Sociology Final Study Guide

30. What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to it members?

Education

48. Why would a company outsource or contract out labor they might otherwise employ their own staff to perform

Its cheaper

42. An association of workers who organize to improve their economic status and working conditions is called

Labor Union

11. How is patriarchy defined

Male Dominated

46. What is a sweatshop?

Shop or factory in which employees work long hours at low wages and unhealthy conditions

22. In terms of health and life expectancy, what is "the great equalizer"

Smoking

15. The process of learning behavior and meanings through social interaction is called

Social Learning

5. What do sociologists call awareness of our own and others' class statuses

class consciousness

37. Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called

A knowledge worker

47. According to the U.S. General Accounting Office, an employer that violates more than one federal or state labor law concerning wages, overtime, child labor, safety and health, or industrial regulation is classified as:

A sweatshop

19. When does gender role socialization begin

At Birth

26. A political system that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government is called

Authoritarian

49. The ability to direct one's individual destiny is

Autonomy

40. What are the benefits of telecommuting

Businessess gets increased productivity and less sick days

32. Public schools that are run by private entities are called

Charter School

21. Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender norms

Children, especially boys

2. What do we call norm violations that are codified into law?

Crimes

7. A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is

Cultural Assimilation

23. Which of the following disorders occurs more often in women than in men

Depression and Anxiety

28. What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?

Disenfranchised

34. Why do critics object to school vouchers?

Do not improve public education. Do the opposite and drain funds

33. Schools that blend high school and college are called

Dual enrolled students

36. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin

England

10. People who see gender as immutable and deriving solely from biology are called

Essentialists

17. According to Talcott Parsons and other functionalists, which role are women better suited for

Expressive

16. Social movements organized around a belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes are called

Feminism

12. The roles, traits, and behaviors that are associated with a particular gender are called

Gender Identity

44. The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called:

Globalization

18. The family member who is task driven, breadwinning, and authoritative is taking the

Instrumental Role

13. What two roles did the structuralist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?

Instrumental and Expressive

9. The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group's political borders is called:

Internal Colonialism

43. What effect did the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 have on unions

It instituted limitations on secondary strikes and boycotts

6. Which of the following is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit

Meritocracy

27. The methods and tactics of managing a political entity are called

Politics

38. Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism

Privatization of the means of production

24. For what two categories of crime are women more likely to be arrested than men

Prostitution

41. Tactics that let workers take back some degree of control over the conditions in which they work are called

Resistance Strategies

39. The economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production and collective distribution of goods and services is called

Socialism

29. Organizations formed expressly to raise and spend money in order to influence elected officials are called

Special interest groups

25. Why are female runaways more likely to be reported as missing by their parents

Tendency to feel girls are weak and need protection

35. New innovations in farming like mechanized seed spreaders and new techniques of crop rotation were part of what macro-level social change?

The agricultural revolution

50. What is the group of nonprofit organizations that are designed to run as cost effectively as possible and to direct any earnings back into the causes they support called

The third sector

20. How do teachers treat boys and girls differently

They let boys interrupt them, give them more praise, criticism, and suggestions for remediation

31. When students are tested, and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.), this process is called

Tracking

45. Firms that purposely transcend national borders so that their products can be manufactured at sites all over the world are called

Transnational corporations

14. According to Friedrich Engels, how do capitalists benefit from a patriarchal system

Women do the work of reproducing the labor force

3. In the United States, legislatures, police, courts, and prisons make up the

criminal justice system

1. The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called

differential association theory

8. An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called

discrimination

4. What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?

social class