MIS Chapter 11
What are the 6 elements of the Business Intelligence Environment?
1. Data from the business environment 2. Business Intelligence Infrastructure 3. Business analytics toolset 4. Managerial uses and methods 5. Delivery Platform 6. User Interface
What are the steps in the decision making process?
1. Intelligence 2. Design 3. Choice 4. Implementation
___% of all BI users are casual users
80%
This quality of decision making means the decision reflects reality
Accuracy
How can you tell if a decision is "better" or "improved"? (6 qualities)
Accuracy, Comprehensiveness, Fairness, Speed (efficiency), Coherence, and Due Process
_______ allows users to create their own reports based on queries and searches
Ad Hoc Query/Search/Report Creation
Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems deal with which type(s) of knowledge?
All 3 types
What are intelligence techniques based off of?
Artificial intelligence technology
_______ are computer-based systems (hardware and software) that attempt to emulate human behavior and thought patterns
Artificial intelligence technology
__________ helps decision makes with goal seeking
Background sensitivity analysis
___________ is the framework for operationalizing a firm's strategic plan by focusing on measurable outcomes on 4 dimensions of the firm's performance
Balanced Scorecard
____________ is a vendor defined term that focuses more on tools and techniques for analyzing and understanding data
Business Analytics
________ is a set of software tools used to analyze data and produce reports, respond to managers questions, and truck business progress using Key Performance Indicators
Business Analytics Toolset
_________ & __________ are about integrating all information streams into a single, coherent enterprise-wide set of data and then using modeling, statistical analysis, and data mining tools to make sense out of the data so managers can maker better decisions
Business Analytics and Business Intelligence
___________ is a word used by hardward/software vendors and information technology consultants to describe the infrastructure for warehousing, integrating, reporting, and analyzing data that come from the business environment
Business Intelligence
_________ attempts to systematically translate a firm's strategies into operational targets
Business Performance Management
What part of the balanced scorecard framework consists of # of activities, accident ratios, equipment downtime, process execution time, and resource efficiency?
Business Processes
Managers impose order on data analysis using methods that define strategic ______ & specify how ______ will be measured
Business goals; progress
What are some examples of data from the business environment?
Call centers, web sites, mobile devices, social media data, stores, supplies, and government and economic data
__________ is where knowledge and past experiences of human specialists are represented as cases and stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a new case with similar parameters
Case-based reasoning
This stage of the decision making process includes choosing from solution alternatives
Choice
This quality of decision making means the decision reflects a rational process that can be explained to others and made understandable
Coherence
This quality of decision making means the decision reflects a full consideration of the facts and circumstances
Comprehensiveness
What part of the balanced scorecard framework consists of delivery performance, quality performance, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer retention?
Customers
____ uses mathematical or analytical models to perform what-if or other kinds of analysis
DSS
______ is a visual tool for presenting performance data defined by users
Dashboards/Scorecards
_______ features structured and unstructured data from different sources that needs to be integrated and organized so it can be analyzed by decision makers
Data from the business environment
What is user interface?
Data visualization
___________ are for users who want to create their own reports, use more sophisticated analytics and models, to find patterns in data, to use alternative business scenarios, or to test specific hypotheses
Decision Support Systems
One of the biggest contributions of information systems is _________, both to individuals and groups
Decision making
________ delivers info and knowledge to different people and levels of the firm
Delivery platform
This stage of the decision making process includes identifying and exploring various solutions
Design
______ is the ability to move from a high level summary to a more detailed view
Drill down
This quality of decision making means the decision is the result of a known process and can be appealed to a higher authority
Due Process
________ are general purpose, firm wide systems that collect, store, distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge
Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems
_______ typically perform a limited number of tasks that can be performed by professionals in a few minutes-hours
Expert Systems
________ captures human expertise in a limited domain of knowledge as a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization
Expert Systems
What are the 6 Intelligence Techniques?
Expert Systems Case-Based Reasoning Genetic Algorithms Neural Networks Fuzzy Logic Intelligent Agents
____ are useful in decision making where expertise is expensive or in short supply
Expert systems
This quality of decision making means the decision faithfully reflects the concerns and interests of affected parties
Fairness
What part of the balanced scorecard framework consists of cash flow, return on capital employed, return on equity, return on investment, and financial result?
Financial
What are the 4 dimensions of the firm's performance on a balanced scorecard?
Financial, business process, customer, and learning and growth
_________ include capabilities for linear forecasting, "What-if" scenario analysis, and analyzing data using standard statistical tools
Forecasts, Scenarios, and Models
_________ allows incremental changes in inputs to produce smooth changes in outputs, instead of discontinuous ones
Fuzzy Logic
__________ is a rule-based technology that represents imprecision by creating rules that use approximate or subjective values
Fuzzy Logic
_________ are useful for finding the best solution for a problem by examining a very large number of alternative solutions for that problem
Genetic algorithms
_________ represents solutions by a string of 0s and 1s
Genetic algorithms
_________ ties location data about the distribution of people or other resources to points, lines, and areas on a map
Geographic Information Systems
____________ provide tools to help decision makers visualize problems that benefit mapping
Geographic Information Systems
What are some examples of unstructured decisions?
Goals of the organization New markets
__________ are an interactive computer-based system for facilitating the solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group in the same location or in different locations
Group-Decision Support System
This stage of the decision making process includes making the chosen alternative work and monitoring how it goes
Implementation
This stage of the decision making process includes discovering, identifying, and understanding the problems occurring in the organization
Intelligence
_________ are software programs that work in the background without direct human intervention to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for an individual user, business process, or software application
Intelligent agents
_________ helps navigate through large amounts of data to locate and act on information that is important
Intelligent agents
In Expert systems, ______ searches through the collection of rules and formulates conclusions
Interference engine
In Expert systems, __________ searches through the rules, and "fires" those rules that are triggered by facts gathers and entered by the user
Interference engine
In business performance management, once strategies/targets are identified, ____ are developed to monitor progress
KPIs
Senior management measures performance by _____
Key Performance Indicators
___________ is the set of business processes developed in an organization to create, store, transfer, and apply knowledge
Knowledge management
_____ & ______ systems provide tools for knowledge discovery, communication, and collaboration that make knowledge more easily available to decision makers and integrate it into the business processes of the firm
Knowledge management systems and knowledge work systems
What part of the balanced scorecard framework consists of Investment rate, illness rate, internal promotions %, employee turnover, and gender ratios?
Learning and growth
__________ is the ability to gain business insight from the location (geographic) component of data
Location analytics
Many BI pre-packaged production reports are _____ reports supporting structured decision making for operational and middle managers
MIS
What are the 3 types of delivery platforms?
MIS, DSS, ESS
Who uses semistructured decisions?
Middle Management
What are some examples of business analytics toolset?
Models, data mining, OLAP, reporting and query tools, big data analytics
__________ are used for solving complex, poorly understood problems for which large amounts of data have been collected
Neural Networks
_________ finds patterns and relationships in massive amounts of data that would be too complicated and difficult for a human being
Neural networks
__________ "learns" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model's own mistakes
Neural networks
Can neural networks always explain how they got the solution?
No
Who uses structured decisions?
Operational Management
_______ has several parameters and filter data and isolate impacts of parameters
Parameterized reports
"Super user" managers and analysts employ this to identify and understand patterns in business information that may be useful for semistructured decision making
Pivot Table
What is an example of a parameterized report?
Pivot Table
________ uses statistical analysis, data mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict future trends and behavior patterns
Predictive analytics
_______ are pre-defined reports based on industry-specific requirements
Production reports
What are the 6 analytic functionalities that BI systems deliver to achieve it's goals?
Production reports Parameterized reports Dashboards/Scorecards Ad Hoc Query/search/report creation Drill down Forecast, Scenarios, and Models
What is predictive analytics used for?
Sales, marketing, finance, fraud detection, health care, credit scoring
In this type of decision, only part of the problem has a clear cut answer provided by an accepted procedure
Semistructured
Who uses Unstructured Decisions?
Senior management
________ asks what-if questions repeatedly to predict outcomes if changes occur in those values
Sensitivity analysis
This quality of decision making means the decision making is efficient with respect to time and and other resources, including the time and resources of affected parties
Speed (Efficiency)
This type of decision involves definite procedure for decision making
Structured
In this type of decision, it is routine and repetitive
Structured decision
What are the three types of decisions?
Structured, Unstructured, and Semistructured Decisions
__________ is expertise and experience of organizational members that hasn't been formally written down
Tacit knowledge
In this type of decision, the decision maker must provide judgement, evaluation, and insight to solve the problem
Unstructured
In this type of decision, there is no agreed-upon procedure for decision making
Unstructured
In this type of decision, each decision is novel, important, and nonroutine
Unstructured Decision
in case based reasoning, _____ are also appended to the case with explanations why the solution didn't work
Unsuccessful solutions
________ works from known/assumed conditions and allows users to vary certain values to test results to predict outcomes if changes occur in those values
What-if analysis
What is an example of a structured decision?
Who gets overtime pay
What are some examples of semistructured decisions?
Why sales have declined
For ESS to be useful, the info must be _____
action-able
________ means that info must be readily available and easy to use when making decisions
action-able
Neural networks are best used to (aid/replace) human decision makers
aid
Predictive analytics are now talking advantage of ________ accumulated in private and public sectors, including data from social media, customer transactions, and output from sensors and machines
big data
What are some examples of managerial methods?
business strategy, performance management, balanced scorecard, and forecasts
What are some examples of Business Intelligence Infrastructure?
databases, data warehouses, data marts, and analytic platforms
Corporate data for contemporary ESS are supplied by a firm's existing ______
enterprise applications
In Business Intelligence, the __________ collects, stores, cleans, and makes available relevant data to managers
foundation infrastructure
_________ solves dynamic and complex problems that involve hundreds/thousands of variables or formulas
genetic algorithms
In an expert system, human knowledge is modeled as a set of rules called a ____________
knowledge base
________ increases the ability of the organization to learn from its environment and to incorporate knowledge into its business processes and decision making
knowledge management
DSS rely more on _____ than MIS
modeling
The foundation of Business Intelligence Infrastructure is a _____________
powerful database
what're some examples of user interface?
reports, dashboards, scorecards, desktop, mobile, web portal, and social media
Decision support systems support ______ decision making
semistructured
In case based reasoning, _________ are tagged to the new case and both are stored together in the knowledge base
successful solutions
