Midterm Fall 2021

You can create a ______________ file in your repository's root directory to tell Git which files and directories to ignore when you make a commit.

.gitignore

Given the following code, what is the values that are printed? list2 = range(1,16,3) for i in list2: print(i)

1 4 7 10 13

falsy

A value treated in comparison operations as the Boolean value false. A characteristic of empty lists, strings, and tuples in Python.

What is the name of the Anaconda GUI that comes with Anaconda Individual Edition that allows you to launch applications and manage packages?

Anaconda Navigator

Given the following code, what will be printed? students = ("John", "Sue", "Bill", "Joan", "Andrew", "Colette") print(students[4])

Andrew

Given the following code, how many lines will be printed? x = 15 if x > 0: print("x is greater than 0") if x > 5: print("x is greater than 5") if x > 10: print("x is greater than 10") if x > 15: print("x is greater than 15")

3

Give the following code, what is the length of list1? list1 = range(5,25,5)

4

Which feature of version control is most directly responsible for allowing continuous integration (CI) testing?

Automating processes

Which of the following were debugging recommendations provided by the instructor?

Breathe, add print() statements to your code, explain your code out loud

Given the following code, what will the value of car be? cars = {"Dodge" : "Charger", "Kia" : "Sorento", "Chevy" : "Camaro", "Lincoln" : "Navigator"} car = cars["Chevy"]

Camaro

Pandas has which three main objects

DataFrame, Series, Index

Which feature of version control allows teams of developers/testers working at remote locations to communicate during a project?

Enhancing Collaboration

NumPy ndarray's are multidimensional containers for heterogeneous data (True/False)

False

The df.tail() command will display the last 10 rows of a DataFrame. (True/False)

False

Using plt.scatter should be preferred over using plt.plot when plotting large datasets because is requires less processing.

False

Version control does not allow programmers at remote locations to work on the same files at the same time. (True/False)

False

What type of plot is often used as a first step in "understanding a dataset"?

Histogram

Which Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is lightweight and comes with Python?

IDLE

Select all the applications installed by default and ready to Launch on the Anaconda Navigator dashboard

Powershell Prompt, Jupyter Notebook, Jupyter Lab, Spyder

What is the name of the IDE (Integrated Development Environment) you were asked to Launch as one of the steps in the Getting started with Anaconda instructions?

Spyder

Which full-function Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is available as part of the Anaconda package?

Spyder

With version control, if one programmer overlays another programmer's code -- can the original code be recovered? (True/False)

True

Matplotlib

a tool for visualization in Python; built on NumPy arrays and designed to work with the broader SciPy stack. Conceived by John Hunter in 2003. Plays well with many OS's and graphics backends

What is one of Matplotlib's most important features?

ability to play well with many operating systems and graphics backends

git add

add a file as it looks now to your next commit (stage)

Which assert statement would check to see if multiply_nums (x, y) function works correctly?

assert multiply_nums (8, 2) == 16

2 types of testing

unit testing (tests individual module functions), integration testing (tests modules' interaction with each other)

What class is subclassed when writing unittest testcases?

unittest.TestCase

When using Matplotlib subplots, the grid indexing runs from ...

upper left to bottom right

Unittest

used to define test cases to validate the behavior of your code

S2 = pd.Series ( [2, 4, 6], index = ['a', 'b', 'c'])

user defined Series creation

If a Pandas Series has a label-based index (user-defined), the data can be accessed using...?

both

Given the following code, what will the output of the print statement be? colors = {"blue", "green", "red", "yellow", "orange"} print(type(colors))

class 'set'

git commit -m "[descriptive msg]"

commit your staged content as a new commit snapshot

What command allows you to join a sequence of arrays along an existing axis?

concatenate

Matplotlib figures

consists of (among other items) title, xlabel, ylabel, legend, xticks, yticks, linestyle, color - all can be customized

If you want to eliminated one (or more) of the columns from your DataFrame, you can do so using what command?

drop()

When creating a NumPy array, to explicitly set the data type of the resulting array you use the ________ keyword.

dtype

ndarray

generic multidimensional container for homogeneous data

Series

homogenous one-dimensional array, the basic Pandas object

NumPy arrays are most often compared to what Python data type?

lists

What debugging strategy was used in the lab that allowed you to send messages to the console and/or a file?

logging

The ______________ branch in Git is 1st branch and is often designated as the Production branch.

main/master

git merge

merge the specified branch's history into the current one

Which NumPy function was used in the lab to initialize all the entries in an array to a specified value (not 1 or 0)?

np.full

What command would be used to create a square array with 1's on the main diagonal, and all other elements set to 0's?

np.identity

The command to create an array with 5 values evenly spaced between 0 and 25 is:

np.linspace(0,25,5)

ndim

number of dimensions

A Pandas DataFrame can be created with a CSV file using what command?

pd.read_csv()

Matplotlib plt.plot vs plt.scatter

plot - creates plots, including scatterplots. points are clones of each other so processing is done once; higher performance, faster. scatter - more powerful, can render different size and/or color for each point

What is the primary difference between plt.scatter and plt.plot when it comes to plotting individual points?

plt.scatter plots can control the properties of each individual point

Matplotlib subplot

plt.subplot(rows,cols,index) - single subplot within a grid, indexed from upper left to bottom right

pdb

python debugger included with python and run from the command line

What command allows you to change the dimensions of an array, for example -- change a 12-element array to a 2D 3X4 array.

reshape

git clone [url]

retrieve an entire repository from a hosted location via URL

The plt.subplot() command takes 3 integer arguments. What are the 3 arguments (in the correct order)?

rows, columns, index

git config --global user.email "[email-addr]"

set the email address that identifies the user for all git commands

git config --global user.name "[user name]"

set the name that identifies the user for all git commands

git status

show modified files in working directory, staged for your next commit

What command was required to render the plots visible when using Jupyter?

show()

ndarray itemsize

size (in bytes) of each array element

ndarray: shape

size of each dimension

What type of Matplotlib plot allows you to compare different views of data side by side?

subplots

git checkout

switch to another branch and check it out into your working directory

Asserts

tests a condition and raises an AssertionError if false

Series objects can be created with a label-based index by specifying the labels for the index using ...

the index= parameter

ndarray nbytes

total size (in bytes) of the array

git push

transmit the local branch commits to the remote repository branch

In NumPy arrays, elements are stored in contiguous blocks of memory for faster operations.

True

Individual DataFrame rows can be printed using the index value with the .iloc command (True/False)

True

Basic debugging strategies

Using print("x") statements, output via python's logging function, interactive debugging tools (eg pdb)

git init

initialize an existing directory as a Git repository

What are the two types of testing discussed in this lesson?

integration testing, unit testing

Which statement about Pandas DataFrames and Series is True?

A DataFrame is a collection of Series while a Series is an array/list.

If an Assert condition fails, the program will stop and generate what type of error?

AssertionError

What do Version Control Systems do for developers?

Concurrent Development ~ working on same code at the same time Automation ~ improves productivity and quality (continuous integration) Team Collaboration ~ multiple remote sites in different time zones Preserving History ~ track all changes (when, why, who) High Availability/Disaster Recovery ~ replicas of code

What shortcut key combination can be used to run cell in Jupyter Notebook?

Ctrl + Enter

In the lab we used the Pandas method pd.date_range() method to create...?

Datetimeindex

GitHub ________ was the tool used in the Learning GitHub tutorial to interact with GitHub from the desktop.

Desktop

NumPy

Numerical Python - the most widely used and important foundation package for numerical computing in Python

Pandas

Python Data Analysis Library; may have derived from "panel data"

PEP 8

Python Enhancement Proposals 8, the style guide for python (of note - 79 characters to a line, 4 spaces or 1 tab for indentation)

How does well-written (PEP8) code help the efficiency of the software development process?

Readability, Collaboration, Bug Fixes

Histograms uses ____ to group a range of values, then counts the number of values in that range for plotting.

bins

What Matplotlib object is thought of as the single container that contains all the other objects in a plot?

figure

A Pandas Series is a ______________________ array of indexed data.

one-dimensional

DataFrame

usually heterogeneous two-dimensional container of Series objects; the most common pandas object; basically a dictionary of Series objects