDC due to these exposures? (Select all that apply.) a) Hepatitis B b) Hepatitis A c) Influenza d) MMR e) Pneumonia.

a) Hepatitis B c) Influenza d) MMR Hepatitis B is correct. The nurse should include that the CDC recommends the hepatitis B immunization for health care workers due to the environmental exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Influenza is correct. The nurse should include information about the CDC recommendation for the influenza innunization due to increased environmental exposure opportunities. MMR is correct. The nurse should include information regarding the CDC recommendation for obtaining the MMR immunization due to increased risk of environmental exposure.

A charge nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about ways to increase quality of care for diverse populations based on the AACN's Core Competencies of Cultural Competence. Which of the following actions should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Advocate for social justice on behalf of vulnerable populations. b. Move to an ethnically diverse neighborhood. c. Develop friendships with people from other countries. d. Attend religious services of other cultural groups.

a. Advocate for social justice on behalf of vulnerable populations. The nurse should inform the newly licensed nurses that a way to increase their quality of care to diverse populations is to advocate for social justice, including making a commitment to the health of vulnerable populations and the elimination of health disparities.

Which of the following actions should a community health nurse take to promote economic stability in the community? a. Partner with local churches and write grants for childcare funding towards affordable daycares in the area. b. Advocate for more transportation to health care facilities. c. Work with a nonprofit organization for the local farmers' market to sell fresh produce twice a week. d. Teach residents about the dangers of lead-based paint.

a. Partner with local churches and write grants for childcare funding towards affordable daycares in the area. Rationale: Parents who are working need affordable daycare for their children.

A community health nurse reports that some families are in desperate need of basic preventative health care services. Which of the following principles supports providing resources to families in the community that are in need? a. Justice b. Beneficence c. Autonomy d. Nonmaleficence

b. Beneficence Rationale: The nurse is demonstrating the ethical principle of beneficence. Beneficence is doing what is in the best interest of the client and protecting them from harm.

A nurse manager at a public health clinic is working to expand the diversity of the clinic's nursing staff. Which of the following factors should the nurse identify as a barrier to creating a diverse workforce? a. Distrust of the health care system b. Nurses of color making up less than 28% of the national workforce c. Male nurses making up approximately 40% of the national workforce d. Decrease in diverse populations

b. Nurses of color making up less than 28% of the national workforce The nurse manager should identify that less than 28% of the national workforce consists of nurses of color. This underrepresentation is a barrier to creating a racially and ethnically diverse workforce.

Which of the following terms describes a nurse who delivers care to the residents of a community in a local area focusing on disease and injury prevention? a. Public health nurse b. Population health nurse c. Community health nurse d. Home health nurse

c. Community health nurse Rationale: The focus of a community health nurse is on the community as a whole.

A school nurse assesses a few students for injuries after they have been fighting. The nurse finds bruises in various stages of healing on one of the students. Which of the following interventions on the secondary level of prevention should the nurse implement? a. Notify the parents that the student has been in a fight. b. Apply bandages to the cuts founds on assessment. c. Report the findings to Child Protective Services (CPS). d. Ask social services to arrange for extensive counseling for the student.

c. Report the findings to Child Protective Services (CPS). Rationale: Per mandatory reporting laws, the nurse would need to notify CPS immediately for investigation and possible removal of the student from the situation. This is a secondary level of prevention under early treatment.

A public health nurse is observing a client who has been participating in the Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) program for the past month take their antitubercular medication for active tuberculosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. Document the care delivered to the client. b. Check for any allergies before allowing the client to take the medication. c. Reinforce the information concerning the medications' side effects. d. Review the labs before having the client take the mediation.

d. Review the labs before having the client take the mediation. Rationale: While all of these tasks need to be completed, checking the labs before administering medication takes priority.

A nurse is caring for a client who frequently uses pesticides. The nurse should understand that which of the following is true about pesticides? (Select all that apply.) a) They can cause illness through genetic mutations or cancer development. b) They can enter the air and cause lung irritation when inhaled. c) They are harmless. d) They are part of a natural environment. e) Their residue seeps into the ground and can harm drinking water.

a) They can cause illness through genetic mutations or cancer development. b) They can enter the air and cause lung irritation when inhaled. e) Their residue seeps into the ground and can harm drinking water. They can cause illness through genetic mutations or cancer development is correct. Chemicals released from the built environment can cause illness and even change the genetic structure in the body, leading to cancers and early onset of other chronic diseases. They can enter the air and cause lung irritation when inhaled is correct. Air pollution in indoor and outdoor environments leads to acute and chronic respiratory diseases and can increase a community's morbidity and mortality. Their residue seeps into the ground and can harm drinking water is correct. Harmful chemicals are released into the air, land, and water in all aspects of farming.

A nurse is discussing transcultural nursing with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following statements should the nurse make when discussing the Religious and Philosophical dimension of Leininger's Sunrise Model? a. "This dimension includes spiritual practices and beliefs." b. "This dimension includes language and facial expressions." c. "This dimension includes social participation in the community." d. "This dimension includes literacy level and access to education."

a. "This dimension includes spiritual practices and beliefs." The nurse should identify that the Religious and Philosophical dimension includes religious beliefs and practices, spirituality, and the use of traditional healers within a cultural system.

A home health nurse instructs the caregiver to administer pain medication to a nonverbal client in their home. Which of the following evaluative findings would indicate that the goal fo pain relief had been met? a. The client's face relaxes and stops grimacing. b. The client becomes more restless. c. The client's family says that enough medicine has been given. d. The client is still guarded near the area of pain.

a. The client's face relaxes and stops grimacing. Rationale: Signs and symptoms that are opposite of those for pain are usually good indicators that pain relief has been achieved. The nurse should look to the nonverbal client's expressions as the main source of evaluation for meeting pain goals.

A nurse is caring for a client who does not have proper understanding of a surgical procedure that is scheduled for the next day. The nurse notifies the client's provider. Which of the following concepts is the nurse demonstrating? a. Client education b. Client advocacy c. Accountability d. Autonomy

b. Client advocacy Rationale: The nurse is demonstrating the concept of client advocacy. Client advocacy protects the client's rights and provides assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. In this instance, the nurse is protecting the client by notifying the client's provider to ensure the client completely understands their surgery and questions are addressed.

A client asks a nurse to help identify resources for a weight loss plan the client is developing. Which of the following theoretical frameworks might the nurse use in this situation? a. Health Belief Model b. Transtheoretical Model c. Social Cognitive Theory d. Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior

b. Transtheoretical Model Rationale: This model is good for formulating individualized plans for change towards healthier behaviors.

A nurse manager in a community clinic is using Healthy People 2030 to plan care for clients. Using the Healthy People 2030 guidelines, which of the following interventions should the nurse use to reduce health disparities? a. Provide cultural competence education to clients that use the clinic. b. Consider the provider's personal values when planning care. c. Provide access to language services to clients. d. Promote the creation of physical environments that support good health.

c. Provide access to language services to clients. The nurse should identify that Healthy People 2030 extends the national agenda for health and well-being to outline specific objectives for individuals of various cultures. Achievement of these objectives requires that clients' language and literacy be considered.

A community health nurse is caring for a client who informs the nurse that they need a kidney transplant but their insurance has been discontinued. Which ethical principle should the nurse be aware of to provide resources for this client? a. Veracity b. Autonomy c. Accountability d. Justice

d. Justice Rationale: The nurse is demonstrating the ethical principle of justice, which refers to fairness. Community and public health nursing agree to strive for justice in health care and resources for all clients' well-being.

A client reports that the initial exercise regimen in their weight loss program was ineffective, but that they have seen positive results since adopting a friend's regimen. Which of the following theories explains the client's change? a. Health Belief Model b. Theory of Reasoned Action/Planned Behavior c. Transtheoretical Model d. Social Cognitive Theory

d. Social Cognitive Theory Rationale: Social Cognitive Theory explains that individuals will learn and adopt changes in habit when observing others who have mastered the behavior with positive results. The other theories focus on other aspects of lifestyle changes.

In a rural community setting, a health care organization is attempting to create an institutional framework in their approach to eliminate health disparities. Which of the following policies should the facility institute to reduce health disparities? (Select all that apply.) - Demonstrate culturally competent practices and protocols. - Maintain a diverse workforce. - Cultivate cross-cultural communication and awareness. - Encourage holistic care that includes all cultures. - Develop rules and policies that are congruent with the community.

- Demonstrate culturally competent practices and protocols. - Maintain a diverse workforce. - Cultivate cross-cultural communication and awareness. Demonstrate culturally competent practices and protocols is correct. The nurse should be aware that demonstrating culturally competent practices and protocols is a continuous process that promotes health equity and reduces health disparities. Maintain a diverse workforce is correct. The nurse should be aware that it is critical for health care organizations and systems to create an environment that supports principles and essentials of cultural competence. Maintaining a diverse workforce is one way to enhance the cultural competence of the staff, decreasing health disparities. Cultivate cross-cultural communication and awareness is correct. The nurse should be aware that it is critical for health care organizations and systems to create an environment that supports principles and essentials of cultural competence. Cross-cultural communication and awareness increase cultural competence and decrease health disparities.

The nurse educator for the county public health department Is planning a course about building community partnerships for local community health nurses. Which of the following does the nurse educator recognize as a benefit of including information about evidence-based practice: A- Strengthened standards of care B- Increased job satisfaction of the nurse C- Increased efficiency with which nurses locate objective evidence D- increased use of ritualistic care E- Increased health care quality

A; B; C; E Strengthened standards of care is correct. The nurse should recognize that strengthened standards of care is a benefit of implementing evidence-based practice. Increased job satisfaction of the nurse is correct. The nurse should recognize that increased job satisfaction among practitioners is a benefit of implementing evidence-based practice. Increased efficiency with which nurses locate objective evidence is correct. The nurse should recognize that efficiency in how clinicians search for and locate objective evidence to guide practice is a benefit of implementing evidence-based practice. Increased health care quality is correct. The nurse should recognize that the implementation of evidence basedevidence-based practice will increase the quality of health care.

A nurse is interacting with a client who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The client has attended multiple workshops about. managing their condition but still has an A1C of 9 and admits to not using the meal plans to help with nutritional needs. Which of the following could the nurse at the community-based clinic do first to assist the client in adhering to the medical regimen? a. ask the client to discuss what barriers they perceive that prevent compliance b. refer the client to the diabetic educator for more instructions c. ask the case manager for community resources for programs like Meals on Wheels d. assess the client's neighborhood to see if there is access to fruits and vegetables

a. Ask the client to discuss what barriers they perceive that prevent compliance Rationale: While all of the other options may be interventions that could be used to encourage compliance, the nurse does not have enough data to determine the next course of action. More assessment on the reasons for possible noncompliance is needed before anything else can be done.

A nurse is teaching a client who has asthma on the use of an inhaler. Which of the following resources should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Give a demonstration of how to use the inhaler followed by the teach-back approach. b. Provide only a video teaching about asthma. c. Offer the phone number of the manufacturer of the inhaler. d. Provide the client with a brochure to learn more about asthma.

a. Give a demonstration of how to use the inhaler followed by the teach-back approach. Rationale: The nurse should use informative communication, including effective verbal and nonverbal skills, when teaching a client who has asthma on the proper use of an inhaler. Teaching the information and then asking the client to demonstrate the use of an inhaler will ensure understanding of the instructions.

A community health nurse is teaching a group of newly licensed nurses about the concept of culture. Which of the following statements should the nurse use to define culture? a. "A culture is a group of people that consists of the same age, race, ethnicity, and language." b. "A culture is the beliefs, values, traditions, and customs that are shared by a group of people." c. "A culture is the marital status, religion, and spiritual preferences of a group." d. "A culture is the socioeconomic status, age, sexual orientation, and occupation of a group."

b. "A culture is the beliefs, values, traditions, and customs that are shared by a group of people." The nurse should explain that a culture is defined as the values, beliefs, traditions, practices, and lifestyle behaviors shared by a group of people.

A nurse manager of a home health agency overhears an employee referring to some the facility's clients by saying, "You know how all those people are, so noncompliant in their health care." The manager should identify the employee is exhibiting which of the following concepts of cultural competence? a. Implicit bias b. Color discrimination c. Cultural humility d. Stereotyping

d. Stereotyping The nurse manager should identify that stereotyping is having a simplified belief about a person or group and failing to recognize individuality. The employee's comment exhibits stereotyping by assuming all members of a particular group are noncompliant in their health care practices.

A community health nurse is Involved in community-engaged research about employer-provided health benefits in a small, rural community. Which of the following are potential ethical concerns related to recruitment of participants or confidentiality of information? A- The leader of the data collection team recruits their family members for the research B-The Mayor offers use of a conference room in city hall for Informational sessions C- A member of the data collection team volunteers to collect data from their family-owned restaurant employees D-A local primary care provider offers to supply information about residents during the data collection process E- The owner of a factory offers bonuses to employees who participate in the research

A; C; D; E The leader of the data collection team recruits their family members for the research is correct. The nurse should identify that this is a potential ethical issue involving recruitment of individuals that would not usually participate in research. A member of the data collection team volunteers to collect data from their family-owned restaurant employees is correct. The nurse should identify that this is a potential ethical issue involving confidentiality of information of individuals employed by the business. A local primary care provider offers to supply information about residents during the data collection process is correct. The nurse should identify that this is a potential ethical issue involving confidentiality of information of residents who may be clients of the provider. The owner of a factory offers bonuses to employees who participate in the research is correct. The nurse should identify that this is a potential ethical issue involving recruitment of individuals that would not usually participate in research.

A community health nurse is giving a presentation to a group of students about collecting data on a community's environments. Which of the following environments should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a) Physical b) Social c) Global d) State e) Occupational

a) Physical b) Social e) Occupational Physical is correct. Physical environments should be included when collecting data on a community. Questions should be tailored to the physical and social environments surrounding a community during work, school, recreation, and home life. Social is correct. Social environments should be included when collecting data on a community. Questions should be tailored to the physical and social environments surrounding a community during work, school, recreation, and home life. Occupational is correct. Collecting occupational data such as work locations and the work environments should be included to determine potential occupational exposures.

A community health nurse is leading a group of nurse volunteers to help with a mass casualty disaster. Which of the following actions is the priority for the volunteers to take? a) Evacuate the area from one end to the other. b) Keep individuals safe and remove those in harm's way. c) Take detailed summaries from wounded people about the events that occurred. d) Perform debriefing exercises.

b) Keep individuals safe and remove those in harm's way. The community health nurse plays a key role in the immediate and long-term environmental influences on health following natural disasters. The nurse should recognize that the greatest risk to the individuals involved in the mass casualty incident is further injury so keeping individuals safe and removing them from danger is a priority action for health care workers during and following disasters.

A home care nurse is visiting a client and their family to conduct an environmental assessment of their home. The nurse discovers peeling paint on the walls in the home which is over 50 years old. Using the nursing process, which of the following actions should the nurse take next? a) Have everyone in the home have a BLL test done. b) Review the data and make a hypothesis regarding the potential for lead in the home. c) Work with the family to develop realistic goals to deal with the peeling paint in the home. d) Determine if the goals will need to be modified to achieve an improved health outcome.

b) Review the data and make a hypothesis regarding the potential for lead in the home. The second step in the nursing process is analysis/diagnosis. Lead can be found in paint and is especially dangerous if the paint is peeling or chipping, therefore, the nurse should identify the need to further test the hypothesis of lead in the home and the potential for lead poisoning.

A charge nurse changes nursing assignments to accommodate the request for a female nurse from a Muslim client who is female. Which of the following qualities does this action by the charge nurse demonstrate? a. Cultural humility b. Cultural awareness c. Cultural diversity d. Cultural safety

b. Cultural awareness The nurse should understand that this action is an example of cultural awareness, which is being knowledgeable about one's own thoughts and feelings and having an appreciation of the diversity of others for their culture.

A nurse is caring for a client who asks how their food choices might affect their blood pressure. To which of the following members of the interprofessional team should the nurse refer this client? a. Kinesiologist b. Dietitian c. Social worker d. Pharmacist

b. Dietitian Rationale: The nurse should request a referral for the client to see a dietitian. A dietitian is part of the interprofessional team and can go through the client's list of foods to determine if they are affecting their blood pressure.

Which of the following health promotion initiatives were launched to implement interventions for better overall health in the U.S.? a. Paris Agreement b. Healthy People 2030 c. Sustainable Development Goals d. Tennessee Valley Authority

b. Healthy People 2030 Rationale: The Healthy People initiative was launched in 1980 to help the United States set goals for a healthier society.

A nurse is discussing cultural competence with a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following can occur when there is a lack of cultural understanding? a. Adherence to interventions b. Ineffective communication c. Decreased health care costs d. Improved outcomes

b. Ineffective communication A lack of cultural competence can contribute to ineffective communication, nonadherence to interventions, and client dissatisfaction. Effective communication can only occur when the nurse is culturally competent in the communication and language of that culture.

A nurse is speaking with the nursing supervisor about a staffing shortage and its implications for staff on their unit. Which of the following forms of advocacy is the nurse demonstrating? a. Political and legislative advocacy b. Professional advocacy c. Community advocacy d. Client advocacy

b. Professional advocacy Rationale: The nurse is demonstrating professional advocacy by speaking with the nursing supervisor regarding the staffing shortage on their unit and its implications for staff, such as burnout and safety concerns.

Which of the following Sustainable Development Goals would be achieved if nations implemented recycling programs in their major cities? a. Reduction of inequalities b. Responsible consumption and production c. Affordable and clean energy d. Clean water and sanitation

b. Responsible consumption and production Rationale: Implementing recycling programs in major cities is an example of responsible consumption and production. Recycling programs reduce waste in the environment and provide a chance to reuse those materials in other products, decreasing the usage of natural resources.

A nurse is preparing an orientation for newly licensed community health nurses on the standards of professional practice. Which of the following is a critical thinking model that describes a competent level of nursing care? a. Elements and Standards Model b. The nursing process c. The Minnesota Model for Public Health Nursing Practice d.Professional Nursing Model

b. The nursing process Rationale: The nursing process is a critical thinking model describing a competent level of nursing care. When the nursing process is applied in community health settings, the nurse has the opportunity to employ systematic strategies when caring for clients. The nurse will use interpersonal and intellectual skills in combination with clinical judgment to promote client health and safety of the populations involved.

A nurse working at a community health center is caring for a client that reports disappointment and feeling ashamed of their weight. Which of the following responses should the nurse give? a. "How about if you start tracking your caloric intake?" b. "Many people struggle with weight loss." c. "What has been bothering you the most about your weight?" d. "Medications may be able to help you lose a lot of weight if you'd like to try that."

c. "What has been bothering you the most about your weight?" Rationale: This is the most appropriate response by the nurse because it acknowledges the client's expressed concerns, is open-ended, and encourages further discussion.

A community health nurse is reinforcing education on insulin administration to a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which of the following elements of Nursing's Social Contract is the nurse demonstrating? a. Collaboration b. Ethical practice c. Autonomy of practice d. Promotion of the health of the public

c. Autonomy of practice Rationale: The nurse is demonstrating the element of autonomy of practice of nursing's social contract. Autonomy of practice involves providing education of disease management and insulin administration within the scope and standards of practice for a community health nurse.

A nurse working in the family planning clinic is working with an adolescent client who has expressed interest in birth control options. Which of the following is an example of how the nurse can practice with compassion and value the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of the client? a. Take responsibility for recommending that the client use hormonal contraception. b. Advocate for the right of the minor's parents to authorize prescribed birth control medication. c. Establish a rapport by respecting the client's interests and providing education on all birth control options. d. Promote the use of contraception among the client's peers at a community event.

c. Establish a rapport by respecting the client's interests and providing education on all birth control options. Rationale: Provision 1 of the American Nurses Association (ANA)Code of Ethics is when the nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.

A nurse in a community health clinic is reviewing statistics of recent population growth in the United States. Which of the racial and ethnic populations should the nurse identify as having the largest recent growth rate? a. Black b. Non-Hispanic White c. Hispanic and Latino d. Asian

c. Hispanic and Latino The nurse should recognize that the Hispanic and Latino population has doubled in size over the last decade contributing greatly to the population growth in the United States.

A nurse executive is incorporating the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) to achieve better outcomes for clients of the facility. The nurse executive should identify that which of the following is a function of CLAS? a. Teaching leadership skills to promote culturally diverse nursing care b. Providing memberships to nursing associations that promote cultural competence c. Increasing awareness of diverse cultural identities d. Offering linguistic services to improve outcomes

c. Increasing awareness of diverse cultural identities The nurse should identify that the functions of CLAS are a way to assist all health care professionals to increase awareness of diverse cultural identities, which leads to better client outcomes.

A community health nurse is partnering with the local library in a small town to hold workshops on filling out paperwork for student funding for trade schools and colleges. The nurse should recognize that this action is supported by which of the following statements about the lack of affordability in higher education? a. It decreases the residents' access to healthcare. b. It decreases the residents' health literacy. c. It decreases the local residents' chances of gaining skills and knowledge for various job opportunities. d. It decreases the number of job opportunities in the local area.

c. It decreases the local residents' chances of gaining skills and knowledge for various job opportunities. Rationale: When there's not enough funding for schools or affordable education, the local residents' chances at increasing their wage-earning potential are decreased.

Due to a rise in whooping cough cases among middle school-age students, the school board requires an additional dose of Tdap vaccine to attend the 7th grade. Which of the following community outreach actions should the school nurse use to promote this updated policy? a. Recruit teachers to help spread the word about the immunization requirement. b. Establish one-on-one counseling sessions for each of the students' families about immunizations. c. Organize virtual educational sessions on immunizations within the school district. d. Inform the students who will enter 7th grade of the required additional vaccine.

c. Organize virtual educational sessions on immunizations within the school district. Rationale: The school nurse should realize that a public policy measure, such as increased immunizations for school attendance, is to promote the safety and well-being of clients in the school population. Therefore, it is appropriate for the school nurse to advocate for the approach that would be best suited to motivate the student population and inform their families of the new vaccine requirement.

A nurse manager is preparing a presentation on components of cultural competence. Which of the following definitions should the manager provide for the concept of cultural diversity? a. Knowledge of one's own thoughts and feelings about diversity b. Knowledge that allows one to appreciate other cultures c. Recognition of differences in race, color, ethnicity, or nationality that exist among individuals d. Self-reflection and critique of power imbalances that allow health inequities

c. Recognition of differences in race, color, ethnicity, or nationality that exist among individuals The nurse should explain that cultural diversity is the range of human variation that exists among individuals. Cultural diversity includes such differences as race, color, ethnicity, or nationality.

A public health nurse is going to deliver a message to the residents in town about a primary preventive measure to stop the spread of a communicable disease during an outbreak. Which of the following could be included in the message? a. Getting lab work done to screen for the disease b. Completing the antibiotic regimen as prescribed c. Speaking about hand hygiene and what kinds of products to use d. Calling the physician if signs and symptoms should return

c. Speaking about hand hygiene and what kinds of products to use Rationale: This is an example of a primary level of prevention. Screening is secondary level while the other two instructions are on the tertiary level.

A public health nurse has been assigned to call a client who speaks a different language than the nurse. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates cultural competency? a. Ask the client's family member to help with interpretation. b. Ask the office receptionist who can speak multiple languages to help with interpretation. c. Use the organization's interpretation or translation service for this call. d. Speak slowly and use simple terms.

c. Use the organization's interpretation or translation service for this call. Rationale: Language barriers can lead to miscommunication, and use of an interpretation or translation service can help to improve satisfaction, quality, and safety of care.

In order to support and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve the overall health of the local area, which of the following interventions might a public health nurse employ? a. Hiring diverse and highly trained staff for the state health department b. Posting information about domestic violence on the health department website c. Working with a local hospital to become an immunization station during an epidemic d. Sending a nurse epidemiologist to investigate a suspected outbreak

c. Working with a local hospital to become an immunization station during an epidemic Rationale: This public health essential service addresses supporting any partnerships the health department develops to utilize their resources and skills to address health issues affecting the public as a whole.

A nurse is assigned to debrief a group of nursing students after a clinical rotation at a community center. One of the students asks how racism impacts public health. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? a. Racism leads to decreases in health disparities among underrepresented populations. b. Racism is the result of health illiteracy which negatively impacts health outcomes. c. Racism's impact on health is limited to areas that have a lack of access to healthy foods and safe housing. d. Racism can negatively impact the mental and physical health of communities.

d. Racism can negatively impact the mental and physical health of communities. The nurse needs to be aware that racism contributes to the presence of health disparities. According to the CDC, racism can have lasting effects on mental and physical health of diverse communities, families, and nations.

A public health nurse is providing an explanation to newly hired public health nurses on the concept of community health nursing as a population-based service. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the explanation? a. Physical assessment prior to hospital admission b. Intake interviews for long-term care placement c. Develop policies for health benefits at a local factory d. Screening and surveillance of communicable diseases

d. Screening and surveillance of communicable diseases Rationale: A key role of the community/public health nurse involves disease and health event investigation, as well as surveillance, screening, and community outreach for diseases including communicable and non-communicable diseases. Surveillance involves assessment of the population health prior to and following health events. Screening is employed to identify disease cases within the population.

A community health nurse is reinforcing teaching to new nures on a scenario in which a nurse has forgotten to refer a client to a social worker, causing a delay in medication coverage for the client. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates the element of responsibility and accountability under nursing's social contract? a. The nurse requests to speak to their supervisor to discuss workload. b. The nurse explains the reason why the delay occurred. c. The nurse makes excuses for the delay. d. The nurse accepts fault in the delay of the client's medication coverage.

d. The nurse accepts fault in the delay of the client's medication coverage. Rationale: In accepting the fault for the situation, the nurse is demonstrating the element of responsibility and accountability of nursing's social contract. The nurse has accepted fault and is transparent about the situation.