MIS Chapter 11

What are the 6 elements of the Business Intelligence Environment?

1. Data from the business environment 2. Business Intelligence Infrastructure 3. Business analytics toolset 4. Managerial uses and methods 5. Delivery Platform 6. User Interface

What are the steps in the decision making process?

1. Intelligence 2. Design 3. Choice 4. Implementation

___% of all BI users are casual users

80%

This quality of decision making means the decision reflects reality

Accuracy

How can you tell if a decision is "better" or "improved"? (6 qualities)

Accuracy, Comprehensiveness, Fairness, Speed (efficiency), Coherence, and Due Process

_______ allows users to create their own reports based on queries and searches

Ad Hoc Query/Search/Report Creation

Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems deal with which type(s) of knowledge?

All 3 types

What are intelligence techniques based off of?

Artificial intelligence technology

_______ are computer-based systems (hardware and software) that attempt to emulate human behavior and thought patterns

Artificial intelligence technology

__________ helps decision makes with goal seeking

Background sensitivity analysis

___________ is the framework for operationalizing a firm's strategic plan by focusing on measurable outcomes on 4 dimensions of the firm's performance

Balanced Scorecard

____________ is a vendor defined term that focuses more on tools and techniques for analyzing and understanding data

Business Analytics

________ is a set of software tools used to analyze data and produce reports, respond to managers questions, and truck business progress using Key Performance Indicators

Business Analytics Toolset

_________ & __________ are about integrating all information streams into a single, coherent enterprise-wide set of data and then using modeling, statistical analysis, and data mining tools to make sense out of the data so managers can maker better decisions

Business Analytics and Business Intelligence

___________ is a word used by hardward/software vendors and information technology consultants to describe the infrastructure for warehousing, integrating, reporting, and analyzing data that come from the business environment

Business Intelligence

_________ attempts to systematically translate a firm's strategies into operational targets

Business Performance Management

What part of the balanced scorecard framework consists of # of activities, accident ratios, equipment downtime, process execution time, and resource efficiency?

Business Processes

Managers impose order on data analysis using methods that define strategic ______ & specify how ______ will be measured

Business goals; progress

What are some examples of data from the business environment?

Call centers, web sites, mobile devices, social media data, stores, supplies, and government and economic data

__________ is where knowledge and past experiences of human specialists are represented as cases and stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a new case with similar parameters

Case-based reasoning

This stage of the decision making process includes choosing from solution alternatives

Choice

This quality of decision making means the decision reflects a rational process that can be explained to others and made understandable

Coherence

This quality of decision making means the decision reflects a full consideration of the facts and circumstances

Comprehensiveness

What part of the balanced scorecard framework consists of delivery performance, quality performance, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer retention?

Customers

____ uses mathematical or analytical models to perform what-if or other kinds of analysis

DSS

______ is a visual tool for presenting performance data defined by users

Dashboards/Scorecards

_______ features structured and unstructured data from different sources that needs to be integrated and organized so it can be analyzed by decision makers

Data from the business environment

What is user interface?

Data visualization

___________ are for users who want to create their own reports, use more sophisticated analytics and models, to find patterns in data, to use alternative business scenarios, or to test specific hypotheses

Decision Support Systems

One of the biggest contributions of information systems is _________, both to individuals and groups

Decision making

________ delivers info and knowledge to different people and levels of the firm

Delivery platform

This stage of the decision making process includes identifying and exploring various solutions

Design

______ is the ability to move from a high level summary to a more detailed view

Drill down

This quality of decision making means the decision is the result of a known process and can be appealed to a higher authority

Due Process

________ are general purpose, firm wide systems that collect, store, distribute, and apply digital content and knowledge

Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems

_______ typically perform a limited number of tasks that can be performed by professionals in a few minutes-hours

Expert Systems

________ captures human expertise in a limited domain of knowledge as a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization

Expert Systems

What are the 6 Intelligence Techniques?

Expert Systems Case-Based Reasoning Genetic Algorithms Neural Networks Fuzzy Logic Intelligent Agents

____ are useful in decision making where expertise is expensive or in short supply

Expert systems

This quality of decision making means the decision faithfully reflects the concerns and interests of affected parties

Fairness

What part of the balanced scorecard framework consists of cash flow, return on capital employed, return on equity, return on investment, and financial result?

Financial

What are the 4 dimensions of the firm's performance on a balanced scorecard?

Financial, business process, customer, and learning and growth

_________ include capabilities for linear forecasting, "What-if" scenario analysis, and analyzing data using standard statistical tools

Forecasts, Scenarios, and Models

_________ allows incremental changes in inputs to produce smooth changes in outputs, instead of discontinuous ones

Fuzzy Logic

__________ is a rule-based technology that represents imprecision by creating rules that use approximate or subjective values

Fuzzy Logic

_________ are useful for finding the best solution for a problem by examining a very large number of alternative solutions for that problem

Genetic algorithms

_________ represents solutions by a string of 0s and 1s

Genetic algorithms

_________ ties location data about the distribution of people or other resources to points, lines, and areas on a map

Geographic Information Systems

____________ provide tools to help decision makers visualize problems that benefit mapping

Geographic Information Systems

What are some examples of unstructured decisions?

Goals of the organization New markets

__________ are an interactive computer-based system for facilitating the solution of unstructured problems by a set of decision makers working together as a group in the same location or in different locations

Group-Decision Support System

This stage of the decision making process includes making the chosen alternative work and monitoring how it goes

Implementation

This stage of the decision making process includes discovering, identifying, and understanding the problems occurring in the organization

Intelligence

_________ are software programs that work in the background without direct human intervention to carry out specific, repetitive, and predictable tasks for an individual user, business process, or software application

Intelligent agents

_________ helps navigate through large amounts of data to locate and act on information that is important

Intelligent agents

In Expert systems, ______ searches through the collection of rules and formulates conclusions

Interference engine

In Expert systems, __________ searches through the rules, and "fires" those rules that are triggered by facts gathers and entered by the user

Interference engine

In business performance management, once strategies/targets are identified, ____ are developed to monitor progress

KPIs

Senior management measures performance by _____

Key Performance Indicators

___________ is the set of business processes developed in an organization to create, store, transfer, and apply knowledge

Knowledge management

_____ & ______ systems provide tools for knowledge discovery, communication, and collaboration that make knowledge more easily available to decision makers and integrate it into the business processes of the firm

Knowledge management systems and knowledge work systems

What part of the balanced scorecard framework consists of Investment rate, illness rate, internal promotions %, employee turnover, and gender ratios?

Learning and growth

__________ is the ability to gain business insight from the location (geographic) component of data

Location analytics

Many BI pre-packaged production reports are _____ reports supporting structured decision making for operational and middle managers

MIS

What are the 3 types of delivery platforms?

MIS, DSS, ESS

Who uses semistructured decisions?

Middle Management

What are some examples of business analytics toolset?

Models, data mining, OLAP, reporting and query tools, big data analytics

__________ are used for solving complex, poorly understood problems for which large amounts of data have been collected

Neural Networks

_________ finds patterns and relationships in massive amounts of data that would be too complicated and difficult for a human being

Neural networks

__________ "learns" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data, searching for relationships, building models, and correcting over and over again the model's own mistakes

Neural networks

Can neural networks always explain how they got the solution?

No

Who uses structured decisions?

Operational Management

_______ has several parameters and filter data and isolate impacts of parameters

Parameterized reports

"Super user" managers and analysts employ this to identify and understand patterns in business information that may be useful for semistructured decision making

Pivot Table

What is an example of a parameterized report?

Pivot Table

________ uses statistical analysis, data mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future conditions to predict future trends and behavior patterns

Predictive analytics

_______ are pre-defined reports based on industry-specific requirements

Production reports

What are the 6 analytic functionalities that BI systems deliver to achieve it's goals?

Production reports Parameterized reports Dashboards/Scorecards Ad Hoc Query/search/report creation Drill down Forecast, Scenarios, and Models

What is predictive analytics used for?

Sales, marketing, finance, fraud detection, health care, credit scoring

In this type of decision, only part of the problem has a clear cut answer provided by an accepted procedure

Semistructured

Who uses Unstructured Decisions?

Senior management

________ asks what-if questions repeatedly to predict outcomes if changes occur in those values

Sensitivity analysis

This quality of decision making means the decision making is efficient with respect to time and and other resources, including the time and resources of affected parties

Speed (Efficiency)

This type of decision involves definite procedure for decision making

Structured

In this type of decision, it is routine and repetitive

Structured decision

What are the three types of decisions?

Structured, Unstructured, and Semistructured Decisions

__________ is expertise and experience of organizational members that hasn't been formally written down

Tacit knowledge

In this type of decision, the decision maker must provide judgement, evaluation, and insight to solve the problem

Unstructured

In this type of decision, there is no agreed-upon procedure for decision making

Unstructured

In this type of decision, each decision is novel, important, and nonroutine

Unstructured Decision

in case based reasoning, _____ are also appended to the case with explanations why the solution didn't work

Unsuccessful solutions

________ works from known/assumed conditions and allows users to vary certain values to test results to predict outcomes if changes occur in those values

What-if analysis

What is an example of a structured decision?

Who gets overtime pay

What are some examples of semistructured decisions?

Why sales have declined

For ESS to be useful, the info must be _____

action-able

________ means that info must be readily available and easy to use when making decisions

action-able

Neural networks are best used to (aid/replace) human decision makers

aid

Predictive analytics are now talking advantage of ________ accumulated in private and public sectors, including data from social media, customer transactions, and output from sensors and machines

big data

What are some examples of managerial methods?

business strategy, performance management, balanced scorecard, and forecasts

What are some examples of Business Intelligence Infrastructure?

databases, data warehouses, data marts, and analytic platforms

Corporate data for contemporary ESS are supplied by a firm's existing ______

enterprise applications

In Business Intelligence, the __________ collects, stores, cleans, and makes available relevant data to managers

foundation infrastructure

_________ solves dynamic and complex problems that involve hundreds/thousands of variables or formulas

genetic algorithms

In an expert system, human knowledge is modeled as a set of rules called a ____________

knowledge base

________ increases the ability of the organization to learn from its environment and to incorporate knowledge into its business processes and decision making

knowledge management

DSS rely more on _____ than MIS

modeling

The foundation of Business Intelligence Infrastructure is a _____________

powerful database

what're some examples of user interface?

reports, dashboards, scorecards, desktop, mobile, web portal, and social media

Decision support systems support ______ decision making

semistructured

In case based reasoning, _________ are tagged to the new case and both are stored together in the knowledge base

successful solutions