Sociology Final Study Guide
30. What is the central means by which modern society transmits knowledge, values, and expectations to it members?
Education
48. Why would a company outsource or contract out labor they might otherwise employ their own staff to perform
Its cheaper
42. An association of workers who organize to improve their economic status and working conditions is called
Labor Union
11. How is patriarchy defined
Male Dominated
46. What is a sweatshop?
Shop or factory in which employees work long hours at low wages and unhealthy conditions
22. In terms of health and life expectancy, what is "the great equalizer"
Smoking
15. The process of learning behavior and meanings through social interaction is called
Social Learning
5. What do sociologists call awareness of our own and others' class statuses
class consciousness
37. Someone who works primarily with information and develops or uses knowledge in the workplace is called
A knowledge worker
47. According to the U.S. General Accounting Office, an employer that violates more than one federal or state labor law concerning wages, overtime, child labor, safety and health, or industrial regulation is classified as:
A sweatshop
19. When does gender role socialization begin
At Birth
26. A political system that denies ordinary people participation or representation in their government is called
Authoritarian
49. The ability to direct one's individual destiny is
Autonomy
40. What are the benefits of telecommuting
Businessess gets increased productivity and less sick days
32. Public schools that are run by private entities are called
Charter School
21. Who is most likely to be mocked by their peers for violating gender norms
Children, especially boys
2. What do we call norm violations that are codified into law?
Crimes
7. A set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial or ethnic group compared to another is
Cultural Assimilation
23. Which of the following disorders occurs more often in women than in men
Depression and Anxiety
28. What is it called when a government bars an individual, either temporarily or permanently, from voting?
Disenfranchised
34. Why do critics object to school vouchers?
Do not improve public education. Do the opposite and drain funds
33. Schools that blend high school and college are called
Dual enrolled students
36. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin
England
10. People who see gender as immutable and deriving solely from biology are called
Essentialists
17. According to Talcott Parsons and other functionalists, which role are women better suited for
Expressive
16. Social movements organized around a belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes are called
Feminism
12. The roles, traits, and behaviors that are associated with a particular gender are called
Gender Identity
44. The cultural and economic changes that result from dramatic increases in international trade and exchange are called:
Globalization
18. The family member who is task driven, breadwinning, and authoritative is taking the
Instrumental Role
13. What two roles did the structuralist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?
Instrumental and Expressive
9. The exploitation of a minority group within the dominant group's political borders is called:
Internal Colonialism
43. What effect did the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 have on unions
It instituted limitations on secondary strikes and boycotts
6. Which of the following is a form of stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit
Meritocracy
27. The methods and tactics of managing a political entity are called
Politics
38. Which of the following is one of the primary principles of capitalism
Privatization of the means of production
24. For what two categories of crime are women more likely to be arrested than men
Prostitution
41. Tactics that let workers take back some degree of control over the conditions in which they work are called
Resistance Strategies
39. The economic system based on collective ownership of the means of production and collective distribution of goods and services is called
Socialism
29. Organizations formed expressly to raise and spend money in order to influence elected officials are called
Special interest groups
25. Why are female runaways more likely to be reported as missing by their parents
Tendency to feel girls are weak and need protection
35. New innovations in farming like mechanized seed spreaders and new techniques of crop rotation were part of what macro-level social change?
The agricultural revolution
50. What is the group of nonprofit organizations that are designed to run as cost effectively as possible and to direct any earnings back into the causes they support called
The third sector
20. How do teachers treat boys and girls differently
They let boys interrupt them, give them more praise, criticism, and suggestions for remediation
31. When students are tested, and the test results are used to place them in a certain category of classes (remedial, advanced, college prep, etc.), this process is called
Tracking
45. Firms that purposely transcend national borders so that their products can be manufactured at sites all over the world are called
Transnational corporations
14. According to Friedrich Engels, how do capitalists benefit from a patriarchal system
Women do the work of reproducing the labor force
3. In the United States, legislatures, police, courts, and prisons make up the
criminal justice system
1. The idea that individuals learn to be deviant by interacting with others who are already deviant is called
differential association theory
8. An action or behavior that results in the unequal treatment of an individual because of his membership in a racial or ethnic group is called
discrimination
4. What system of stratification is commonly used in capitalist societies?
social class