MindTap - PSY201 Chapter 13

Daniel is pretty quirky. He selectively picks out all the red candies from a bowl, insists on lining up all the knives in the drawer, refolds his clothes if they're not crisply aligned, and likes to have the pictures on the wall perfectly balanced. Daniel says, "I am just a little OCD about things." How is a person with an education in abnormal psychology likely to respond?

"Unless you feel you have no choice to do those things—like your family will die if you don't, for example, you shouldn't call it OCD."

Which one of the following scenarios describes a dissociative experience?

A person has an altered sense of reality after taking a psychoactive drug

Which one of the following individuals is displaying behaviors characteristic of someone with a ruminative coping style?

Susan, who regularly rereads the journal in which she documents her thoughts and feelings

Which one of the following statements accurately reflects current data showing the prevalence of mental health disorders in the United States?

About 22 percent of today's teenagers are likely to have a disorder that severely impairs their functioning at some point in their lives.

Drew believes that he was always the smartest kid in his class. Now an adult, he seemed to have an overwhelming need for others to admire him, but he rarely admires others—more often he is critical of others as he compares them to himself. Drew is quick to say that he is great with people "on his level" and nice enough to people who aren't. As far as he's concerned, his life is pretty good overall. Which one of the following strategies would be most useful to assess whether Drew has a mental health disorder?

Ask Drew's spouse, "Does Drew's behavior interfere with your own daily life or your shared life together?"

The diagnostic criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) require that:

a person's symptoms interfere with the person's ability to function.

Ishaan is extremely shy and socially awkward. He tends to keep to himself most of the time, and his parents and teachers have noticed that he's inordinately sensitive to negative criticism. He often thinks that the other kids think he is not good enough at anything, whether they're playing sports or just hanging out. At a parent-teacher conference, Ishaan's mother says, "I think he is just antisocial." His teacher, who has a background in psychology, is most likely to reply that:

although Ishaan may seem "antisocial" based on how people use that term in conversation, his behavior is not indicative of antisocial personality disorder.

Darius is a neurobiological researcher who uses modern imaging technology to study the brains of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Of the following, the most common structural abnormality he sees in these brains is:

bigger-than-normal ventricles

For a behavior to be identified by mental health professionals as indicating a disorder, it must:

cause distress or make it difficult to function in daily life

Cognitive components of anxiety include:

concern about losing control and a tendency to exaggerate the danger of a situation

Tara tells her new therapist that she has been sad and lethargic for as long as she can remember—at least since the start of high school five years ago. She manages to get to class, but she's not very interested in social interaction, except every once in a while when she has a burst of energy and can't seem to stop talking. Given these symptoms, Tara's therapist is most likely to think that Tara may have:

cyclothymic disorder

The primary characteristic associated with borderline personality disorder is:

frequent changes in self-concept and behaviors

A person with a diagnosis of specific phobia is most likely to be afraid of:

heights

Sheila is convinced she has an autoimmune disorder because she is frequently tired and often gets sick. She has visited six different doctors in the past year, but they don't agree on a diagnosis. Despite her protests, her spouse makes her an appointment with a psychiatrist. After a basic interview, the psychiatrist is most likely to suspect that Sheila has:

illness anxiety disorder

People who are stable and functioning well after a diagnosis of schizophrenia are at the greatest risk of relapse if they:

live with family members who do not communicate effectively with each other.

A diagnosis of major depressive disorder requires that a person report both a depressed mood and:

loss of interest or pleasure in regular activities

The physical symptoms of anxiety are caused by the activation of the:

sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system

Although people of all genders attempt suicide, women are more likely than men to:

take a lethal dose of drugs as a way to end their lives.

The best way to characterize schizophrenia for someone who has not taken a psychology class is to say that it is a disorder in which:

the person loses touch with reality as the elements of their personality shatter into pieces

People with personality disorders most commonly seek treatment because:

they were sent by loved ones because their behavior is problematic.