Milady esthetics chapter 9
Fortified
A vitamin has been added to a food product.
Fatty acids
Saturated fats, monosaturated fats, polysaturated fats.
3 basic types of carbohydrates
Simple sugars, starches, fiber.
Adenosine triphosphste (ATP)
Substance that provides energy to cells.
Vitamin D
Sunshine vitamin, the skin is synthesized from cholesterol when exposed to sunlight.
Calories
The measure of heat units.
Vitamin E
Tocopherol, primarily an antioxidant.
Omega-3 fatty acid
Type of good polyunsaturated fat that may decrease the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases.
Minerals
Inorganic materials essential in many cell reactions and bodily functions.
Trace minerals
Iron, iodine, zinc, copper, chromium, fluoride, selenium, manganese.
Glucose
Known as monosaccharide. Mono means 1, & saccharide means sugar, one-unit sugar molecule that all cells use for energy.
Fats
Lipids, third group of macronutrients. Used as energy, but not as carbs.
Hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar or blood glucose. Symptoms: fatigue, anxiety, food cravings.
Disaccharides
Made up of 2 molecular sugar units. Lactose and sucrose are disaccharides.
Polysaccharides
Complex compounds consist of a chain of sugar unit molecules (poly is from Greek polu, meaning many).
Starches
Complex carbohydrates and are present in many vegetables and grains.
Tretinoin
Retin-A or Renova, used to treat both acne and sun-damaged skin.
Retinoic acid
Retin-A, examples of retinoids.
Vitamin A
Retinol, an ingredient used in skin care products designed for aging skin.
Nonessential amino acids
11 of the 20 common amino acids. Can be synthesized by the body and don't have to be in our diet.
Macronutrients
3 basic food groups: proteins carbohydrates & fats.
Linoleic acid
An essential fatty acid used to make important hormones and maintain the lipid barrier of the skin.
Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid, antioxidant that helps protect the body from many forms of oxidation.
Enzymes
Biological catalysts made of protein and vitamins.
Important minerals
Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium.
Mucopolysaccharides
Carbohydrate-lipid complexes that are good water binders.
Proteins
Chains of amino acid molecules that are used by every cell of the body to make other usable proteins.
Arteriosclerosis
Clogging and hardening of the arteries.
Complementary foods
Combinations of two incomplete proteins that, together, provide all essential amino acids and make a complete protein.
Fiber
Commonly called roughage. Two categories: soluble and insoluble.
Vitamin K
Essential for the synthesis of proteins necessary for blood coagulation.
Micronutrients
Essential trace vitamins and minerals that we need for proper body functions.
Monosaccharides
Most basic unit of a carbohydrate is glucose, simplest.
8 B vitamins
Niacin, riboflavin, thiamine, pyridoxine, folacin, biotin, cobalamine, pantothenic acid.
Simple sugars
Present in table sugar (also known as sucrose), fruit sugars (fructose), milk sugars (lactose).
Osteoporosis
Reduction in the quality of bone or atrophy of the skeletal tissue.
Bioflavonoids
Vitamin P, enhance absorption of vitamin C.
50-70%
Water composes ______ of the body's weight.
Glycosaminoglycans
Water-binding substance between fibers of the dermis.
Cholesterol
Waxy substance found in your body that is needed to produce hormones, vitamin D, and bile.